Question 1

The most frequently used data collection strategy, particularly for quantitative research, is&#10;A) interviews.&#10;B) observations.&#10;C) questionnaires.

Accepted Answer

Questionnaires and other written, self-report instruments are the most frequently used data collection strategies, particularly for quantitative research, as they receive high marks for both versatility and flexibility. Interviews and observations are tools used most frequently in qualitative research.
1

Question 2

A disadvantage of open-ended questions on a self-report instrument is&#10;A) they do not permit efficient quantification of subtle gradations in the strength or quantity of a characteristic about the variable of interest.&#10;B) they require the respondent to articulate and organize his or her thoughts.&#10;C) They require the researcher to provide a meaningful, comprehensive list of response options.

Accepted Answer

Open-ended questions require respondents to articulate and organize their thoughts, which can be challenging and may lead to less consistent or incomplete responses.

Question 3

&#34;What are the reasons you have not completed your medication regimen?&#34; is an example of which type of question?&#10;A) Cafeteria-type question.&#10;B) Closed-ended question.&#10;C) Open-ended question.

Accepted Answer

An open-ended question offers respondents an opportunity to provide whatever information they want. Cafeteria questions provide a list of responses to which respondents can check all that apply. Closed-ended questions typically require a yes or no response.

Question 4

How can the researcher deal with a respondent who tends to select the middle or neutral response option in a Likert scale rather than take a position on the issue?&#10;A) Include positively and negatively worded versions of the same statement.&#10;B) Reverse wording of items.&#10;C) Use an even number of response options.

Accepted Answer

Eliminating a middle or neutral position forces fence-sitters to make a choice. Including positively and negatively worded versions and reverse wording of items are sometimes used as strategies to prevent response-set bias.

Question 5

A respondent who agrees with all statements on a Likert-scale survey is demonstrating&#10;A) acquiescence response-set bias.&#10;B) extreme response-set bias.&#10;C) social desirability response-set bias.

Accepted Answer

Acquiescence response-set bias occurs when the respondent is always agreeing with the attitudinal statements. Social desirability response-set refers to one who is responding in a socially acceptable or self-protective manner, whereas an extreme response set refers to one who chooses only the most extreme positive or negative response options.

Question 6

Which of the following qualitative self-report methods typically begins with a grand tour question?&#10;A) Critical incident interview.&#10;B) Focus group interview.&#10;C) Unstructured interview.

Accepted Answer

An unstructured interview typically begins with a broad grand tour question, such as "Tell me about…." or "What were your feelings when…." Subsequent questions then build on an informant's responses. Critical incident and focus group interviews are examples of more structured interviews used so the respondent stays on topic.

Question 7

Which of the following types of research does not use existing data?&#10;A) Meta-analysis.&#10;B) Observational study.&#10;C) Secondary analysis.

Accepted Answer

An observational study collects data about a situation as it occurs. The sample for a meta-analysis is a selection of quantitative research articles. The sample for a secondary analysis is a pre-existing data set.

Question 8

An important and desirable feature of a composite (summated) rating scale is that it&#10;A) allows respondents to express their attitude in their own words.&#10;B) is immune to response-set bias.&#10;C) permits fine-grained discrimination between respondents.

Accepted Answer

In a composite rating scale, responses to a set of related items can be summed to provide a composite score that is interval-level data. Open-ended questions allow respondents to express responses in their own words. No rating scale is immune to response-set bias.

Question 9

Which of the following qualitative self-report methods would most likely be used to study clinical nurses' decision making as it evolves?&#10;A) Critical incident review.&#10;B) Focus group interview.&#10;C) Think-aloud method.

Accepted Answer

The think-aloud method offers a self-report that shares information as it evolves.
Critical incident review and focus group interview methods are better able to capture opinions and viewpoints rather than a process as it evolves.

Question 10

The major advantage of observational methods of data collection is that they&#10;A) are more economical than self-reports.&#10;B) are not subject to bias.&#10;C) directly capture a behavior of interest.

Accepted Answer

Observation is particularly useful for collecting information about behaviors that individuals may be unaware of or are unwilling to report. Observational methods are usually more expensive than self-reports, whereas observational data collection is subject to observer bias.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about error with biophysical measures is true?&#10;A) Because these measures are objective and concrete, there is little error.&#10;B) These measures are very reliable and are stable over time.&#10;C) These measures are subject to several sources of error.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about error...

Question 12

Which of the following statements about error with biophysical measures is true?&#10;A) They are more prone to random error than to systematic error.&#10;B) They are more prone to systematic error than to random error.&#10;C) They are prone to both random and systematic error.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about error...

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of an in vitro biophysical measure?&#10;A) Blood glucose (accucheck).&#10;B) Temperature.&#10;C) Vital capacity measurement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 14

The major advantage of biophysical measures is that they&#10;A) are free from ethical problems.&#10;B) are free from reactive measurement effects.&#10;C) tend to be highly accurate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The major advantage of biophysical measures is...

Deck 11: Data Collection Strategies