Deck 25: Development and Genetics

Question 1

Which of the following is the time between conception and birth?

A) Embryotic period
B) Fetal period
C) Prenatal period
D) Adolescence

Answer 1

Prenatal period

Question 2

Which of the following is the developing human from fertilization until the 8^th week of life?

A) Embryo
B) Blastocyst
C) Fetus
D) All of these are correct

Answer 2

Embryo

Question 3

Which of the following is the developing human from the 8^th week of life until birth?

A) Embryo
B) Blastocyst
C) Fetus
D) All of these are correct

Answer 3

Fetus

Question 4

Which of the following is the union of the sperm cell and secondary oocyte?

A) Differentiation
B) Fertilization
C) Implantation
D) All of these are correct

Question 5

Which of the following is the first cell in the new individual?

A) Blastocyst
B) Morula
C) Gastrocyst
D) Zygote

Question 6

What is the layer of granulosa cells that surrounds the secondary oocyte?

A) Zona pellucida
B) Corona radiata
C) Chorion
D) None of the above is correct

Question 7

What is the extracellular membrane that surrounds the secondary oocyte?

A) Zona pellucida
B) Corona radiata
C) Chorion
D) None of the above is correct

Question 8

When the first sperm enters the oocyte plasma membrane, the plasma membrane depolarizes and causes the glycoproteins to denature in which of the following structures?

A) Zona pellucida
B) Corona radiata
C) Chorion
D) None of the above is correct

Question 9

The entrance of the sperm into the secondary oocyte causes which of the following events?

A) Mitosis
B) First meiotic division
C) Second meiotic division
D) Destruction of the oocyte

Question 10

What is the final event that ends fertilization?

A) First meiotic division
B) Destruction of the sperm
C) Zona pellucida expansion
D) Fusion of the sperm's pronucleus and the oocyte's pronucleus

Question 11

Which of the following terms is used to describe the ability of a cell in the embryo to develop into any type of tissues?

A) Pluripotent
B) Differentiation
C) Totipotent
D) None of these is correct

Question 12

If a totipotent cell is separated from an embryo, which of the following would develop?

A) Identical twin
B) Embryo death
C) Cancer
D) All of these are correct

Question 13

Which of the following terms is used to describe specialization within a cell of an embryo?

A) Pluripotent
B) Differentiation
C) Totipotent
D) None of these is correct

Question 14

Which of the following terms is used to describe the ability of a cell in the embryo to develop into a wide range of tissues but NOT all types of tissues?

A) Pluripotent
B) Differentiation
C) Totipotent
D) None of these is correct

Question 15

Which of the following is the structure that is a solid ball of 12 or more cells?

A) Blastocyst
B) Morula
C) Gastrocyst
D) Zygote

Question 16

Which of the following is an embryo that is hollow sphere of cells with a fluid-filled cavity?

A) Blastocyst
B) Morula
C) Gastrocyst
D) Zygote

Question 17

What is the fluid-filled cavity in the center of the blastocyst?

A) Inner cell mass
B) Blastocele
C) Trophoblast
D) All of these are correct

Question 18

What is the single layer that surrounds the fluid-filled cavity of the blastocyst?

A) Inner cell mass
B) Blastocele
C) Trophoblast
D) All of these are correct

Question 19

What is the multiple cell layer that surrounds the fluid-filled cavity of the blastocyst only on one end?

A) Inner cell mass
B) Blastocele
C) Trophoblast
D) All of these are correct

Question 20

A monozygotic twin is which one of the commonly termed twins?

A) Fraternal twin
B) Maternal twin
C) Identical twin
D) None of the above is correct

Question 21

A dizygygotic twin is which one of the commonly termed twins?

A) Fraternal twin
B) Maternal twin
C) Identical twin
D) None of the above is correct

Question 22

Which of the following is the burrowing of the blastocyst into the uterine wall?

A) Differentiation
B) Fertilization
C) Implantation
D) None of the above is correct

Question 23

Which of the following is the structure that is involved in implantation?

A) Blastocyst
B) Morula
C) Gastrocyst
D) Zygote

Question 24

Which of the following forms the outer layer of the blastocyst as it implants into the uterine wall?

A) Syncytiotrophoblast
B) Cytotrophoblast
C) Inner cell mass
D) None of the above is correct

Question 25

What is the organ of nutrient and waste product exchange between the mother and embryo?

A) Morula
B) Trophoblast
C) Endometrium
D) None of the above is correct

Question 26

Which of the following forms the embryonic placenta?

A) Amnion
B) Yolk sac
C) Chorion
D) All of these are correct

Question 27

What is the hormone that the chorion secretes which maintains the corpus luteum?

A) Insulin
B) Human chorionic gonadotropin
C) Progesterone
D) Oxytocin

Question 28

Which of the following is the hormone that is used in pregnancy testing?

A) Human chorionic gonadotropin
B) TSH
C) Estrogen
D) Oxytocin

Question 29

Which of the following becomes a endocrine gland by the third month of pregnancy?

A) Spleen
B) Intestinal tract
C) Placenta
D) None of these is correct

Question 30

Which of the following is a protective extraembryonic membrane?

A) Blastocele
B) Amnion
C) Inner cell mass
D) Placenta

Question 31

Which of the following is the fluid that surrounds the embryo?

A) Yolk
B) Blastocele
C) Urine
D) Amniotic fluid

Question 32

What does the inner cell mass develop into after the formation of the amnion?

A) Blastocele
B) Embryonic disk
C) Morula
D) Placenta

Question 33

Which of the following is an extraembryonic membrane?

A) Yolk sac
B) Placenta
C) Inner cell mass
D) Blastocele

Question 34

Which of the following is the process that involves formation of a three germ layer embryo?

A) Differentiation
B) Gastrulation
C) Implantation
D) None of the above is correct

Question 35

Which one of the following is NOT a germ layer?

A) Mesoderm
B) Protoderm
C) Endoderm
D) Ectoderm

Question 36

Which of the following is derived from the mesoderm?

A) Brain
B) Urinary bladder
C) Epidermis of skin
D) Muscles

Question 37

Which of the following is derived from the ectoderm?

A) Gastrointestinal tract
B) Urinary bladder
C) Epidermis of skin
D) Muscles

Question 38

Which of the following results from the neural plate as it folds and fuses?

A) Notochord
B) Neural crest
C) Neural tube
D) None of the above is correct

Question 39

Which of the following is the brain and spinal cord derived from?

A) Mesoderm
B) Protoderm
C) Endoderm
D) Neuroectoderm

Question 40

Which of the following is derived from the somitomeres?

A) Muscles of the head
B) Kidneys
C) Peripheral nervous system
D) All of the above are correct

Question 41

From which of the following does the digestive tract pinch off?

A) Yolk sac
B) Chorion
C) Allantois
D) Amnion

Question 42

Which of the following is derived from the oropharyngeal membrane?

A) Mouth
B) Anus and urethra
C) Lungs
D) All of the above are correct

Question 43

Which of the following is derived from the cloacal membrane?

A) Mouth
B) Anus and urethra
C) Lungs
D) All of the above are correct

Question 44

Which of the following is derived from the allantois?

A) Heart
B) Urinary bladder
C) Rectum
D) None of the above is correct

Question 45

Which of the following is derived from evaginations of the early digestive tract?

A) Mammary glands
B) Penis
C) Pancreas
D) None of the above is correct

Question 46

Which of the following is derived from evaginations of the early digestive tract?

A) Tongue
B) Lungs
C) Spleen
D) None of the above is correct

Question 47

Which of the following develops from pharyngeal pouches?

A) Liver
B) Thymus
C) Pancreas
D) None of the above is correct

Question 48

The pericardial, pleural and peritoneal cavities are derived from which of the following structures?

A) Evagination
B) Branchial arches
C) Oropharyneal membrane
D) Coelom

Question 49

Which of the following develops from the frontonasal process?

A) Forehead
B) Lungs
C) Gonads
D) Teeth

Question 50

Which of the following is derived from the nasal placodes?

A) Trachea
B) Aorta
C) Nose
D) Tonsils

Question 51

Which of the following is the process that involves formation of organs?

A) Organogenesis
B) Gastrulation
C) Implantation
D) None of the above is correct

Question 52

Which of the following is the correct germ layers from which the skin develops?

A) Epidermis - ectoderm, dermis - endoderm
B) Epidermis - ectoderm, dermis - mesoderm
C) Epidermis - mesoderm, dermis - ectoderm
D) Epidermis - endoderm, dermis - ectoderm

Question 53

Which of the following is the source of the skull bones and appendicular skeleton?

A) Ectoderm
B) Endoderm
C) Mesoderm
D) None of the above is correct

Question 54

Which of the following is the embryonic cell that develops into the muscle fiber?

A) Neural crest cells
B) Hematoblasts
C) Myoblasts
D) Lymphoblasts

Question 55

Which of the following is the embryonic cell that develops into the nervous system?

A) Neural crest cells
B) Hematoblasts
C) Myoblasts
D) Lymphoblasts

Question 56

The prosencephalon divides into which of the following?

A) Telencephalon and diencephalon
B) Mesencephalons
C) Metencephalon and myelencephalon
D) None of the above is correct

Question 57

The rhombencephalon divides into which of the following?

A) Telencephalon and diencephalon
B) Mesencephalons
C) Metencephalon and myelencephalon
D) None of the above is correct

Question 58

The cerebrum develops from which of the following?

A) Telencephalon
B) Mesencephalon
C) Metencephalon
D) None of the above is correct

Question 59

The midbrain is derived from which of the following?

A) Telencephalon
B) Mesencephalon
C) Metencephalon
D) None of the above is correct

Question 60

The pons develops from which of the following?

A) Telencephalon
B) Mesencephalon
C) Metencephalon
D) None of the above is correct

Question 61

The cerebellum develops from which of the following?

A) Telencephalon
B) Mesencephalon
C) Metencephalon
D) None of the above is correct

Question 62

The medulla oblongata is derived from which of the following?

A) Telencephalon
B) Mesencephalon
C) Myelencephalon
D) None of the above is correct

Question 63

The olfactory bulb develops from which of the following?

A) Telencephalon
B) Diencephalon
C) Myelencephalon
D) None of the above is correct

Question 64

The eyes develops from evaginations which of the following?

A) Telencephalon
B) Diencephalon
C) Metencephalon
D) None of the above is correct

Question 65

The lens of the eye is derived from which of the following?

A) Ectoderm
B) Endoderm
C) Mesoderm
D) None of the above is correct

Question 66

What is the origin of the sensory part of the ear?

A) Ectoderm
B) Endoderm
C) Mesoderm
D) None of the above is correct

Question 67

The posterior pituitary gland is derived from which of the following?

A) Telencephalon
B) Diencephalon
C) Myelencephalon
D) None of the above is correct

Question 68

What is the origin of the adrenal cortex?

A) Ectoderm
B) Endoderm
C) Mesoderm
D) None of the above is correct

Question 69

What is origin of the blood vessels and blood cells?

A) Yolk sac
B) Chorion
C) Allantois
D) Amnion

Question 70

Which of the following are the blood vessels derived from?

A) Ectoderm
B) Endoderm
C) Mesoderm
D) None of the above is correct

Question 71

Which of the following develops into the lungs?

A) Duodenum
B) Lung buds
C) Allantois
D) None of the above is correct

Question 72

The kidneys are derived from which of the following?

A) Ectoderm
B) Endoderm
C) Mesoderm
D) None of the above is correct

Question 73

Which of the following develops into the kidneys?

A) Mesonephros
B) Endonephros
C) Pronephros
D) All of the above are correct

Question 74

Which of the following develops from the primordial germ cells?

A) Gut and liver
B) Sperm cells and oocytes
C) Lungs and heart
D) Pancreas and spleen

Question 75

Which of the following is the tunnel through which the testes descend into the scrotum?

A) Anus
B) Ureters
C) Umbilical cord
D) Inguinal canals

Question 76

Which of the following do the mesonephric ducts develop into in males?

A) Epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate gland
B) Kidney and ureters
C) Penis and scrotum
D) Urethra and anus

Question 77

Which of the following do the paramesonephric ducts develop into in males?

A) Epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate gland
B) Kidney and ureters
C) Urethra and anus
D) None of the above is correct

Question 78

Which of the following do the mesonephric ducts develop into in females?

A) Uterine tubes, uterus and vagina
B) Kidney and ureters
C) Pancreas and spleen
D) None of the above is correct

Question 79

Which of the following do the paramesonephric ducts develop into in females?

A) Uterine tubes, uterus and vagina
B) Kidney and ureters
C) Urethra and anus
D) None of the above is correct

Question 80

Which of the following do (does) the genital tubercle and genital folds develop into in males?

A) Epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate gland
B) Kidney and ureters
C) Penis
D) Scrotum