Deck 17: The Heart

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the heart which helps to maintain homeostasis?

A) Routing blood
B) Generating blood pressure
C) Regulating blood supply
D) All of these are functions of the heart

Answer 1

All of these are functions of the heart

Question 2

The heart is located in the

A) Thoracic cavity between the lungs
B) Abdominal cavity between the stomach and liver
C) Pelvic cavity between the bladder and rectum
D) Thoracic cavity between the kidneys

Answer 2

Thoracic cavity between the lungs

Question 3

The heart is surrounded by this sac

A) Peritoneum
B) Meninges
C) Pleura
D) Pericardium

Answer 3

Pericardium

Question 4

What membrane covers the surface of the heart?

A) Fibrous pericardium
B) Visceral pericardium
C) Parietal pericardium
D) None of these membranes are the covering of the heart's surface

Question 5

The heart wall is composed of three layers. Which of the following is NOT a layer of the heart wall?

A) Endocardium
B) Intercardium
C) Epicardium
D) Myocardium

Question 6

What is the name of the heart wall layer that forms the inner surface of the heart chamber?

A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Endocardium
D) Pericardium

Question 7

What are the muscular ridges that are found in the atria of the heart?

A) Trabeculae carneae
B) Pectinate muscles
C) Chordae tendineae
D) All of the above are muscular ridges in the atria of the heart

Question 8

The heart consists of

A) Two ventricles
B) Two atria
C) Two atria and two ventricles
D) Two atria and one ventricle

Question 9

What are the veins that carry blood to the heart?

A) Pulmonary veins
B) Inferior vena cava
C) Superior vena cava
D) All of these veins carry blood to the heart

Question 10

What are the two arteries that carry blood away from the heart?

A) Superior vena cava and aorta
B) Pulmonary trunk and aorta
C) Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary vein
D) Pulmonary trunk and inferior vena cava

Question 11

The right atrium receives blood from which of the following veins?

A) Superior vena cava
B) Inferior vena cava
C) Coronary sinus
D) All of these veins carry blood to the right atrium

Question 12

What are the blood vessels that carry blood to the left atrium?

A) Pulmonary veins
B) Pulmonary arteries
C) Superior and inferior vena cava
D) All of these blood vessels carry blood to the left atrium

Question 13

Which one of the following is a depression in the right atrium that was the former opening between the left and right atria of the fetal heart?

A) Ductus arteriosus
B) Chordae tendineae
C) Fossa ovalis
D) None of the these are correct

Question 14

What is the function of heart valves?

A) To separate the ventricles
B) To make sure that blood flows in both directions in the ventricles
C) To create turbulence in the ventricles
D) To prevent backflow of blood and ensure one-way flow of blood in the heart

Question 15

Which of the following are heart valves?

A) Atrioventricular valves
B) Semilunar valves
C) Sinoatrial valves
D) Both the atrioventricular and semilunar valves

Question 16

What is the name of the right atrioventricular valve?

A) Bicuspid valve
B) Pulmonary semilunar valve
C) Tricuspid valve
D) All of the above are correct

Question 17

What is the name of the cone-shaped muscular pillars in the ventricles?

A) Pectinate muscles
B) Papillary muscles
C) Bicuspid valve
D) Chordae tendineae

Question 18

What are the string-like structures that attach the atrioventricular valves to the heart wall?

A) Chordae tendineae
B) Pectinate muscles
C) Coronary sinuses
D) Ductus arteriosus

Question 19

Which semilunar valve separates the left ventricle and the aorta?

A) Pulmonary semilunar valve
B) Aortic semilunar valve
C) Atrioventricular valve
D) Papillary valve

Question 20

When the ventricles contract

A) The atrioventicular valves open and the semilunar valves open
B) The atrioventicular valves open and the semilunar valves close
C) The atrioventicular valves close and the semilunar valves open
D) The atrioventicular valves close and the semilunar valves close

Question 21

Which of the following is the correct flow of blood as blood moves from the body, through the heart, to the lungs?
1.Pulmonary semilunar valve
2.Pulmonary trunk
3.Right atrium
4.Right ventricle
5.Superior and inferior vena cava
6.Tricuspid valve

A) 5,3,6,4,1,2
B) 2,1,4,6,3,5
C) 5,3,4,6,1,2
D) 2,3,6,4,1,5

Question 22

Which of the following is the correct flow of blood as blood moves from the lungs, through the heart, to the body?
Aortic semilunar valve Aorta
Bicuspid valve
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Pulmonary veins

A) 5,3,6,4,1,2
B) 2,1,5,3,4,6
C) 6,4,3,5,1,2
D) 6,4,5,3,2,1

Question 23

What two arteries do the left coronary artery branch into?

A) Anterior and posterior interventricular arteries
B) Posterior interventricular and circumflex arteries
C) Anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 24

What areas of the heart are supplied by the left coronary artery?

A) Right atrium, left ventricle and left posterior ventricle
B) Left atrium, left ventricle and right anterior ventricle
C) Right atrium, left ventricle and right posterior ventricle
D) Right atrium, right ventricle and left posterior ventricle

Question 25

Blood is drained from the heart muscle by which of the following blood vessels?

A) Coronary arteries
B) Superior vena cava
C) Pulmonary veins
D) Coronary sinus

Question 26

What are the two myofilaments that are found in cardiac muscle?

A) Actin and fibrin
B) Fibrin and myosin
C) Actin and collagen
D) None of the above are correct

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a part of the cardiac muscle action potential?

A) Depolarization
B) Plateau phase of repolarization
C) Final repolarization phase
D) All of these are part of the action potential in cardiac muscle

Question 28

During depolarization, which of the following ion channels open?

A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Hydrogen
D) Both sodium and potassium channels open

Question 29

During depolarization,

A) Sodium channels open, potassium channels open and calcium channels open
B) Sodium channels open, potassium channels close and calcium channels open
C) Sodium channels close, potassium channels open and calcium channels open
D) None of the above are correct

Question 30

During final repolarization,

A) Sodium channels close, potassium channels open and calcium channels open
B) Sodium channels open, potassium channels close and calcium channels close
C) Sodium channels close, potassium channels open and calcium channels close
D) None of the above are correct

Question 31

Absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle extends from depolarization into the

A) Early repolarization phase
B) Plateau phase of repolarization
C) Final repolarization phase
D) None of the above is correct

Question 32

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A) Purkinje fibers
B) Atrioventricular node
C) Atrioventricular valve
D) Sinoatrial node

Question 33

When the SA node depolarizes and the heart contracts, which one of the following is directly determined by the SA node?

A) Heart rate
B) Peripheral resistance
C) Pulmonary rate
D) Vasoconstriction

Question 34

What ion is primarily responsible for the depolarization of the SA node of the heart?

A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Chloride
D) Calcium

Question 35

When the SA node depolarizes, which of the following heart chambers contracts first?

A) Right and left ventricles
B) Right and left atria
C) Right atria and right ventricle
D) Left atria and left ventricle

Question 36

What part of the conducting system of the heart delays the transmission of the action potential to allow the atria to contract before the ventricles?

A) Purkinje fibers
B) AV bundles
C) AV node
D) SA node

Question 37

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures in the heart's conducting system?
1.AV bundles
2.AV node
3.Purkinje fibers
4.SA node

A) 1,2,3,4
B) 4,2,3,1
C) 4,2,1,3
D) 2,4,1,3

Question 38

Which one of the following conditions is life threatening?

A) Sinus rhythm
B) Ventricular fibrillation
C) AV block
D) Bradycardia

Question 39

Which one of the following conditions is a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute?

A) Sinus rhythm
B) Ventricular fibrillation
C) AV block
D) Bradycardia

Question 40

Which one of the following waves would be seen in a normal ECG?

A) P wave
B) T wave
C) QRS complex
D) All of the above would be seen in a normal ECG

Question 41

What wave of the ECG represents ventricular depolarization?

A) P wave
B) T wave
C) QRS complex
D) All of the above would represent ventricular depolarization in an ECG

Question 42

What wave of the ECG represents ventricular repolarization?

A) P wave
B) T wave
C) QRS complex
D) All of the above would represent ventricular depolarization in an ECG

Question 43

During the PR interval,

A) The ventricles contract
B) The atria contract
C) The atria and ventricles are at rest
D) Both the atria and ventricles contract

Question 44

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during ventricular systole?
AV valves close
Blood is ejected into the pulmonary trunk and aorta
Semilunar valves open
Ventricles begin to relax and enter into ventricular diastole
Ventricles contract and blood pressure in ventricles increase

A) 4,2,3,1,5
B) 5,2,3,1,4
C) 5,1,3,2,4
D) 4,1,3,5,2

Question 45

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during ventricular diastole? When ventricular blood pressure become less than atrial pressure, AV valves open
Atria contract and force their blood into the ventricles
Semilunar valves close
Ventricles relax and blood pressure in ventricles decrease

A) 4,3,1,2
B) 2,3,1,4
C) 1,3,2,4
D) 4,1,3,2

Question 46

Which one of the following events does NOT occur during ventricular systole?

A) Ventricular pressure increases
B) AV valves close
C) Semilunar valves open
D) All of these events occur during ventricular systole

Question 47

Which one of the following events does NOT occur during ventricular diastole?

A) Ventricular pressure decreases
B) AV valves close
C) Semilunar valves close
D) All of these events occur during ventricular diastole

Question 48

Which one of the following is the highest blood pressure in the aorta?

A) Pulmonary pressure
B) Systolic pressure
C) Diastolic pressure
D) None of the above are the highest blood pressure in the aorta

Question 49

What is the approximate diastolic blood pressure in the aorta?

A) 272 mm Hg
B) 120 mm Hg
C) 80 mm Hg
D) 25 mm Hg

Question 50

Which of the following is responsible for the first heart sound of "lubb"?

A) Aortic semilunar valve closing
B) Tricuspid valve closing
C) Pulmonary semilunar valve closing
D) Both the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves closing

Question 51

Which of the following is responsible for the second heart sound of "dupp"?

A) Aortic semilunar valve closing
B) Tricuspid valve closing
C) Pulmonary semilunar valve closing
D) Both the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves closing

Question 52

What is the cause of heart murmurs?

A) An elevated systolic blood pressure
B) Faulty heart valves
C) AV block
D) None of the above are correct

Question 53

An incompetent bicuspid valve causes

A) Pulmonary edema
B) Peripheral edema
C) Hypotension
D) Arrhythmia

Question 54

The mean arterial pressure is determined by

A) MAP=SVXHR
B) MAP=SVXPR
C) MAP=COXPR
D) MAP=COXHR

Question 55

The cardiac output is affected by all of the following EXCEPT

A) Peripheral resistance
B) Heart rate
C) Stroke volume
D) All of the above affect the cardiac output

Question 56

What is the law that states an increase in the resting length of a cardiac muscle fiber will result in a greater force of contraction of a cardiac muscle fiber?

A) All-or-none law of cardiac muscle
B) Ohm's law of the heart
C) Starling's law of the heart
D) Boyle's law of the heart

Question 57

Which one of the following extrinsic factors decreases heart rate?

A) Epinephrine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Sympathetic stimulation
D) Parasympathetic stimulation

Question 58

Blood pressure is monitored in the aorta by pressure receptors called

A) Photoreceptors
B) Baroreceptors
C) Meissner's corpuscles
D) None of the above are correct

Question 59

When blood pressure increases, which one of the following events occur?

A) Increased sympathetic stimulation of heart with increased heart rate
B) Increased parasympathetic stimulation of heart with decreased heart rate
C) Increased sympathetic stimulation of heart with decreased heart rate
D) None of the above are correct

Question 60

Which one of the following is increased when the adrenal glands release epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A) Heart rate
B) Stroke volume
C) Blood pressure
D) All of the above are increase with epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 61

Which one of the following chemicals has no effect on the heart rate?

A) PH
B) Oxygen
C) Nitrogen
D) All of the above are required for blood clotting

Question 62

What is the effect of a significant decrease in oxygen on the heart?

A) Increased heart rate
B) Decreased heart rate
C) No change in heart rate

Question 63

What is the effect of increased oxygen on the heart?

A) Increased heart rate
B) Decreased heart rate
C) No change in heart rate

Question 64

What is the effect of increased carbon dioxide on the heart?

A) Increased heart rate
B) Decreased heart rate
C) No change in heart rate

Question 65

What is the effect of increased pH on the heart?

A) Increased heart rate
B) Decreased heart rate
C) No change in heart rate

Question 66

What is the effect of decreased potassium ion on the heart?

A) Increased heart rate
B) Decreased heart rate
C) No change in heart rate

Question 67

What is the effect of increased calcium ion on the heart?

A) Increased heart rate
B) Decreased heart rate
C) No change in heart rate

Question 68

What is the effect of decreased temperature on the heart?

A) Increased heart rate
B) Decreased heart rate
C) No change in heart rate

Question 69

Which one of the following is a change in the heart that is associated with age?

A) Hypertrophy of the heart
B) Increased maximum heart rate
C) Increased cardiac output
D) All of the above are seen in elderly people

Question 70

Which one of the following is a change in the heart that is associated with age?

A) Arrhythmias of the heart
B) Decreased maximum heart rate
C) Decreased cardiac output
D) All of the above are seen in elderly people

Question 71

The heart forms a partition with the trachea and esophagus called the mediastinum.

Question 72

The heart is the size of your closed fist.

Question 73

The base of the heart is the rounded point of the lower heart.

Question 74

The auricles are the primary receiving chambers of the heart.

Question 75

The pulmonary trunk divides into the left and right pulmonary veins and carries blood to the lungs.

Question 76

The atria are chambers that receive blood from the veins.

Question 77

The left and right ventricles are separated by the interatrial septum.

Question 78

The left atrioventricular valve is called the bicuspid or mitral valve.

Question 79

The heart is supplied with blood from the coronary sinuses.

Question 80

The heart is supplied with blood from the blood that flows through it.