Deck 7: Gender and Intimate Relationships

Question 1

According to Parsons, the role in which a family member is the economic provider and major decision maker is the

A) expressive role.
B) instrumental role.
C) nuclear role.
D) status role.

Answer 1

instrumental role.

Question 2

The idea that the work world is separate from the family is referred to as

A) the public/private split.
B) the separation hypothesis.
C) dualism theory.
D) marginalization.

Answer 2

the public/private split.

Question 3

Critics of the public/private split argue that

A) the notion applies to full-time homemakers only.
B) this dichotomy was accurate prior to 1900, but became increasingly erroneous.
C) the idea pertains to men, but not women.
D) family members do not, in fact, experience these two spheres as separate.

Answer 3

family members do not, in fact, experience these two spheres as separate.

Question 4

Which of the following has been a result of the recent economic downturn?

A) Men have become unemployed less quickly than women have.
B) Women have lost more jobs than men.
C) The division of labor has not changed in the home despite employment roles.
D) all of the above

Question 5

Stacey's research with working-class families revealed that these households often expand and contract in size as the needs of kin, including "ex-familia," change over time. She calls these households

A) SNAFs.
B) accordion households.
C) domestic partnerships.
D) kinkeeping households.

Question 6

Research on the sexual activity of teenagers indicates that

A) by the age of 19, about 50% of males and females are still virgins.
B) a majority of teenagers say that premarital sex is "always wrong."
C) the gap between the sexual experience of young men and women has closed.
D) the majority of young women report finding sexual intercourse pleasurable.

Question 7

The sexual double standard

A) is no longer common in U.S. society.
B) continues to be applied to males, but not to females.
C) appears to be alive and well in U.S. society.
D) has disappeared as a result of the liberalization of attitudes toward premarital sex.

Question 8

Research has shown that female adolescents who are sexually active are

A) more likely to suffer from depression.
B) feel guilty about their behavior.
C) report positive consequences.
D) both a and b

Question 9

Precise data on individual's sexual identity is difficult because

A) individuals who identify themselves as heterosexual also indicate that they have had sexual activities with someone of the same sex.
B) Many self-identified homosexuals report having a sexual experience with someone of the opposite sex.
C) Many people change their sexual identity over the course of their life.
D) all of the above

Question 10

In ______ the President extended some partnership rights of federal workers in same-sex relationships.

A) 1974
B) 1989
C) 1995
D) 2009

Question 11

In 2008, a Gallop poll reported that ____ percent of Americans stated that same-sex marriage should be legally valid.

A) 65
B) 40
C) 10
D) 25

Question 12

In Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court

A) ruled that the decision to bear a child is part of an individual's constitutionally-protected right to privacy.
B) extended the right to use contraceptives to unmarried persons.
C) guaranteed women the right to an abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy.
D) ruled that parents of minors must at least be informed of their child's intent to obtain an abortion.

Question 13

In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court ruled that

A) women have an absolute right to terminate their pregnancies whenever they choose.
B) the state may not interfere with a woman's right to obtain an abortion at any time during her pregnancy.
C) the state has no authority to prevent a woman from obtaining an abortion during the first trimester of her pregnancy.
D) abortion is permissible only to safeguard a pregnant woman's health.

Question 14

Roe v. Wade was passed in

A) 1960.
B) 1968.
C) 1973.
D) 1982.

Question 15

Edin and Kefals (2007) in their research of poor White teens in Philadelphia found that teens

A) believed that they could succeed and excel in motherhood.
B) did not believe that they were worthy of motherhood.
C) generally all abstained from sexual activity.

Question 16

With respect to new reproductive technologies,

A) the federal government has taken an active role in establishing strict regulations.
B) technological development has clearly outpaced the resolution of ethical dilemmas.
C) research indicates that most procedures are safe and raise no public health concerns.
D) both A and C above

Question 17

It is estimated that ____ percent of married women between the ages of 15 and 44 are infertile.

A) 50
B) 2
C) 7
D) 25

Question 18

Women who are unable to conceive a child or to maintain a pregnancy may also have difficulty utilizing other available options for obtaining a child because

A) these options are often prohibitively expensive.
B) women do not have access to other options.
C) most of these options carry serious health risks to both potential parents.
D) all of the above

Question 19

The first major breakthrough in new reproductive technologies was

A) ZIFT.
B) the birth of a "test tube" baby in 1978.
C) egg donation.
D) that surrogacy was legalized.

Question 20

Historically, a husband's marital obligations are

A) the financial support of his wife.
B) companionship services to his wife.
C) contributing to the care of the household.
D) agreeing to reside wherever his wife determines.

Question 21

Traditionally, sociologists have measured the distribution of power in families by examining

A) decision-making by partners.
B) the family's gross annual income.
C) how much housework each partner performs.
D) how many members of a household are employed outside the home.

Question 22

All of the following are criticisms of the use of decision-making as a measure of marital power
EXCEPT:

A) It treats all decisions as if they are of equal importance.
B) It overemphasizes the right to delegate responsibility for certain decisions to others.
C) It does not take into account social practices so deeply embedded that they require no decision-making.
D) It overlooks the fact that one partner may act as the agent of the more powerful partner.

Question 23

Which of the following is a reason that housework commonly is not considered "real work"?

A) It is not paid work.
B) It is produced for immediate consumption.
C) It is privatized.
D) all of the above

Question 24

Women who work outside the home

A) have husbands who contribute significantly less time to household chores than the husbands of full-time home-makers.
B) spend more time on housework than full-time homemakers.
C) continue to maintain primary responsibility for housework.
D) have maids in the majority of cases.

Question 25

Which of the following is TRUE with regard to the average husband's time spent on housework?

A) Younger husbands tend to do more housework than older husbands.
B) Higher income husbands do less work than lower income husbands.
C) The average husband spends 2 hours a week on housework.
D) Husbands spend most of their housework time on non-daily, non-repetitive tasks.

Question 26

Which of the following has been offered as an advantage for women being the primary caregivers in the family?

A) close bond with children
B) family "kinkeepers"
C) personal autonomy
D) only A and B

Question 27

Research indicates that most men still escape the burdens of family care in favor of

A) extra-marital affairs.
B) attending sporting events.
C) more time on the job.
D) Both A and B are correct.

Question 28

With regard to marriage in the United States, which of the following is true?

A) One half will end within eight years.
B) The overwhelming majority of marriages involve first-time brides.
C) The divorce rate has dropped considerably in recent years.
D) none of the above

Question 29

In comparison with single mothers, single fathers are

A) better educated.
B) more likely to be employed full-time.
C) more likely to be at least middle-class.
D) all of the above

Question 30

In deciding custody, most courts today

A) favor awarding sole custody to the mother.
B) favor joint custody arrangements.
C) utilize the standard of maternal deference.
D) have abandoned the best interests of the child standard.

Question 31

The "tender years" presumption

A) was adopted by the courts around the turn of the 20th century.
B) holds that a young child needs to be with its mother.
C) resulted in a dramatic shift in custody decisions against fathers and for mothers.
D) all of the above

Question 32

The biggest problem facing most single mothers is

A) lack of friend networks.
B) lack of help from family.
C) the U.S. legal system.
D) money.

Question 33

No-fault divorce

A) requires that one partner sue the other for violation of the marriage contract.
B) has done little to alleviate the conflict and stress that characterizes most divorce cases.
C) is available only in a minority of states.
D) has contributed substantially to increases in the number of female-headed households living in poverty.
E) all of the above

Question 34

The poverty of many minority female-headed families is best characterized as _______ poverty.

A) event-driven
B) new
C) reshuffled
D) subcultural

Question 35

Singlehood today is

A) being prolonged largely in response to changes in the economy, which have made it more difficult for young people to earn a wage adequate to establish an independent household.
B) increasingly becoming a permanent lifestyle for men, but not for women.
C) growing more popular because of the widespread image of the "swinging single."
D) declining in popularity as evidenced by the steady drop in the median age of first marriage for both males and females.

Question 36

Studies of divorce indicate that one of the best predictors of the relative well-being of divorced women and men is

A) their race/ethnicity.
B) the economic independence of the individual spouses.
C) their educational backgrounds.
D) none of the above

Question 37

Analyses of gender differences in the divorce experience show that

A) men in all socioeconomic groups are more likely than women to experience a drop in financial status following divorce.
B) the most difficult period for men occurs prior to the couple's separation.
C) women are quicker to remarry following divorce than men are.
D) following divorce, women adjust psychologically and emotionally better than men do.

Question 38

Domestic partnership may be defined as

A) homosexuals living together.
B) egalitarian marriage partners.
C) friends who share a dwelling place.
D) cohabitating intimate partners who are unmarried.

Question 39

Most heterosexual domestic partnerships in the United States

A) are composed primarily of couples under 25 years old.
B) last from 5 to 10 years duration.
C) end prior to the birth of children to the cohabiting partners.
D) are composed of women and men who previously were married.

Question 40

Research indicates __________percent of the population is homosexual.

A) 2
B) 6
C) 10
D) It is difficult to determine due to a variety of factors.

Question 41

Gay and lesbian domestic partners encounter the greatest acrimony and resistance to equal treatment in the area of

A) employment benefits.
B) health insurance coverage.
C) parental rights.
D) privacy rights.

Question 42

Gays and lesbians

A) report levels of relationship satisfaction that are less than those of heterosexual men and women.
B) report the value of equality between partners.
C) are unwilling to form committed intimate relationships.
D) none of the above

Question 43

Recent research indicates that abused women have difficulty escaping abusive marriages because

A) they may have difficulty finding alternative housing.
B) they may not be able to support themselves.
C) shelters might not be a viable option.
D) all of the above

Question 44

Research indicates that spouse abuse is most likely caused by

A) lack of education among abusers.
B) low income among abusers.
C) alcohol or drug abuse.
D) psychological maladjustment within abusers.
E) none of the above

Question 45

Research indicates when there is a dual domestic violence arrest

A) women are more likely to need medical attention and show signs of physical injury.
B) men are more likely to need medical attention and show signs of physical injury.
C) both men and women require medical assistance.
D) none of the above

Question 46

All of the following are cultural factors that contribute to the high incidence of spouse abuse in the United States EXCEPT:

A) a legal history of positively sanctioned wife beating.
B) a high rate of mental illness among U.S. men.
C) commonly-held attitudes of wife beating as acceptable behavior in marriage.
D) the notion of family privacy.

Question 47

Research indicates that

A) the relationship between alcohol abuse and domestic violence is causal.
B) excessive drinking is a contributing factor to domestic violence in that it serves to excuse or justify battering.
C) the majority of batterers are alcoholics.
D) there is no relationship between alcohol abuse and domestic violence.

Question 48

The Violence Against Women Act was passed in

A) 1992.
B) 1994.
C) 1996.
D) 1998.

Question 49

The Federal Violence Against Women Act in 1994

A) increased funding for battered women's shelters.
B) mandated harsher penalties for batterers.
C) made crossing state lines in pursuit of a fleeing partner a federal offense.
D) all of the above

Question 50

Gay men and lesbians who have been abused by their partners have difficulty leaving the abusive relationship because

A) of the high level of dyadic attachment they have to their partners.
B) they do not perceive the sources of help available to heterosexual battered women as being available to them.
C) leaving an abusive partner would mean substantial financial loss, which may not be recoverable through legal action.
D) all of the above

Question 51

Child abuse

A) appears to be perpetrated by fathers more often than mothers.
B) occurs in a social context in which people approve of parental use of physical force.
C) tends to be over reported by neighbors who hear children crying.
D) is a contemporary problem without historical antecedents.

Question 52

Elder abuse

A) has been more widely studied than either child abuse or spouse abuse.
B) appears to be most often perpetrated by an adult daughter or son who is caring for a parent.
C) must be reported to the police in all 50 states.
D) appears to be unrelated to other forms of domestic violence.

Question 53

Among the following, the group most likely to be at risk for elder abuse is

A) men, aged 65 to 75.
B) men of color.
C) women, aged 75 and older.
D) women of color, aged 65 to 75.

Question 54

Unemployed men spend more time on childcare duties than men who are employed.

Question 55

According to the 2009 Gallop poll, the majority of Americans believe the premarital sex is morally acceptable.

Question 56

Civil unions are the same as marriages and carry the all the same legal rights.

Question 57

In 2000, the U.S. federal government approved prescription use of the abortion pill RY-486 within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.

Question 58

Women with disabilities are at a greater risk for domestic violence.

Question 59

Historically, a man's family was defined by law as his property, just as his material possessions were.

Question 60

A considerable amount of research indicates that the sexual double standard no longer exists.

Question 61

Women living in rural areas have more difficulty obtaining abortions than women in urban areas.

Question 62

The federal government approved prescription use of the abortion pill RU-486 within the first trimester of pregnancy.

Question 63

It is now technologically possible for post-menopausal women to get pregnant and bear children.

Question 64

Although most two-earner couples say they support an equal division of housework, their practices do not reflect this belief.

Question 65

According to your text, modern conveniences have dramatically decreased the amount of housework.

Question 66

The median annual income of two-parent families is more than twice that of single-parent, female-headed households.

Question 67

Female-headed, single-parent families have grown five times faster than married couples with children since 1960.

Question 68

Employed men experience more of a conflict between work and family than employed women.

Question 69

The number of unwed mothers has significantly increased since 1970.

Question 70

Most cohabiting couples decided to either break up or marry within one year after they begin living together.

Question 71

Men fare better than women emotionally after divorce.

Question 72

The Defense of Marriage Act affords gay and lesbian couples to legally marry.

Question 73

Approximately one third of female homicide victims are killed by husbands, ex-husbands or boyfriends.

Question 74

Many women who remain in abusive relationships for an extended period of time do not leave their batterers because they do not believe that they can adequately support themselves and their children.

Question 75

Research indicates that it is easier for lesbians and gay men to leave abusive relationships than it is for heterosexual women to leave such relationships.

Question 76

Unwanted or unplanned children are at especially high risk for abuse and neglect.

Question 77

African American children are at higher risk for abuse.

Question 78

Girls are more likely than boys to be physically abused.

Question 79

Despite changing attitudes, same-sex marriages and civil unions remain controversial. Discuss the recent arguments for and against such unions. Name states that have extended rights to same-sex relationships. Discuss how rights differ between such states?

Question 80

Discuss the recent controversy surrounding the assisted reproductive technology due to the birth of eight children by Nadya Suleman (Octomom).