Deck 7: Cross-Tabulation Tables and Chi-Square

Question 1

Use the following table to answer questions :
Abortion Attitudes by Race of Respondent Cross-tabulation

$\begin{array}{ l }\text { } \text { \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)RACE OF RESPONDENT } & \\\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|ll|l}\hline \text { } & \text { WHITE } & \text { BLACK } & \text { OTHER } & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { ABORTION \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)YES } & 600 & 99 & 85 & 748\\ \text { WOMAN WANTS\(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & \\\text { FOR ANY REASON \(~~ ~~~\) \( \) NO } & 827 & 165 & 163 & 1155 & \\\text { } \\\text { Total \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & 1427 & 264 & 248 & 1939 & \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$

-How many respondents provided data for the table?

A) 784
B) 1155
C) 1427
D) 1939

Answer 1

1939

Question 2

Use the following table to answer questions :
Abortion Attitudes by Race of Respondent Cross-tabulation

$\begin{array}{ l }\text { } \text { \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)RACE OF RESPONDENT } & \\\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|ll|l}\hline \text { } & \text { WHITE } & \text { BLACK } & \text { OTHER } & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { ABORTION \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)YES } & 600 & 99 & 85 & 748\\ \text { WOMAN WANTS\(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & \\\text { FOR ANY REASON \(~~ ~~~\) \( \) NO } & 827 & 165 & 163 & 1155 & \\\text { } \\\text { Total \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & 1427 & 264 & 248 & 1939 & \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$

-How many respondents are black?

A) 99
B) 264
C) 784
D) 784.

Answer 2

264

Question 3

Use the following table to answer questions :
Abortion Attitudes by Race of Respondent Cross-tabulation

$\begin{array}{ l }\text { } \text { \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)RACE OF RESPONDENT } & \\\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|ll|l}\hline \text { } & \text { WHITE } & \text { BLACK } & \text { OTHER } & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { ABORTION \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)YES } & 600 & 99 & 85 & 748\\ \text { WOMAN WANTS\(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & \\\text { FOR ANY REASON \(~~ ~~~\) \( \) NO } & 827 & 165 & 163 & 1155 & \\\text { } \\\text { Total \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & 1427 & 264 & 248 & 1939 & \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$

-How many white respondents responded with "No"?

A) 600
B) 165
C) 827
D) 1427

Answer 3

827

Question 4

Use the following table to answer questions :
Abortion Attitudes by Race of Respondent Cross-tabulation

$\begin{array}{ l }\text { } \text { \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)RACE OF RESPONDENT } & \\\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|ll|l}\hline \text { } & \text { WHITE } & \text { BLACK } & \text { OTHER } & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { ABORTION \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)YES } & 600 & 99 & 85 & 748\\ \text { WOMAN WANTS\(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & \\\text { FOR ANY REASON \(~~ ~~~\) \( \) NO } & 827 & 165 & 163 & 1155 & \\\text { } \\\text { Total \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & 1427 & 264 & 248 & 1939 & \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$

-Which of these ethnic groups is most likely to respond "yes"?

A) white
B) black
C) other

Question 5

Use the following table to answer questions :
Abortion Attitudes by Race of Respondent Cross-tabulation

$\begin{array}{ l }\text { } \text { \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)RACE OF RESPONDENT } & \\\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|ll|l}\hline \text { } & \text { WHITE } & \text { BLACK } & \text { OTHER } & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { ABORTION \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)YES } & 600 & 99 & 85 & 748\\ \text { WOMAN WANTS\(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & \\\text { FOR ANY REASON \(~~ ~~~\) \( \) NO } & 827 & 165 & 163 & 1155 & \\\text { } \\\text { Total \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & 1427 & 264 & 248 & 1939 & \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$

-What percent of white respondents agree with abortion for any reason?

A) 37.5
B) 42
C) 58
D) 65.7

Question 6

Use the following table to answer questions :
Abortion Attitudes by Race of Respondent Cross-tabulation

$\begin{array}{ l }\text { } \text { \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)RACE OF RESPONDENT } & \\\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|ll|l}\hline \text { } & \text { WHITE } & \text { BLACK } & \text { OTHER } & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { ABORTION \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)YES } & 600 & 99 & 85 & 748\\ \text { WOMAN WANTS\(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & \\\text { FOR ANY REASON \(~~ ~~~\) \( \) NO } & 827 & 165 & 163 & 1155 & \\\text { } \\\text { Total \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & 1427 & 264 & 248 & 1939 & \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$

-What percent of the "other" category disagree with abortion for any reason?

A) 37.5
B) 42
C) 58
D) 65.7

Question 7

Use the following table to answer questions :
Abortion Attitudes by Race of Respondent Cross-tabulation

$\begin{array}{ l }\text { } \text { \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)RACE OF RESPONDENT } & \\\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|ll|l}\hline \text { } & \text { WHITE } & \text { BLACK } & \text { OTHER } & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { ABORTION \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)YES } & 600 & 99 & 85 & 748\\ \text { WOMAN WANTS\(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & \\\text { FOR ANY REASON \(~~ ~~~\) \( \) NO } & 827 & 165 & 163 & 1155 & \\\text { } \\\text { Total \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & 1427 & 264 & 248 & 1939 & \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$

-What percent of respondents who disagree are black?

A) 14.3
B) 37.5
C) 42
D) 62.5

Question 8

Use the following table to answer questions :
Abortion Attitudes by Race of Respondent Cross-tabulation

$\begin{array}{ l }\text { } \text { \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)RACE OF RESPONDENT } & \\\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|ll|l}\hline \text { } & \text { WHITE } & \text { BLACK } & \text { OTHER } & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { ABORTION \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)YES } & 600 & 99 & 85 & 748\\ \text { WOMAN WANTS\(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & \\\text { FOR ANY REASON \(~~ ~~~\) \( \) NO } & 827 & 165 & 163 & 1155 & \\\text { } \\\text { Total \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & 1427 & 264 & 248 & 1939 & \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$

-What percent of respondents who agree are white?

A) 40.4
B) 42
C) 65.7
D) 76.5

Question 9

Use the following table to answer questions :
Abortion Attitudes by Race of Respondent Cross-tabulation

$\begin{array}{ l }\text { } \text { \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)RACE OF RESPONDENT } & \\\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|ll|l}\hline \text { } & \text { WHITE } & \text { BLACK } & \text { OTHER } & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { ABORTION \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)YES } & 600 & 99 & 85 & 748\\ \text { WOMAN WANTS\(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & \\\text { FOR ANY REASON \(~~ ~~~\) \( \) NO } & 827 & 165 & 163 & 1155 & \\\text { } \\\text { Total \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & 1427 & 264 & 248 & 1939 & \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$

-What is the value of chi-square?

A) 1.6
B) 2
C) 6.4
D) 10.2

Question 10

Use the following table to answer questions :
Abortion Attitudes by Race of Respondent Cross-tabulation

$\begin{array}{ l }\text { } \text { \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)RACE OF RESPONDENT } & \\\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|ll|l}\hline \text { } & \text { WHITE } & \text { BLACK } & \text { OTHER } & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { ABORTION \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)\(~~ ~~~\)YES } & 600 & 99 & 85 & 748\\ \text { WOMAN WANTS\(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & \\\text { FOR ANY REASON \(~~ ~~~\) \( \) NO } & 827 & 165 & 163 & 1155 & \\\text { } \\\text { Total \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & 1427 & 264 & 248 & 1939 & \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$

-The relationship between the variables is significant at what level?

A) .001
B) .01
C) .05
D) all of the above

Question 11

Suppose a sample of students in your class counts 13 females and 7 males. What is the expected frequency of males?

A) 7
B) 10
C) 13
D) 20

Question 12

Calculate chi-square for the distribution from question 12.

A) 1
B) 1.8
C) 3.2
D) 4

Question 13

The relationship between the variables in questions 12-13 is significant at what level?

A) .001
B) .01
C) .05
D) There is no statistically significant relationship.

Question 14

What type of test was used to answer questions 12-14?

A) one-way chi-square
B) two-way chi-square
C) t-ratio
D) f-ratio

Question 15

Suppose you obtain a chi-square statistic of 13.4. Are your results statistically significant if the critical value obtained from the distribution of chi-square is 5.99 with an alpha level of .05?

A) results are not significant
B) results are significant
C) not enough information is provided here

Question 16

Suppose you obtain a chi-square statistic of 3.7. Are your results statistically significant if the critical value obtained from the distribution of chi-square is 9.2 with an alpha level of .01?

A) results are not significant
B) results are significant
C) not enough information is provided here

Question 17

-------- frequencies are those frequencies that are expected in a frequency table if no trends exist in the data.

A) Observed
B) Expected
C) Trend
D) Significant

Question 18

------------ frequencies are those frequencies that are actually distributed in a frequency table.

A) Observed
B) Expected
C) Trend
D) Significant

Question 19

According to the textbook, the column variable is the dependent variable in hypotheses.

Question 20

The degrees of freedom in a bivariate table are found by subtracting 1 from the number of rows.

Question 21

Expected frequencies are the frequencies we would expect to see if no trends exist in the data.

Question 22

Suppose you obtain a chi-square statistic of 5.9. This is not statistically significant if the critical value obtained from the distribution of chi-square is 9.2 with an alpha level of .01.

Question 23

A chi-square statistic of 8.2 is statistically significant if the critical value obtained from the distribution of chi-square is 5.99 with an alpha level of .05.

Question 24

The following is a hypothetical bivariate table of gender and religion:

$\begin{array}{ l }\text { } \text { \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\) \(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)\(~~~~\)Gender } & \\ Religion ~~~\begin{array}{|l|l|l|ll|l}\hline \text { } & \text { Male } & \text { Female } & \text { \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } \\\hline \text { } \\\text { Secular } & 250 & 500 \\\text { } \\\hline \text { \(~~ ~~~\) \(~~ ~~\) \(~~~~\) } & \\\text { Protestant } & 600 & 150 \\\text { } \\\hline\text { } \\\text { Catholic } & 350 & 150 \\\text { } \\\hline\text { } \\\text { } \\ \hline\end{array}\end{array}$

a.Complete the bivariate table. (Add marginals, percentages, and total N).
b.Answer the following questions about the table:
What is the independent variable for this table?
What is the dependent variable?

Question 25

Use the following table to answer questions
SHOULD MARIJUANA BE MADE LEGAL by RESPONDENTS SEX
$\begin{array}{l}\text { ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ RESPONDENTS SEX } \\\begin{array}{|l|l|l|ll|}\hline \text { } \\\text { ~~ ~~~ } \\\text { } & \text { MALE } & \text { FEMALE } & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { SHOULD ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~LEGAL ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~Count } & ~~~~~~~~~336 & ~~~~~~~~~336 &~~~~~~~~~672 & \\\text { MARIJUANA BE ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ \%within sex } \\\text { MADE LEGAL } & ~~~~~~~~~42.9 \% & ~~~~~~~~~32.2 \% &~~~~~~~~~36.8 \% & \\\text { ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~ NOT LEGAL ~~ ~ Count } & ~~~~~~~~~448 & ~~~~~~~~~708 &~~~~~~~~~1156 & \\\text { ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~ \%within sex } & ~~~~~~~~~57.1 \% & ~~~~~~~~~67.8 \% &~~~~~~~~~63.2 \% & \\\text { } \\\text { Total ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~Count } & ~~~~~~~~~784 & ~~~~~~~~~1044 &~~~~~~~~~1828 & \\\text { ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ \%within sex } & ~~~~~~~~~100.0 \% & ~~~~~~~~~100.0 \% &~~~~~~~~~100.0 \% & \\ \text { } \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$


-Calculate chi-square for the above table.

Question 26

Use the following table to answer questions
SHOULD MARIJUANA BE MADE LEGAL by RESPONDENTS SEX
$\begin{array}{l}\text { ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ RESPONDENTS SEX } \\\begin{array}{|l|l|l|ll|}\hline \text { } \\\text { ~~ ~~~ } \\\text { } & \text { MALE } & \text { FEMALE } & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { SHOULD ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~LEGAL ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~Count } & ~~~~~~~~~336 & ~~~~~~~~~336 &~~~~~~~~~672 & \\\text { MARIJUANA BE ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ \%within sex } \\\text { MADE LEGAL } & ~~~~~~~~~42.9 \% & ~~~~~~~~~32.2 \% &~~~~~~~~~36.8 \% & \\\text { ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~ NOT LEGAL ~~ ~ Count } & ~~~~~~~~~448 & ~~~~~~~~~708 &~~~~~~~~~1156 & \\\text { ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~ \%within sex } & ~~~~~~~~~57.1 \% & ~~~~~~~~~67.8 \% &~~~~~~~~~63.2 \% & \\\text { } \\\text { Total ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~Count } & ~~~~~~~~~784 & ~~~~~~~~~1044 &~~~~~~~~~1828 & \\\text { ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ \%within sex } & ~~~~~~~~~100.0 \% & ~~~~~~~~~100.0 \% &~~~~~~~~~100.0 \% & \\ \text { } \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$


-Interpret chi-square. Be sure to include a discussion of statistical significance.

Question 27

Use the table below to answer the following questions:

$\begin{array}{l}\text { ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~Race ~ } \\\begin{array}{|l|l|ll|}\hline \text { } \\\hline \text { Political Party } & \text { White } & \text { Black } \\\hline \text {Republican } & 156 & 86 \\\hline \text {Democrat } & 296 & 139 \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$


-Test the null hypothesis that gender and support for welfare are independent (alpha =.05). Begin by stating the research hypothesis.
Research Hypothesis:
Obtained statistic score:
Decision:
Interpretation: