Deck 3: Cell Structures and Their Functions

Question 1

The basic living unit of all organisms is the

A) Molecule
B) Cell
C) Compound
D) Organelle

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

Which instrument allows us to see features of the cell surface and the surfaces of internal structures?

A) Transmission electron microscope
B) Light microscope
C) Telescope
D) Scanning electron microscope

Answer 2

Scanning electron microscope

Question 3

Which of the following is correctly matched?

A) Organelles - form the outer boundary of the cell
B) Cytoplasm - material within the nucleus of the cell
C) Nucleus - contains genetic material and directs cell activities
D) Plasma membrane - contains many organelles that perform specific functions

Answer 3

Nucleus - contains genetic material and directs cell activities

Question 4

All the chemical reactions of a cell are called

A) Cell metabolism
B) Communication
C) Reproduction
D) Inheritance

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of a cell?

A) Communication
B) Metabolism
C) Energy use
D) Movement

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

A) Produces energy for cell use
B) Encloses and supports the cell
C) Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell
D) Aids in communication between cells

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT found making up the plasma membrane?

A) Phospholipids
B) Proteins
C) Triglycerides
D) Carbohydrates

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT true about the plasma membrane structure?

A) Phospholipids form a lipid bilayer
B) The membrane is very rigid
C) Cholesterol molecules provide strength to the membrane
D) Protein molecules are embedded within the phospholipids

Question 9

What are cell surface molecules that act in identification, recognition and communication?

A) Membrane channels
B) Attachment proteins
C) Marker molecules
D) Enzymes

Question 10

Important components of marker molecules are

A) Carbohydrates
B) Cholesterols
C) Nucleic acids
D) None of the above are correct

Question 11

What type of attachment proteins help attach cells to other cells?

A) Glycolipids
B) Cadherins
C) Integrins
D) Marker molecules

Question 12

Transport proteins include all of the following except

A) Integrins
B) ATP-powered pumps
C) Channel proteins
D) Carrier proteins

Question 13

The plasma membrane allows some materials to pass through it but not others. This property make the plasma membrane

A) Impermeable
B) Nonpermeable
C) Permeable
D) Selectively permeable

Question 14

The tendency for ions and molecules to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentrations is

A) Vesicular transport
B) Diffusion
C) Filtration
D) Pumping

Question 15

Which of the following will NOT pass through a plasma membrane by diffusion?

A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Steroid hormones
D) Calcium ions

Question 16

In a solution of sugar and water, which of the following is true?

A) Sugar is the solvent and water is the solution
B) Sugar is the solute and water is the solvent
C) Sugar is the solvent and water is the solute
D) Sugar and water are both solutes

Question 17

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called

A) Pumping
B) Diffusion
C) Osmosis
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 18

Rapid movement of water through the plasma membrane occurs through water channels called

A) Integrins
B) Aquaporins
C) Cadherins
D) Phospholipids

Question 19

If a red blood cell is placed in an isotonic solution, the red blood cell will

A) Crenate
B) Lyse
C) Remain unchanged

Question 20

If a slice of potato is placed in a salt solution and in an hour, the potato slice is shriveled, the salt solution was ______ to the potato.

A) Isosmotic
B) Hyperosmotic
C) Hyposmotic

Question 21

A patient is taken to the emergency room with dehydration due to stomach upset. What type of IV solution would be given to rehydrate the patient?

A) Isotonic
B) Hypertonic
C) Hypotonic

Question 22

The use of protein molecules to move non-lipid-soluble molecules and ions through the plasma membrane is called

A) Osmosis
B) Diffusion
C) Lysis
D) Mediated transport

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mediated transport?

A) Osmotic
B) Saturation
C) Specificity
D) Competition

Question 24

A transport protein that provides a tunnel through the membrane that is specific for what can enter is called a

A) Carrier protein
B) Channel protein
C) Glycoprotein
D) ATP-powered pump

Question 25

Movement of one specific ion or molecule across a plasma membrane using a carrier protein is called

A) Uniport
B) Symport
C) Antiport
D) Semiport

Question 26

An antiporter moves

A) Two or more different substances in the same direction across the membrane
B) One substance across the membrane
C) Two or more different substances in opposite directions across the membrane
D) Substances from areas of lower to higher concentration

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT true of ATP-powered pumps?

A) They use energy from the breakdown of ATP
B) Can move substances against the concentration gradient
C) It is also called active transport
D) They have only one binding site

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT true of vesicular transport?

A) Uses transport proteins to move materials through the plasma membrane
B) Vesicular transport into a cell is called endocytosis
C) Vesicular transport requires ATP
D) Vesicular transport out of cells is called exocytosis

Question 29

Movement of solid particles such as bacteria into macrophages is accomplished by

A) Pinocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Exocytosis
D) Mediated transport

Question 30

Insulin is taken up by cells through the process of

A) Pinocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Exocytosis
D) Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 31

The process that a cell would use to transport materials out of the cell would be

A) Pinocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Exocytosis
D) Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a role played by microtubules in the cell?

A) Support the cytoplasm
B) Define the shape of the cell
C) Assist in cell division
D) Forming cilia and flagella

Question 33

The cytoskeleton component responsible for cell shape and movement are

A) Microtubules
B) Intermediate filaments
C) Inclusions
D) Microfilaments

Question 34

Microfilaments are composed of

A) Tubulin
B) Actin
C) Colloid
D) Phospholipids

Question 35

Glycogen granules, hemoglobin and melanin are examples of

A) Cytoplasmic inclusions
B) Cytoskeleton
C) Organelles
D) Membrane proteins

Question 36

Structures within the cell that perform specific functions are called

A) Cytoplasmic inclusions
B) Cytoskeleton
C) Organelles
D) Membrane proteins

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT associated with the nucleus of a cell?

A) A double membrane with pores
B) Contains nucleoplasm
C) Contains chromatin
D) A single membrane with pores

Question 38

The chromosomes and associated proteins are in the form known as _____ when the cell is not dividing.

A) Chromatids
B) Histones
C) Chromatin
D) Chromosomes

Question 39

The structure involved in making ribosomes is the

A) Chromatin
B) Nucleolus
C) Mitochondrion
D) Lysosome

Question 40

Ribosomes are made from

A) rRNA and protein
B) rRNA and monosaccharides
C) Protein and glucose
D) DNA and protein

Question 41

The function of ribosomes is to

A) Produce energy
B) Digest materials
C) Make proteins
D) Direct cell activities

Question 42

The series of membranous sacs and channels throughout the cytoplasm are called

A) Mitochondria
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Ribosomes

Question 43

What cell organelle is responsible for lipid and carbohydrate synthesis and detoxification of chemicals?

A) Rough ER
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Smooth ER
D) Nucleolus

Question 44

The function of the Golgi apparatus is to

A) Make proteins for cell use
B) Package and modify proteins and lipids
C) Detoxify chemicals
D) Produce ATP from glucose

Question 45

Secretory vesicles are formed from the

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Mitochondrion
C) Lysosomes
D) Ribosomes

Question 46

Which organelle functions in intracellular digestion?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Mitochondrion
C) Lysosomes
D) Ribosomes

Question 47

Which organelle functions to break down fatty acids, amino acids and hydrogen peroxide?

A) Proteasomes
B) Centrioles
C) Lysosomes
D) Peroxisomes

Question 48

What is the function of proteasomes?

A) Breakdown proteins within the cell
B) Breakdown glucose for energy
C) Assemble amino acids to make proteins
D) Assemble RNA and protein to make ribosomes

Question 49

What is the function of mitochondria?

A) Breakdown proteins within the cell
B) Production of ATP for cellular energy
C) Assemble amino acids to make proteins
D) Assemble RNA and protein to make ribosomes

Question 50

The inner membrane folds in mitochondria are called

A) Cisternae
B) Vesicles
C) Cristae
D) Villi

Question 51

The centrioles are responsible for producing the ______ that facilitate chromosome movement during cell division.

A) Actin fibers
B) Spindle fibers
C) Microfilaments
D) Cristae

Question 52

Which cell extensions are "eyelash-like" structures that are capable of movement?

A) Microvilli
B) Flagella
C) Centrosomes
D) Cilia

Question 53

Which cell extension is a long whip-like structure?

A) Microvilli
B) Flagellum
C) Centrosomes
D) Cilia

Question 54

Which cell extensions allow for increased surface area for absorption or secretion?

A) Microvilli
B) Flagella
C) Centrosomes
D) Cilia

Question 55

Three consecutive nucleotides on DNA that contain the genetic code are called

A) Codons
B) Anticodons
C) Bases
D) Triplets

Question 56

All the triplets necessary to make a functional RNA or protein is called a/an

A) Codon
B) Chromosome
C) Gene
D) Intron

Question 57

If the DNA sequence is GATAAC, the mRNA sequence will be

A) GATAAC
B) CTATTG
C) UTATTU
D) CUAUUG

Question 58

What occurs in posttranscriptional processing?

A) Introns are removed from mRNA
B) Various exons are combined
C) Exons are removed from mRNA
D) Various introns are combined

Question 59

What occurs during alternative splicing?

A) Introns are removed from mRNA
B) Various exons are combined
C) Exons are removed from mRNA
D) Various introns are combined

Question 60

The three nucleotide sequence in mRNA is a

A) Codon
B) Anticodon
C) Base
D) Triplet

Question 61

The process of assembling proteins using the mRNA code is called

A) Translation
B) Mitosis
C) Transcription
D) Respiration

Question 62

Which amino acid comes from the "start" codon?

A) Proline
B) Arginine
C) Methionine
D) Serine

Question 63

The function of tRNA in translation is to

A) Align the mRNA on the ribosome
B) Copy the DNA to mRNA
C) Catalyze a peptide bond between amino acids
D) Bring specific amino acids to the mRNA on the ribosomes

Question 64

Posttranslational processing involves

A) Cleaving off a piece to shorten the protein
B) Adding polysaccharides to the protein
C) Joining two or more amino acid chains to make a larger protein
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 65

The products of mitosis are

A) Two different haploid cells
B) Four identical haploid cells
C) Two identical diploid cells
D) Four different diploid cells

Question 66

Which of the following events does NOT occur during interphase?

A) Centrioles replicate
B) Chromosomes shorten and thicken
C) DNA replicates
D) DNA exists as chromatin

Question 67

Which event of mitosis is mismatched with its phase?

A) Prophase - centromere splits
B) Metaphase - chromosomes line up down the center of the cell
C) Anaphase - chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell
D) Telophase - nuclear envelop reforms around chromatin

Question 68

Which of the following is the correct order of mitosis phases?

A) Interphase, prophase, telophase, metaphase
B) Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
C) Anaphase, prophase, interphase, telophase
D) Metaphase, telophase, prophase, anaphase

Question 69

Cytokinesis begins during

A) Telophase
B) Prophase
C) Anaphase
D) Interphase

Question 70

The nuclear membrane and nucleoli disappear during

A) Metaphase
B) Prophase
C) Telophase
D) Anaphase

Question 71

Individual, replicated DNA are called

A) Centromeres
B) Chromosomes
C) Chromatin
D) Chromatids

Question 72

The process by which cells change and specialize is called

A) Differentiation
B) Postmitotic processing
C) Replication
D) None of the choices are correct

Question 73

All cells synthesize the same kinds of molecules.

Question 74

The main component of the plasma membrane is cholesterol.

Question 75

The hydrophobic end of a phospholipid faces the inside of the bilayer.

Question 76

Glycoproteins are important as attachment proteins.

Question 77

Integrins act in both attachment and cellular communication.

Question 78

Small lipid-soluble molecules will generally move through the plasma membrane by using membrane channels.

Question 79

Once an equilibrium is established from a concentration gradient, there is not more movement of molecules.

Question 80

Water can diffuse through the lipid portion of the plasma membrane.