Deck 10: Race And Ethnicity

Question 1

__________ occurs when a minority group is blamed for others' failures and shortcomings.

A) Self-fulfilling prophecy
B) Justice
C) Prejudice
D) Stereotyping
E) Scapegoating

Answer 1

E

Question 2

More than 60% of the undocumented immigrants in the United States are from

A) Canada.
B) Ireland.
C) China.
D) Mexico.
E) Cuba.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Skin color,hair texture,and eye shape are examples of _____ characteristics.

A) material
B) cultural
C) physical
D) ethnic
E) geographic

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Around the world,males are an example of a/n

A) minority group.
B) majority group.
C) dominant group.
D) subordinate group.
E) principal group.

Question 5

This chapter opens with a brief description of a study in which the researchers submitted 5,000 fake résumés to potential employers.The résumés with names that sounded white received _____ callbacks for interviews than those with names that sounded African American.

A) 10 percent more
B) 25 percent more
C) 50 percent more
D) 25 percent fewer
E) 10 percent fewer

Question 6

The number of undocumented immigrants in the United States has _____ since the 1980s.

A) increased
B) decreased
C) stayed the same
D) fluctuated
E) remained steady

Question 7

For social scientists,race is a(n)

A) social construct.
B) personality trait.
C) temporary characteristic.
D) variable trait.
E) myth.

Question 8

Jackson's family is Jewish.This self-identification reflects Jackson's

A) ethnicity.
B) race.
C) assimilation.
D) immigrant group.
E) racism.

Question 9

In 1960,the majority of U.S.immigrants came from _____; today the majority comes from _____.

A) Europe; Europe
B) Europe; Asia and Latin America
C) Latin America; Europe and Asia
D) Mexico; Europe
E) Mexico; Asia

Question 10

A/n _____ is a group of people who may be subject to differential and unequal treatment because of their physical,cultural,or other characteristics.

A) minority
B) majority
C) dominant
D) subordinate
E) principal

Question 11

_____ refers to a group of people who share physical characteristics that are passed on through reproduction.

A) Gender
B) Ethnicity
C) Racism
D) Race
E) Racial-ethnic group

Question 12

A/n _____ is a set of people who identify with a common national origin or cultural heritage.

A) racial group
B) ethnic group
C) gender group
D) immigration group
E) family

Question 13

About _____ of the human body's 35,000 genes determine the color of a person's skin.

A) 6 percent
B) 16 percent
C) 26 percent
D) 36 percent
E) 12 percent

Question 14

A/n _____ is any physically or culturally distinctive group that has the most economic and political power.

A) popular group
B) apartheid group
C) dominant group
D) majority group
E) principle group

Question 15

Isaac's family is from Africa.They immigrated to the United States when Isaac was very young.He identifies himself as "black." This self-identification reflects Isaac's

A) ethnicity.
B) race.
C) assimilation.
D) immigrant group.
E) racism.

Question 16

Recall the research described at the beginning of the chapter.In their study,the researchers submitted 5,000 fake résumés to potential employers.The applicants whose names sounded African American received fewer callbacks for interviews

A) across both genders.
B) among manual occupations only.
C) among office work only.
D) among semiprofessional occupations only.
E) across all occupations and all industries.

Question 17

Language,geographic roots,traditions,and religion are all components of

A) assimilation.
B) colonialism.
C) ethnicity.
D) race.
E) apartheid.

Question 18

When Danielle,the owner of a large apartment complex,was deciding whom to rent an open apartment to,she immediately disregarded the application of 84-year-old Mildred because Danielle does not rent apartments to old women.Danielle's treatment of Millie is an example of:

A) stereotyping.
B) individual discrimination.
C) negative contact.
D) institutional discrimination.
E) social constructs.

Question 19

The apartheid system is South Africa is an example where

A) the majority was the dominant group.
B) the minority was the dominant group.
C) the majority was the minority group.
D) the minority was the minority group.
E) the dominant group was the majority

Question 20

Race refers to _____ characteristics; ethnicity refers to _____ characteristics.

A) familial; cultural
B) familial; emotional
C) physical; emotional
D) physical; cultural
E) cultural; physical

Question 21

One of the most common domestic examples of _____ is the slavery of Africans in the United States.

A) genocide
B) internal colonialism
C) segregation
D) assimilation
E) pluralism

Question 22

________ is the process of conforming to the dominant group's culture.

A) Genocide
B) Internal colonialism
C) Segregation
D) Assimilation
E) Pluralism

Question 23

Izzy thinks that blacks are born with lower intelligence than others.Izzy's beliefs illustrate

A) scapegoating.
B) prejudice.
C) discrimination.
D) pluralism.
E) ethnocentrism.

Question 24

A country experiences ___ when there are no dominant groups because all groups share power and other resources equally.

A) genocide
B) internal colonialism
C) segregation
D) assimilation
E) pluralism

Question 25

The process of conforming to the culture of the dominant group is called

A) genocide.
B) assimilation.
C) segregation.
D) assimilation.
E) pluralism.

Question 26

_____ is a way of thinking about racial groups that justifies social,economic and political differences between racial groups.

A) Stereotypes
B) Racism
C) Prejudice
D) Discrimination
E) Pluralism

Question 27

Many racial and ethnic groups live peacefully side by side.Doing so illustrates

A) ethnocentrism.
B) assimilation.
C) voluntary self-segregation.
D) internal colonialism.
E) pluralism.

Question 28

___ refers to the process of a dominant group absorbing minority groups.

A) Adaption
B) Acculturation
C) Adjustment
D) Assimilation
E) Amendment

Question 29

"All African Americans are athletic." This statement is an example of

A) a stereotype.
B) racism.
C) prejudice.
D) discrimination.
E) pluralism.

Question 30

Internal colonialism often manifests itself in

A) segregation.
B) apartheid.
C) genocide.
D) assimilation.
E) pluralism.

Question 31

_____ is/are a set of beliefs which claim that one's own racial group is "naturally" superior to other groups.

A) Stereotypes
B) Racism
C) Prejudice
D) Discrimination
E) Pluralism

Question 32

In the dominant-minority group relations continuum,___ is lowest on both tolerance and equality.

A) genocide
B) internal colonialism
C) segregation
D) assimilation
E) pluralism

Question 33

Systematic attempts to destroy members of particular minority groups is called

A) genocide.
B) internal colonialism.
C) segregation.
D) assimilation.
E) pluralism.

Question 34

____ refers to a minority group retaining its culture but having an equal standing in society.

A) Genocide
B) Internal colonialism
C) Segregation
D) Assimilation
E) Pluralism

Question 35

_____ segregation,or legal segregation,has been declared unconstitutional,but _____ segregation has replaced this form of segregation in the United States.

A) De facto; de jure
B) De jure; de facto
C) De jure; de inform
D) De facto; de legal
E) De ipso; de facto

Question 36

The physical and social separation of dominant and minority groups is called

A) genocide.
B) internal colonialism.
C) segregation.
D) assimilation.
E) pluralism.

Question 37

Which country is the most multicultural in the world?

A) Canada
B) Mexico
C) England
D) The United States
E) China

Question 38

_____ is/are an oversimplification or exaggerated generalization about a category of people.

A) Stereotypes
B) Racism
C) Prejudice
D) Discrimination
E) Pluralism

Question 39

_____ is a positive or negative attitude toward people because of their group membership.

A) Stereotyping
B) Racism
C) Prejudice
D) Discrimination
E) Pluralism

Question 40

In the dominant-minority group relations continuum,___ is highest on both tolerance and equality.

A) genocide
B) internal colonialism
C) segregation
D) assimilation
E) pluralism

Question 41

A sociologist who criticizes immigrants for not quickly becoming American is likely a/n

A) functionalist.
B) conflict theorist.
C) symbolic interactionist.
D) feminist theorist.
E) immigrationist.

Question 42

_____ is an action that treats people unequally or unfairly because of their group membership.

A) Prejudice
B) Scapegoating
C) Cultural relativism
D) Ethnocentrism
E) Discrimination

Question 43

_____ contend that racial and ethnic women often experience a "double whammy" of inequality.

A) Functionalists
B) Conflict theorists
C) Symbolic interactionists
D) Feminist theorists
E) Gender theorists

Question 44

In _____,minority group members experience unequal treatment and opportunities due to the everyday operations of a society's laws,rules,policies,practices and customs.

A) individual discrimination
B) institutional discrimination
C) everyday discrimination
D) prejudice
E) scapegoating

Question 45

Dominant groups benefit from immigrants quickly assimilating in a society because assimilation bolsters the economy.This statement illustrates the perspective of

A) functionalists.
B) conflict theorists.
C) symbolic interactionists.
D) feminist theorists.
E) immigrationists.

Question 46

_____ is a belief that one's own culture,society,or group is inherently superior to others.

A) Cultural relativism
B) Ethnocentrism
C) Pluralism
D) Assimilation
E) Discrimination

Question 47

Pam was inviting children to her daughter's birthday party.She invited all of her neighbors,except the new family,the Chos,who recently moved from South Korea.By not inviting the Cho family,Pam exhibited

A) narrow-mindedness.
B) discrimination.
C) stereotyping.
D) scapegoating.
E) prejudice.

Question 48

_____ racism is the combined and cumulative effects of inequality due to racism and sexism.

A) Institutional
B) Individual
C) Sexist
D) Gendered
E) De facto

Question 49

Mason does not consider himself a prejudiced person.However,when his friends joined a country club that excludes racial minorities,Mason joined also.According to Merton,Mason is a/n

A) "active bigot."
B) "timid bigot."
C) "fair-weather liberal."
D) "all-weather liberal."
E) "passive bigot."

Question 50

While on vacation,Jose went to a local restaurant for lunch.Before he sat down,the owner came out from behind the counter and told Jose to leave the restaurant because his "kind aren't welcome." This is an example of

A) prejudice.
B) individual discrimination.
C) institutional discrimination.
D) gendered racism.
E) holistic discrimination.

Question 51

Natalie is a prejudiced person who actively discriminates against other groups.According to Merton,Natalie is a/n

A) "active bigot."
B) "timid bigot."
C) "fair-weather liberal."
D) "all-weather liberal."
E) "passive bigot."

Question 52

Jocelyn recently applied for an internship.When she was not selected,Jocelyn complained to her friend,"They probably gave the internship to a minority student to fill a quota." Jocelyn's comment is an example of

A) institutional discrimination.
B) individual discrimination.
C) prejudice.
D) scapegoating.
E) ethnocentrism.

Question 53

Stereotypes and ethnocentrism can result in displacing our anger and aggression on _____,individuals or groups whom people blame for their own problems or shortcomings.

A) pluralism
B) racial groups
C) ethnic enclaves
D) scapegoats
E) none of the above

Question 54

_____ discrimination is harmful action directed intentionally on a one-to-one basis by a member of a dominant group against a member of a minority group.

A) Idiosyncratic
B) Isolated
C) Individual
D) Institutional
E) Idiotic

Question 55

Racial hierarchies are supported and perpetuated through economic inequality.This statement represents the views of

A) functionalists.
B) conflict theorists.
C) symbolic interactionists.
D) feminist theorists.
E) exchange theorists.

Question 56

Anish,a single Indian biology professor,went to the local National Bank to apply for a home loan.The banker told Anish that she would not qualify for a loan.According to the bank's policy,the banker explained,minority group members are risky because they are not likely to hold a steady job.This is an example of

A) prejudice.
B) individual discrimination.
C) institutional discrimination.
D) dominant prejudice.
E) scapegoating.

Question 57

Continuous struggles between dominant and minority groups are the focus of which of the following groups of theorists?

A) functionalists
B) conflict theorists
C) symbolic interactionists
D) feminist theorists
E) exchange theorists

Question 58

Tristan is a prejudiced person,but doesn't discriminate.According to Merton,Tristan is a/n

A) "active bigot."
B) "timid bigot."
C) "fair-weather liberal."
D) "all-weather liberal."
E) "passive bigot."

Question 59

Stephanie is not prejudiced against other groups and does not discriminate.According to Merton,Stephanie is a/n

A) "active bigot."
B) "timid bigot."
C) "fair-weather liberal."
D) "all-weather liberal."
E) "passive bigot."

Question 60

Jeremy just returned from a trip to China.When asked about his trip,he replied,"China is dirty and polluted.I'm so glad that I live in the United States,where people respect the environment.Those people just don't get it." Jeremy's statement is an example of

A) cultural relativism.
B) ethnocentrism.
C) pluralism.
D) assimilation.
E) racism.

Question 61

For the first time,the _____ Census allowed individuals to identify themselves as more than one race.

A) 1970
B) 1980
C) 1990
D) 2000
E) 2010

Question 62

The growth of the U.S.Latino population is due mainly to

A) legal immigration.
B) illegal immigration.
C) both legal and illegal immigration.
D) births in the United States.
E) births outside of the United States.

Question 63

Almost _____ of Americans report being only one race.

A) 70 percent
B) 80 percent
C) 89 percent
D) 90 percent
E) 97 percent

Question 64

Middle Eastern Americans tend to be _____ than other Americans.

A) better educated
B) wealthier
C) healthier and wealthier
D) better educated and healthier
E) better educated and wealthier

Question 65

Which one of the following statements about interracial dating and marriage is false?

A) Whites are more likely than blacks and Latinos to disapprove of intermarriage.
B) About 92 percent of all Americans marry someone of the same race.
C) The lower the educational level, the greater the likelihood of intermarriage.
D) Intermarriage is more likely if there is a shortage of potential spouses within one's own social or ethnic group.
E) Intermarriage rates for Latinos and Asian Americans have decreased since 1990.

Question 66

The majority of Latinos in the United States are of _____ heritage.

A) Cuban
B) Puerto Rican
C) Columbian
D) Brazilian
E) Mexican

Question 67

The most common ancestry among European Americans is

A) English.
B) French.
C) Irish.
D) German.
E) Polish.

Question 68

Among Asian American subgroups,which one has the highest annual median household income?

A) Japanese
B) Koreans
C) Filipinos
D) Asian Indians
E) Chinese

Question 69

_____ are the fastest-growing minority group in the United States.

A) Chinese
B) American Indians
C) Latinos
D) Cubans
E) Arabs

Question 70

In the United States,American Indian tribes speak about _____ languages.

A) 50
B) 100
C) 150
D) 200
E) More than 200

Question 71

Despite their small numbers,_____ have recently increased their population through improved life expectancy and increased birth rates.

A) Asian Americans
B) Native Alaskans
C) American Indians
D) Japanese Americans
E) Middle Eastern Americans

Question 72

Which of the following is the largest Asian American group in the United States?

A) Chinese
B) Native Hawaiian
C) Korean
D) Filipino
E) Vietnamese

Question 73

The U.S.Supreme Court's Loving v.Virginia decision overturned laws against

A) discrimination.
B) racism.
C) segregation in education.
D) miscegenation.
E) housing segregation.

Question 74

Approximately _____ of the U.S.population has a European background.

A) 12 percent
B) 24 percent
C) 48 percent
D) 58 percent
E) 84 percent

Question 75

According to the _____ hypothesis,the more members of minority groups that you get to know,the less likely you are to be prejudiced against those groups.

A) symbolic interactionist
B) labeling
C) experience
D) exposure
E) contact

Question 76

In 2010,nearly _____ of all married couples were interracial couples.

A) 1 percent
B) 5 percent
C) 10 percent
D) 12 percent
E) 17 percent

Question 77

Many scholars argue that immigrants,on balance and in the long run

A) take the jobs that native-born Americans want.
B) are bringing down the quality of public schools.
C) bring more costs than benefits.
D) bring more benefits than costs.
E) will be absorbed into the dominant group within a generation.

Question 78

U.S.attitudes about immigration vary,largely depending on

A) the number of illegal immigrants.
B) the social context.
C) the attitudes of politicians.
D) one's gender.
E) one's race.

Question 79

Prejudice and discrimination are learned,and can therefore be unlearned.This statement best illustrates which of the following theoretical perspectives?

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) symbolic interactionist
D) feminist
E) social exchange

Question 80

Of the following statements about African Americans,which one is true?

A) When compared with whites, their gap in educational achievement has increased in the last four decades.
B) They are the least diverse minority group in the United States.
C) They are the only group to have been brought to the United States involuntarily.
D) Most are foreign-born.
E) They live almost exclusively in urban areas.