Deck 15: Mass Media Globalization

Question 1

Tense relations between the Afgahan government and the Tolo TV network in Afghanistan included all of the following EXCEPT

A) Afghan President Hamid Karzi told the network CEO, "You better fix up your TV station.".
B) fifty police officers raided the network, took three staff members away, and beat others .
C) Taliban purists forced the network to air nothing but calls to prayer and chanting on TV.
D) the vice president's personal bodyguards had an armed stand-off with the police force.

Answer 1

Taliban purists forced the network to air nothing but calls to prayer and chanting on TV.

Question 2

The changing conditions faced by mass media around the world are evident in Afghanistan's new constitution which was written in 2003 and

A) affords unlimited freedom to the Internet but puts very restrictive limits on broadcast media.
B) establishes strict government control of all mass media.
C) includes a constitutional guarantee against government interference with mass media.
D) requires that at least 50 percent of all media content promote religious or cultural values.

Answer 2

includes a constitutional guarantee against government interference with mass media.

Question 3

Throughout mass media history, what political systems with top-down governances have been most common?

A) Authoritarian
B) Democratic
C) Republican
D) Sovereign

Answer 3

Authoritarian

Question 4

King Henry VIII who cracked down on printed materials headed a political system classified as

A) democratic.
B) authoritarian.
C) libertarian.
D) empirical.

Question 5

What type of government system prevents mass-media criticism of its policies with numerous methods?

A) Democratic
B) Libertarianism
C) Authoritarian
D) Global

Question 6

The two countries with Marxist-Leninist regimes that are ranked by Freedom House as being among the worst-rated countries for press freedom are

A) Peru and Libya.
B) Cuba and North Korea.
C) Brazil and Iran.
D) Haiti and South Korea.

Question 7

King James of Scotland and later of England advocated the divine right of kings which claimed that legitimate monarchs were

A) elected by the people.
B) anointed by the Almighty.
C) entitled to their crowns by birthrights.
D) were voted on by parliament.

Question 8

The authoritarian line of reasoning justifies suppression of ideas and information on the grounds that

A) truth is a monopoly of the regime.
B) the people should determine the truth.
C) democracy involves all the people.
D) the ruling class needs input from common folk.

Question 9

Libertarian thinkers have faith in the ability of

A) individuals to make decisions based on reason.
B) royalty to guide the country.
C) the divine right of kings to rule the land.
D) government to make all decisions.

Question 10

English writer John Milton argued for a free and open exchange of information known as the

A) right of kings.
B) marketplace of ideas.
C) democratic system.
D) idea community.

Question 11

Libertarians believe that people sometimes err in sorting out alternatives, but those flawed ideas can be replaced with better ones, which is known as

A) democratic reason.
B) value driven thinking.
C) the self-righting process.
D) indigenous values

Question 12

The free expression section of the U.S. Constitution is called

A) the Fifth Amendment.
B) the First Amendment.
C) the right to bear speech.
D) Article I. .

Question 13

Since the U.S. Constitution was written,

A) no limits have ever been placed on free speech and expression.
B) minor modifications to the right to free speech and expression in the 17^th amendment.
C) courts have consistently ruled that no limits can be imposed.
D) some limits have, of necessity, been imposed on free speech and expression.

Question 14

The government of India appears to have taken the lead in using computers and mobile communications devices to link its people, even those in remote villages, with the rest of the world. Its accomplishments include all of the following EXCEPT

A) designing and releasing $35 Linux-based laptop computers for students and citizens.
B) doing daily polls of citizens via the Internet to assess their satisfaction with elected officials.
C) having distant doctors diagnose illness and plan treatments through tele-medicine systems.
D) providing Internet-connected knowledge and bill-payment centers for 237,000 villages.

Question 15

During which war did reporters routinely submit their stories to censors to delete sensitive military matters?

A) Civil War
B) World War I
C) World War II
D) Vietnam

Question 16

During which conflict were U.S. reporters dressed in officers' uniforms and often assigned a vehicle and driver?

A) the Civil War
B) World War II
C) the Vietnam War
D) the 2003 invasion of Iraq

Question 17

Uncensored field reporting from the Vietnam War was dubbed

A) grass-roots reporting.
B) Viet journalism.
C) jungle jive.
D) rice-roots reporting.

Question 18

During which military action were the U.S. news media prevented from covering combat operations?

A) World War I
B) the earliest portion of the Vietnam War
C) the U.S. invasion of Grenada
D) the 2003 invasion of Iraq

Question 19

How does a pool system work?

A) The military keeps a pool of journalists in the front lines to ensure 24/7 coverage.
B) Reporters live and travel with military units at all times.
C) Journalists have no specific contact with the military but are allowed to accompany them at will.
D) Reporters are chosen on a rotating basis to cover limited-access events and share the story.

Question 20

Reporters who are assigned to a specific military unit are said to be

A) volunteers.
B) assignees.
C) embedded.
D) attached.

Question 21

About how many reporters were mortally wounded in the Iraq War?

A) less than 25
B) about 50
C) roughly 75
D) more than 100

Question 22

WikiLeaks.org has been presented as an illustration of the Internet's potential "to force humans into new governance structures" because it has done all of the following EXCEPT

A) being a thorn in the side of governments around the world since its founding in 2006.
B) encouraging those aware of government wrong-doing to post documentary proof on the site.
C) notifying the SEC about illegal insider trading that affected the value of U.S. stocks.
D) telling everyone that revealing government secrets is "principled leaking".

Question 23

WikiLeaks.org has been praised for fearlessly revealing government secrets that have included all of the following EXCEPT

A) financial assistance going to the Taliban and rampant war-profiteering in Pakistan.
B) information that led to changes in Kenya's constitution and a more open government.
C) more than a half-million classified U.S. documents on the war in Iraq and Afghanistan.
D) secret plans by the Canadian government to smuggle illegal aliens into Alaska.

Question 24

The Australian founder and driving force behind WikiLeaks is

A) John Milton.
B) Julian Assange.
C) Rupert Murdoch.
D) Victoria Clarke.

Question 25

The role of the U.S. in Afghanistan's mass media after its government was overthrown in 2001 and began rebuilding has included all of the following EXCEPT

A) conducting "soft diplomacy" by creating ways to get pro-U.S. messages directly to the people.
B) producing Soothing Sounds, a radio show to introduce them to the best in American music.
C) sponsoring On the Road, a TV show to build nationalism by showing viewers their own country.
D) USAID funding of $228,000 to start the country's first privately-owned radio station.

Question 26

Among the US-supported trans-border mass media which try to get messages into countries that don't want U.S. media reaching their people are all of the following EXCEPT

A) Radio Farda which broadcasts in the Farsi language and is aimed into Iran and Iraq .
B) Radio Liberty which beams its signals into Central Europe and Russia.
C) Silver Splinter, Internet programming designed to penetrate China's Golden Shield firewall.
D) Television Marti which broadcasts into Cuba from blimps and planes flying near the island.

Question 27

Foreign governments have make all of the following attempts to stop or block U.S. efforts to disseminate trans-border messages EXCEPT

A) establishing a very-effective Golden Shield firewall to filter Chinese Internet traffic .
B) filing complaints with the International Telecommunications Union, a part of the United Nations.
C) jamming radio transmissions with their own high-powered distortion signals.
D) shooting down a blimp carrying the Television Marti transmitter.

Question 28

What U.S. government-funded broadcast service is sent into nations with state-controlled media to articulate U.S. policies directly to the people?

A) CNN
B) Voice of America
C) National Public Radio
D) U.S. Global

Question 29

Voice of America was created

A) after World War I.
B) during World War II.
C) at the start of the Vietnam War.
D) in conjunction with the Public Broadcasting Systems.

Question 30

Al-Jazeera was modeled after

A) the BBC.
B) CNN.
C) the Associated Press.
D) Fox News.

Question 31

What kind of content does Qatar-based Al- Jazeera emphasize?

A) U.S.
B) British
C) Hispanic
D) Arab

Question 32

What quasi-government agency is creating a Mideast entertainment production center?

A) Dubai Media Incorporated
B) Arab News One
C) Al-Jazeera
D) BBC

Question 33

Islamic radicals, including Al-Qaeda, have adapted this media technology to meet their needs and promote their cause to a global audience.

A) direct satellite television
B) the telegraph
C) low-cost digital media
D) remote publishing

Question 34

What country suppressed challenges to government authority with the most labor-intensive censorship initiative in history?

A) Iran
B) Iraq
C) India
D) China

Question 35

To rein in unrestrained journalism, China proposed an Emergency Response Law to

A) limit news reporting of disasters and thus ensure social stability.
B) promote fair and balanced coverage.
C) promote news competition.
D) better inform the people about events.

Question 36

What was the stated purpose for China to propose the Emergency Response Law?

A) to provide Chinese citizens all the facts
B) to ensure only the true facts are released
C) to censor information
D) to ensure social stability

Question 37

Recently, the Chinese government has expended major resources to limit exposure to what medium?

A) radio
B) Internet
C) television
D) newspaper

Question 38

What is the name of the Chinese system to control internal Internet communications?

A) the Golden Shield
B) the Social System
C) Falun Gong
D) United System

Question 39

When government reviews content before dissemination, it's called

A) pre-publication censorship.
B) post-publication sanctions.
C) instituting a firewall.
D) preventative protocols.

Question 40

Bloggers in China

A) operate about the same way as those in the U.S.
B) must register with the government.
C) must have their content screened by the government before publication.
D) are subject to semi-annual reviews of their sites.

Question 41

The Chinese government uses all of the following ways to monitor and control Internet communications EXCEPT

A) automated scanning to detect prohibited words and phrases.
B) chatroom coordinators who guide the discussions in politically acceptable directions.
C) government-issued passwords are required to enter an Internet café.
D) Internet users must log on using their government-issued ID numbers.

Question 42

Both the news and entertainment offered by Afghanistan's Tolo TV network reflect the press freedom guaranteed by the country's new constitution which was written in 2003.

Question 43

When religious purists associated with the Taliban ran Afghanistan, radio was allowed to broadcast nothing by calls to prayer and unending religious chants.

Question 44

In establishing his Tolo TV network, Saad Mohseni wanted to remain true to the long-standing feudal traditions of his homeland.

Question 45

A major challenge to launching Tolo TV in Afghanistan was the fact that the country's national economy lacked the solid base of advertisers who are normally needed to support mass media.

Question 46

Mass media reflect a nation's political system.

Question 47

King Henry VIII was the British monarch who began cracking down on print materials in 1529.

Question 48

Authoritarianism is "top-down governance," such as a monarchy or dictatorship.

Question 49

Censorship is one way libertarian governments control mass media.

Question 50

Freedom House, an organization that monitors press freedom, lists 45 nations that deny a broad range of freedoms.

Question 51

The divine right of kings promoted the idea that the people should elect the ruler of the land.

Question 52

An authoritarian believes that truth is a monopoly of the regime.

Question 53

Libertarianism emphasizes the individual's ability to reason his or her way to right decisions.

Question 54

Libertarian forms of government have been the most common throughout history.

Question 55

The marketplace of ideas was an authoritarian concept.

Question 56

John Milton was a pioneer libertarian.

Question 57

Areopagitica was the name of Milton's landmark tract explaining the marketplace of ideas.

Question 58

People sometimes make mistakes, but libertarians believe that because truth-seeking is a lifelong pursuit, flawed ideas will be corrected in the self-righting process.

Question 59

The Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution ensures freedom of speech.

Question 60

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev started and maintains a daily blog to keep in two-way touch with citizens and encourage public debate.

Question 61

Entrepreneurs in China moved faster than the government did and established more than 140,000 Internet cafes before the government had developed ways to censor Internet traffic.

Question 62

Low-cost digital media have accelerated economic development in many countries where the governments have been forward-thinking enough to make them available to their citizens.

Question 63

The Internet and mobile digital devices have been a boon to authoritarian governments who want to maintain a tight rein on mass media and free speech in their countries.

Question 64

It can be inferred from the book that journalism has been trying to find a balance between unrestricted coverage and government interference since the U.S. Civil War.

Question 65

The Union Secretary of War organized Civil War censorship of sensitive military issues.

Question 66

The Spanish-American War was the first U.S. war that had a large contingent of reporters accompanying the armies.

Question 67

During World War II, news reporters were picked from a pool and embedded with companies.

Question 68

"Rice-roots reporting" was a term used to describe field reporting from the battles with Japan during World War II.

Question 69

The footage an embedded reporter can provide is extremely limited and closely controlled by the military.

Question 70

News reporters who are assigned to and stay with a particular military unit while it conducts its missions are "embedded."

Question 71

WikiLeaks.org may be able to use the Internet to force humans to adopt new governance structures by encouraging people who are aware of government wrong-doing to post documentary evidence proving it on their site.

Question 72

WikiLeaks claims that those who provide classified or other secret information for its site are engaged in "principled leaking".

Question 73

One danger of WikiLeaks is that the information posted there has never been verified; it's accepted at face value and posted as is.

Question 74

Among the accomplishments of WikiLeaks was posting evidence of corruption that led to changes in Kenya's constitution and a more open government.

Question 75

WikiLeaks was also the first to reveal the Canadian government's secret plans to let illegal aliens sneak across its border into Alaska.

Question 76

Julian Assange, the driving force behind WikiLeaks, believes that powerful organizations, particularly governments and corporations, should operate openly.

Question 77

Julian Assange, who heads WikiLeaks, believes governments and corporations should avoid transparency because it only leads to secrecy, fraud, and abuse.

Question 78

Major corporations make huge lobbying investments to influence U.S. laws and regulations.

Question 79

Traditional mass media have done a great job of getting inside major corporations to tell the real story of what they're doing and expose corporate excesses.

Question 80

Unlike the traditional news media, the Internet has opened new avenues for well-motivated corporate insiders to blow the whistle on mismanagement and other wrong-doing.