Deck 19: Lymphatic System and Immunity

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system?

A) Lymph vessels
B) Pancreas
C) Spleen
D) Tonsils

Answer 1

Pancreas

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system which helps to maintain homeostasis?

A) Fluid balance
B) Body defense against microorganisms
C) Protein absorption from the digestive tract
D) All of these are functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 2

Protein absorption from the digestive tract

Question 3

When interstitial fluid enter the lymphatic capillaries, what is this fluid called?

A) Blood
B) Lymph
C) Serous fluid
D) None of the above is correct

Answer 3

Lymph

Question 4

Which of the following are lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat?

A) Hepatic portal veins
B) Mesenteric veins
C) Lacteals
D) None of these is correct

Question 5

In what direction does lymph flow?

A) Interstitial space to the blood
B) Blood to the interstitial space
C) Blood to the intestinal tract
D) Intestinal tract to the blood

Question 6

Which of the following lymphatic vessels is located in the tissues?

A) Lymphatic capillary
B) Lymphatic vein
C) Right lymphatic duct
D) Thoracic duct

Question 7

Which of the following lymphatic vessels has internal valves?

A) Lymphatic capillary
B) Lymphatic vessel
C) Right lymphatic duct
D) Thoracic duct

Question 8

Which of the following vessel pairs are correctly matched?

A) Right lymphatic duct - right jugular vein
B) Right lymphatic duct - left subclavian vein
C) Thoracic duct - left jugular vein
D) Thoracic duct - left subclavian vein

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a lymphatic organ?

A) Pancreas
B) Thymus
C) Spleen
D) All of these organs are lymph organs

Question 10

What is the primary cell in lymphatic organs?

A) Neutrophil
B) Red blood cell
C) Lymphocyte
D) Smooth muscle

Question 11

What are the lymphatic nodules that are found in the small intestine and appendix?

A) Spleen
B) Peyer's patches
C) Lacteals
D) Tonsils

Question 12

What is the name of the lymphatic nodules and diffuse lymphatic tissue located in the posterior pharynx?

A) Pancreas
B) Spleen
C) Epiglottis
D) Tonsils

Question 13

Which of the following is a bean-shaped lymph structure that is distributed along lymph vessels?

A) Tonsils
B) Peyer's patch
C) Lymph node
D) None of the these are correct

Question 14

Which of the following vessels are lymph nodes connected to?

A) Veins
B) Arteries
C) Capillaries
D) None of the these are correct

Question 15

Superficial groups or clusters of lymph nodes are located in all of the following regions EXCEPT

A) Axillary
B) Pulmonary
C) Cervical
D) Inguinal or groin

Question 16

What are the two regions of a lymph node?

A) Apex and base
B) Superficial and deep
C) Sinus and nodule
D) Cortex and medulla

Question 17

Which of the following describes the correct flow of lymph through a lymph node?

A) Afferent lymphatic vessel, lymph node, efferent lymphatic vessel
B) Efferent lymphatic vessel, lymph node, afferent lymphatic vessel
C) Afferent lymphatic vessel, efferent lymphatic vessel, lymph node
D) All of the above are correct

Question 18

What are the two types of lymphatic tissues found in the spleen?

A) Cortex and medulla
B) Red and white pulps
C) White and gray matter
D) Loose and dense connective tissues

Question 19

Which of the following splenic regions is correctly matched with its tissue type?

A) Red pulp - venous sinuses
B) White pulp - dense connective tissue
C) Cortex - lymphatic tissue
D) None of the above is correct

Question 20

What is the blood component filtered out by the spleen?

A) Old lymphocytes
B) Old macrophages
C) Old red blood cells
D) Old neutrophils

Question 21

Which of the following is a lymphatic organ found in the superior thoracic cavity?

A) Tonsils
B) Spleen
C) Lymph node
D) Thymus

Question 22

What are the two types of lymphatic tissues found in the thymus lobules?

A) Cortex and medulla
B) Red and white pulps
C) White and gray matter
D) Loose and dense connective tissues

Question 23

Which of the following cells maturate in the thymus?

A) Macrophages
B) B lymphocytes
C) Thrombocytes
D) T lymphocytes

Question 24

What two types of immunities does the body have?

A) Primary and secondary
B) Innate and adaptive
C) All or none
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of adaptive immunity?

A) Specificity
B) Memory
C) Evolving
D) All of these are characteristics of adaptive immunity

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT part of innate immunity?

A) Memory
B) Complement
C) Skin
D) Inflammation

Question 27

What are defined as the mechanical mechanisms of the innate immunity?

A) White blood cells
B) Complement
C) Skin and mucous membranes
D) None of the above are correct

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a part of the chemical mediators of innate immunity?

A) Mucus
B) Interferon
C) Histamine
D) All of these are part of the chemical mediators of innate immunity

Question 29

When the C3 protein combines with a bacterial cell or virus and the complement cascade is activated, this activation of complement is described as the

A) Alternative pathway
B) Classical pathway
C) Nonspecific pathway
D) Both classical and alternative pathways

Question 30

What is the name of the complex that causes cells to rupture when complement is activated?

A) Membrane lysis complex
B) Membrane attack complex
C) Osmotic membrane complex
D) None of the above are correct

Question 31

Which of the following causes the protective effect of interferon on neighboring cells?

A) Secrete of cytokines
B) Lease of lysozymes into the interstitial fluid
C) Production of antiviral proteins
D) None of the above are correct

Question 32

Which of the following cells is NOT involved in innate immunity?

A) Eosinophils
B) Macrophages
C) Natural killer cells
D) All of the above are involved in innate immunity

Question 33

What is the accumulation of dead neutrophils, dead microorganisms, debris from dead tissue, and fluid in damaged tissue?

A) Pus
B) Blister
C) Vacule
D) None of the above is correct

Question 34

What are the large phagocytic cells that enter the tissue during the late stage of an infection?

A) Eosinophils
B) Natural killer cells
C) Macrophages
D) Mast cells

Question 35

Which of the following is an effect of the inflammatory response in damaged or infected tissue?

A) Vasodilation of blood vessels
B) Chemotaxis of phagocytes into the area
C) Increased vascular permeability
D) All of the above are seen in an inflammatory response

Question 36

Which of the following is seen in a systemic inflammation?

A) Coughing
B) Bloodshot eyes
C) Fever
D) Cancer

Question 37

Which of the following is caused by an adaptive response to cat dander?

A) Infection
B) Allergic reaction
C) Shock
D) Autoimmune disease

Question 38

Which of the following is caused by an adaptive response to self-antigens?

A) Infection
B) Allergic reaction
C) Shock
D) Autoimmune disease

Question 39

Which of the following is correctly matched?

A) Antibody-mediated immunity - T cells
B) Cell-mediated immunity - T cells
C) Cell-mediated immunity - antibodies
D) All of the above are correct

Question 40

Which of the following is classified as an effector T cell?

A) Delayed hypersensitivity cell
B) Helper T cell
C) Suppressor T cell
D) All of the above are effector T cells

Question 41

Which of the following is classified as a regulatory T cell?

A) Delayed hypersensitivity cell
B) Helper T cell
C) Cytotoxic T cell
D) All of the above are regulatory T cells

Question 42

What is the process that eliminates B and T lymphocytes against self-antigens?

A) Clonal selection
B) Positive selection
C) Negative selection
D) Both positive and negative selection

Question 43

When an antigen stimulates B or T cells, these B or T cells produce identical lymphocytes which are called

A) Clones
B) Antibodies
C) Stem cells
D) Neutrophils

Question 44

Which of the following is the part of the antigen that is recognized by a B or T lymphocyte?

A) Antigenic determinant
B) Antibody
C) Antigen receptor
D) Minor histocompatibility complex molecule

Question 45

Which one of the following molecules present antigens to immune cells?

A) Major histocompatibility complex class I molecules
B) Major histocompatibility complex class II molecules
C) Major histocompatibility complex class III molecules
D) Minor histocompatibility complex class I molecules

Question 46

Which of the following is a co-stimulation molecule that is needed to have a response to an antigen?

A) Histamine
B) Interferon
C) Interleukin-1
D) None of the above are co-stimulation molecules

Question 47

What is the name of the CD4 or T4 cell?

A) Delayed hypersensitivity T cell
B) Helper T cell
C) Cytotoxic T cell
D) Plasma cell

Question 48

What is the name of the CD8 or T8 cell?

A) Delayed hypersensitivity T cell
B) Helper T cell
C) Cytotoxic T cell
D) Plasma cell

Question 49

Which of the following molecules causes helper T cells to divide?

A) Interleukin-1
B) Interferon
C) Interleukin-2
D) Interleukin-3

Question 50

Which of the following is needed to activate antibody-mediated immunity?

A) Helper T cell
B) Plasma cell
C) Cytotoxic T cell
D) All of the above are responsible

Question 51

Which of the following is an antibody producing cell?

A) Delayed hypersensitivity T cell
B) Helper T cell
C) Cytotoxic T cell
D) Plasma cell

Question 52

Tolerance to an antigen is induced by which of the following processes?

A) Activation of suppressor T cells
B) Elimination of self-reactive lymphocytes
C) Prevention of the activation of lymphocytes
D) All of the above induce tolerance

Question 53

Antibody-mediated immunity involves the production of antibodies by which of the following cells?

A) B cells
B) T cells
C) Natural killer cells
D) Macrophages

Question 54

Which of the following describes the structure of an antibody?

A) Two heavy chains and one light chain
B) Two heavy chains and two light chains
C) One heavy chain and two light chains
D) None of the above is correct

Question 55

What part of an antibody combines with an antigen?

A) Constant region
B) Alpha region
C) Variable region
D) Gamma region

Question 56

Which of the following is another name for an antibody?

A) Interleukin-1
B) Immunoglobulin
C) Gamma globulin
D) Both immunoglobulin and gamma globulin are correct

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a class of antibody?

A) IgA
B) IgC
C) IgG
D) All of the above are correct

Question 58

When an antibody combines with an antigen, which of the following is NOT an effect?

A) Release of inflammatory chemicals
B) Inactivation of the antigen
C) Phagocytosis of the antigen
D) All of the above are effects

Question 59

Which of the following is produced from a B cell that is stimulated by an antigen?

A) Memory B cells
B) Plasma cells
C) Antibodies
D) All of the above are produced by a B cell in respond to an antigen

Question 60

Which of the following is the time needed to produce antibodies by a B cell?

A) 1 - 2 days
B) 3 - 14 days
C) 11 - 22 days
D) None of the above is correct

Question 61

What is the cell that is responsible for a cell-mediated response to an antigen?

A) Memory B cell
B) Plasma cell
C) Cytotoxic T cell
D) All of the above are responsible

Question 62

Which of the following infections is cell-mediated immunity NOT effective against?

A) Viruses
B) Fungus
C) Parasites
D) All of the above are correct

Question 63

Which of the following is controlled by cell-mediated immunity?

A) Ulcers
B) Cancers
C) Tooth decay
D) All of the above are controlled by cell-mediated immunity

Question 64

What activates a cytotoxic T cell against a virus infected cell?

A) Memory B cell
B) Suppressor T cell
C) MHC class I/viral antigen complex
D) All of the above are needed to activated a cytotoxic T cell

Question 65

What is the co-stimulation molecule that activates cytotoxic T cells?

A) Helper T cell direct contact
B) Interleukin-2
C) Histamine
D) All of the above are needed for co-stimulation of cytotoxic T cells

Question 66

Which of the following is produced in a cell-mediated immune response?

A) Memory T cell
B) Plasma cell
C) Cytotoxic T cell
D) Both cytotoxic T cells and memory T cells are produced in a cell-mediated immune response

Question 67

What is the cell that is responsible for a secondary cell-mediated immune response to an antigen?

A) Memory T cell
B) Plasma cell
C) Helper T cell
D) All of the above are responsible

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT a major effect of cytotoxic T cells?

A) Lysis of target cell
B) Production of cytokines
C) Production of antibodies
D) All of the above are effects of cytotoxic T cells

Question 69

Which of the following cells is the cause of an allergic reaction like poison ivy reaction?

A) Delayed hypersensitivity T cell
B) Helper T cell
C) Cytotoxic T cell
D) Plasma cell

Question 70

What is the type of immunity caused by antibodies produced by another person or animal that is transferred to a nonimmune individual?

A) Active immunity
B) Passive immunity
C) Autoimmunity
D) All of the above are correct

Question 71

Which of the following immunities is caused by a disease-causing bacteria that causes disease symptoms in the patient?

A) Passive artificial immunity
B) Passive natural immunity
C) Active natural immunity
D) Active artificial immunity

Question 72

Which of the following immunities is caused by a vaccine?

A) Passive artificial immunity
B) Passive natural immunity
C) Active natural immunity
D) Active artificial immunity

Question 73

Which of the following immunities is caused by antibodies being passed from the mother's blood across the placenta into the fetus' blood?

A) Passive artificial immunity
B) Passive natural immunity
C) Active natural immunity
D) Active artificial immunity

Question 74

Which of the following immunities is caused by an antiserum injection for a snake bite?

A) Passive artificial immunity
B) Passive natural immunity
C) Active natural immunity
D) Active artificial immunity

Question 75

The lymph node is a type of lymph vessel.

Question 76

The spleen protects the body from bacteria that enter the nasal and oral cavities.

Question 77

Lymph nodes filter blood of bacteria and other foreign substances.

Question 78

The germinal centers of lymph nodes contain lymphocytes.

Question 79

The spleen is a fist-sized lymphatic organ located in the left abdominal cavity.

Question 80

The thymus decreases in size after the age of 60 years old.