Deck 11: Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

Question 1

The spinal cord begins at the level of the

A) First cervical vertebra
B) Foramen magnum
C) Second lumbar vertebra
D) Brain stem

Answer 1

Foramen magnum

Question 2

The nerves arising from the inferior lumbosacral enlargement form the

A) Conus medullaris
B) Filum terminale
C) Posterior horns
D) Cauda equina

Answer 2

Cauda equina

Question 3

What area of the spinal cord is used to inject anesthetics for childbirth and other applications?

A) Epidural space
B) Subdural space
C) Subarachnoid space
D) Suprapial space

Answer 3

Epidural space

Question 4

What area of the spinal cord contains cerebrospinal fluid?

A) Epidural space
B) Subdural space
C) Subarachnoid space
D) Suprapial space

Question 5

The thecal sac is formed around the spinal cord by the

A) Pia mater
B) Dura mater
C) Arachnoid mater

Question 6

What structures help to anchor the spinal cord within the subarachnoid space?

A) Conus medullaris and pia mater
B) Denticulate ligaments and cauda equina
C) Filum terminale and denticulate ligaments
D) Filum terminale and thecal sac

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE about spinal cord structure?

A) Gray matter inside, white matter outside and a ventral sensory root
B) Gray matter inside, white matter outside and a dorsal sensory root
C) Gray matter outside, white matter inside and a ventral motor root
D) Gray matter outside, white matter inside and a dorsal motor root

Question 8

White matter of each halve of the spinal cord is organized into

A) Three columns which are divided into tracts
B) Three horns which are divided into tracts
C) Three columns which are divided into horns
D) Three fasciculi which are divided into funiculi

Question 9

The gray matter of each halve of the spinal cord is divided into

A) Three columns
B) Three fasciculi
C) Three horns
D) Three funiculi

Question 10

The dorsal spinal nerve root is

A) Motor and has no ganglion
B) Motor and has a ganglion
C) Sensory and has no ganglion
D) Sensory and has a ganglion

Question 11

The cell bodies of motor neurons to skeletal muscles are located in the

A) Posterior gray horns
B) Lateral gray horns
C) Anterior gray horns
D) Gray commissure

Question 12

The cell bodies of motor neurons to autonomic effectors are located in the

A) Posterior gray horns
B) Lateral gray horns
C) Anterior gray horns
D) Gray commissure

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures in a reflex arc?

A) Effector organ, motor neuron, interneuron, sensory neuron, sensory receptor
B) Interneuron, sensory neuron, motor neuron, sensory receptor, effector organ
C) Sensory receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector organ
D) Sensory receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron, effector organ

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT true of the stretch reflex?

A) The sensory receptor is the muscle spindle
B) Stretching the muscle results in a contraction of the muscle
C) Helps control posture and the knee-jerk reflex
D) Uses a three-neuron arc

Question 15

The activation of Golgi tendon organs will cause a muscle to

A) Relax
B) Contract
C) Quiver
D) Spasm

Question 16

Pulling the arm back from a hot pan is an example of a ______ reflex.

A) Stretch
B) Withdrawal
C) Golgi tendon
D) Autonomic

Question 17

The connective tissue wrap around an axon and its Schwann cell sheath is the

A) Epineurium
B) Perineurium
C) Endoneurium
D) Dermaneurium

Question 18

The connective tissue wrap that surrounds many axons to form a fascicle is the

A) Epineurium
B) Perineurium
C) Endoneurium
D) Dermaneurium

Question 19

The connective tissue wrap the surrounds many fascicles to form a nerve is the

A) Epineurium
B) Perineurium
C) Endoneurium
D) Dermaneurium

Question 20

Which spinal nerve type and number are correctly matched?

A) Cervical - 7
B) Thoracic - 10
C) Lumbar - 5
D) Sacral - 1

Question 21

The area of the skin supplied by a pair of sensory nerves is called a(an)

A) Plexus
B) Dermatome
C) Ramus
D) Rootlet

Question 22

The division of a spinal nerve is called a(an)

A) Plexus
B) Dermatome
C) Ramus
D) Rootlet

Question 23

Which spinal nerve ramus innervates the posterior of the body?

A) Dorsal
B) Lateral
C) Ventral
D) Anterior

Question 24

The ventral rami in the thoracic region form the

A) Thoracic plexus
B) Thoracic trunks
C) Intercostal nerves
D) Phrenic nerve

Question 25

Which plexus is NOT correctly matched to its spinal nerve makeup?

A) Cervical plexus - C1 to C4
B) Brachial plexus - C5 to T1
C) Lumbar plexus - T10 to L5
D) Sacral plexus - L4 to S4
E) Coccygeal plexus - S5 to Co

Question 26

Which of the following is the correct sequence of branching of the brachial plexus?

A) 5 roots, 5 nerves, 3 trunks, 6 divisions, 3 cords
B) 5 nerves, 3 cords, 6 divisions, 3 trunks, 5 roots
C) 6 divisions, 5 roots, 5 nerves, 3 cords, 3 trunks
D) 5 roots, 3 trunks, 6 divisions, 3 cords, 5 nerves

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a main nerve of the brachial plexus?

A) Median
B) Phrenic
C) Musculocutaneous
D) Ulnar
E) Radial

Question 28

The major nerves from the lumbar plexus serve the

A) Posterior thigh and leg
B) Anterior thigh and leg
C) Lower back
D) Gluteal region

Question 29

The sciatic nerve comes from the _________ plexus.

A) Coccygeal
B) Sacral
C) Lumbar
D) Thoracic

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a major part of the brain?

A) Diencephalon
B) Cerebrum
C) Pons
D) Brainstem
E) Cerebellum

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT part of the brainstem?

A) Thalamus
B) Pons
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Midbrain

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a function of the medulla oblongata?

A) Regulate heart rate
B) Auditory relay center
C) Regulate blood vessel diameter
D) Regulate breathing

Question 33

What structures on the medulla oblongata accounts for the fact that the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body and visa versa?

A) Colliculus
B) Peduncles
C) Pyramids
D) Recticulate

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pons?

A) Controls chewing and salivation
B) Aides the medulla oblongata in controlling breathing, swallowing and balance
C) Relay between the cerebellum and cerebrum
D) Visual relay center

Question 35

The visual relay centers in the midbrain are the

A) Inferior colliculi
B) Substantia nigra
C) Superior colliculi
D) Red nuclei

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a function of the midbrain?

A) Control of chewing
B) Coordination of eye movement
C) Regulation of general body movements
D) Control of pupil diameter and lens shape

Question 37

What structure plays a major role in consciousness and sleep-wake cycles?

A) Limbic system
B) Corpora quadrigemina
C) Reticular activating system
D) Cerebral peduncles

Question 38

The cerebellum is connected to the pons by the

A) Superior cerebellar peduncles
B) Middle cerebellar peduncles
C) Inferior cerebellar peduncles
D) Folia

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a part of the cerebellum?

A) Vermis
B) Lateral hemispheres
C) Corpora quadrigemina
D) Flocculonodular lobe

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebellum?

A) Controls balance and eye movements
B) Controls posture, locomotion and fine motor coordination
C) Origin of impulses to skeletal muscle
D) Planning, practicing and learning complex movements

Question 41

All sensory impulses except for smell are relayed through the

A) Hypothalamus
B) Epithalamus
C) Thalamus
D) Subthalamus

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a function of the thalamus?

A) Regulation of skeletal muscles
B) Limbic system and emotions
C) Perception of pain
D) Control of the autonomic nervous system

Question 43

What part of the diencephalon is involved with emotional and visceral responses to odors?

A) Subthalamus
B) Habenular nuclei
C) Thalamus
D) Pineal body

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

A) Body temperature control
B) Autonomic nervous system control
C) Mood and emotions
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

A) Control heart rate and respiration
B) Control of thirst and hunger
C) Circadian rhythms
D) Regulates the pituitary gland

Question 46

What part of the hypothalamus are involved in emotional responses to odors, olfactory reflexes and memory?

A) Infundibulum
B) Mammillary bodies
C) Suprachiasmatic nucleus
D) Optic chiasm

Question 47

What divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres?

A) Central sulcus
B) Lateral fissure
C) Longitudinal fissure
D) Transverse fissure

Question 48

Raised folds on the surface of the cerebrum are called

A) Gyri
B) Sulci
C) Fissures
D) Lobes

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the cerebrum?

A) Parietal
B) Insula
C) Temporal
D) Frontal
E) Vermis

Question 50

Which lobe is correctly matched with its general functions?

A) Frontal lobe - abstract thought and judgment
B) Parietal lobe - reception and evaluation of sensory information
C) Temporal lobe - smell, hearing, memory
D) Occipital lobe - vision

Question 51

What structure separates the frontal from the parietal lobe?

A) Longitudinal fissure
B) Transverse fissure
C) Central sulcus
D) Lateral fissure

Question 52

The white matter of the cerebrum is the

A) Cerebral cortex
B) Insula
C) Cerebral medulla
D) Basal nuclei

Question 53

What type of fibers connect areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere?

A) Association fibers
B) Commissural fibers
C) Projection fibers
D) Cerebral peduncles

Question 54

What type of fibers connect one hemisphere to the other?

A) Association fibers
B) Commissural fibers
C) Projection fibers
D) Cerebral peduncles

Question 55

What type of fibers are continuations of the fibers in the spinal cord?

A) Association fibers
B) Commissural fibers
C) Projection fibers
D) Cerebral peduncles

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a basal nucleus?

A) Substantia nigra
B) Caudate nucleus
C) Mammillary bodies
D) Lentiform nucleus

Question 57

What system is involved in basic survival functions and emotions?

A) Reticular activating system
B) Limbic system
C) Circadian system
D) None of the choices is correct

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a part of the limbic system?

A) Cingulate gyrus
B) Auditory cortex
C) Olfactory cortex
D) Dentate nucleus of the hippocampus
E) Amygdala

Question 59

What is found within the dural sinuses of the brain?

A) Venous blood
B) Arterial blood
C) Cerebrospinal fluid
D) Serous fluid

Question 60

What are the fluid-filled spaces of the brain called?

A) Aqueducts
B) Subdural spaces
C) Ventricles
D) Sulci

Question 61

What structure connects the third and fourth ventricles?

A) Interventricular foramina
B) Median aperture
C) Septum pellucidum
D) Cerebral aqueduct

Question 62

Which ventricle is associated with the diencephalon?

A) Lateral ventricles
B) Third ventricle
C) Fourth ventricle
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 63

What is found in the subarachnoid space?

A) Cerebrospinal fluid
B) Serous fluid
C) Venous blood
D) Air

Question 64

Where does cerebrospinal fluid return to the blood supply?

A) Ependymal cells
B) Choroid plexuses
C) Arachnoid granulations into the dural sinuses
D) Cerebral aqueduct

Question 65

Which cranial nerve is NOT purely sensory in function?

A) Optic
B) Accessory
C) Olfactory
D) Vestibulocochlear

Question 66

Which cranial nerve is NOT involved with taste?

A) Trigeminal
B) Glossopharyngeal
C) Vagus
D) Facial

Question 67

Which cranial nerve is the major sensory nerve from the face?

A) Trigeminal
B) Facial
C) Hypoglossal
D) Abducens

Question 68

Which cranial nerve is the major motor nerve for facial expressions?

A) Trigeminal
B) Facial
C) Hypoglossal
D) Abducens

Question 69

Which cranial nerve does NOT carry parasympathetic fibers?

A) Oculomotor
B) Facial
C) Accessory
D) Glossopharyngeal

Question 70

Which cranial nerve leaves the head and neck region to supply the internal viscera?

A) Hypoglossal
B) Accessory
C) Trigeminal
D) Vagus

Question 71

Facial (Bell) palsy is caused by a lesion to the _____ nerve.

A) Trigeminal
B) Facial
C) Hypoglossal
D) Abducens

Question 72

Tic douloureux is caused by a lesion to the ____________ nerve.

A) Trigeminal
B) Facial
C) Hypoglossal
D) Abducens

Question 73

Loss of balance and equilibrium could be due to a lesion to the _____ nerve.

A) Optic
B) Vestibulocochlear
C) Oculomotor
D) Hypoglossal

Question 74

Difficulty in rotating the neck could be due to a lesion to the _____ nerve.

A) Vagus
B) Hypoglossal
C) Glossopharyngeal
D) Accessory

Question 75

What nerve is generally used for dental anesthesia of the lower jaw?

A) Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve
B) Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
C) Maxillary branch of the facial nerve
D) Mandibular branch of the facial nerve

Question 76

The corneal reflex is mediated by the

A) Eyes
B) Midbrain
C) Pons
D) Medulla oblongata

Question 77

The gag reflex is mediated by the

A) Throat
B) Midbrain
C) Pons
D) Medulla oblongata

Question 78

There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves attached to the spinal cord.

Question 79

White matter tracts of the spinal cord carry sensory information up to the brain and motor information down from the brain.

Question 80

A reflex is a stereotypic, unconscious, voluntary response to a stimulus.