Deck 8: School-To-Work Transitions

Question 1

The shift in post-secondary academic and career paths is in response to

A) immigration trends.
B) the job market.
C) government policies.
D) tuition costs.

Answer 1

the job market.

Question 2

What path has seen a decrease in popularity following the shifting demands of the job market?

A) vocational training
B) university
C) college
D) early-leaving

Answer 2

early-leaving

Question 3

A recent college graduate working as an office's Administration Assistant would be in a _____ Collar position.

A) white
B) blue
C) pink
D) green

Answer 3

white

Question 4

The graduate of a pipe-fitting apprenticeship would be viewed as working a _____ collar job.

A) white
B) blue
C) pink
D) green

Question 5

A continuously adapting society based on the skills of highly educated and technically proficient employees is considered a _____ economy.

A) emerging
B) postmodern
C) traditional
D) knowledge

Question 6

The adaptation that takes place in a knowledge economy is evident through the expansion of

A) credentialism.
B) lifelong learning.
C) bilingualism.
D) organized labour.

Question 7

"Knowledge workers" account for _____ of the jobs in Canada?

A) a majority
B) half
C) a minority
D) all

Question 8

Prestige can relate to certain academic disciplines in the form of

A) limited enrollment.
B) credentials.
C) high tuition costs.
D) none of the above.

Question 9

Executive MBA students pay _____ times more in tuition costs in relation to other fields?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 10

Tying high tuition costs to the fields of business, law, and medicine and low tuition costs to agriculture and education is an example of

A) social closure.
B) cultural hegemony.
C) self-fulfilling prophecy.
D) status groups.

Question 11

Comparing the worth of lost wages, study time and tuition costs against the potential earnings of a post-secondary degree determines the student's

A) academic freedom.
B) socioeconomic status.
C) human capital.
D) opportunity cost.

Question 12

Choosing a vocational training program because you are unable to afford attending university is an example of

A) primary effects.
B) secondary effects.
C) low human capital.
D) high human capital.

Question 13

Skills acquired through education are a typical example of _____ capital.

A) social
B) cultural
C) ethnic
D) economic

Question 14

Personal characteristics, like work experience gained through an internship, that can result in economic reward are examples of _____ capital.

A) social
B) human
C) cultural
D) ethnic

Question 15

An individual's bilingualism is an example of _____ capital.

A) ethnic
B) cultural
C) social
D) human

Question 16

Which of the following is the most promoted school-to-work pathway?

A) high school - vocational training - job
B) high school - post-secondary studies - job
C) high school - job - vocational training
D) high school - job - post-secondary studies

Question 17

Rural students that drop out of school early for economic opportunities are considered high school

A) second chancers
B) apprentices
C) adolescent students
D) leavers

Question 18

"Second chancers" drop out of high school early and

A) permanently join the labour force.
B) return to education at a later point in time.
C) have higher educational attainment in the second-generation.
D) return to vocational training.

Question 19

Students entering post-secondary education aged 21 or older with no high school diploma are _____ students.

A) delayed
B) secondary cycle
C) mature
D) lifelong

Question 20

What differentiates adult learners from mature students?

A) age
B) cycle of education
C) academic program
D) occupation

Question 21

Individuals that complete high school but enter the labour force before continuing with their education are considered

A) mature students.
B) adult learners.
C) gappers.
D) early leavers.

Question 22

What differentiates a gapper from a mature student?

A) age
B) cycle of education
C) work experience
D) high school diploma

Question 23

The proportion of Canadians that do not desire post-secondary education or do not finish the programs that they begin are known as the forgotten

A) quarter
B) third
C) half
D) two thirds

Question 24

The pressure to follow the "proper path" instead of what students do well exemplifies a lack of

A) leadership.
B) agency.
C) structure.
D) choice.

Question 25

Alberta's success in linking schools and industry though youth apprenticeship programs is related to

A) school initiatives.
B) local industry environment.
C) charter schools.
D) provincial policies.

Question 26

The conditions responsible for Alberta's successful apprenticeship system relate most closely to which of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems?

A) microsystem
B) mesosystem
C) exosystem
D) macrosystem

Question 27

The stigma against "non-academic" pathways in education is an example of

A) cultural hegemony.
B) cultural reproduction.
C) credential inflation.
D) none of the above.

Question 28

The fact that children of individuals with post-secondary education are more likely to pursue post-secondary education is an example of

A) cultural hegemony.
B) cultural reproduction.
C) self-fulfilling prophecy.
D) intangible assets.

Question 29

A student's need to maintain a heavy work schedule that results in them not completing high school exemplifies the role of _____ on educational attainment.

A) socialization
B) social capital
C) human capital
D) socioeconomic status

Question 30

A student's uncertainty towards attending university that stems from their parents' unfamiliarity with the environment and culture relates to the different _____ experienced by individuals.

A) structure
B) agency
C) habitus
D) classes

Question 31

Unpaid internships can be seen as a type of _____ in that individuals that participate must be Able to afford living without an income.

A) status group
B) streaming
C) credentialism
D) habitus

Question 32

A lack of _____ capital among first generation university students can result in a struggle to "fit
In)"

A) human
B) social
C) ethnic
D) economic

Question 33

Which of the following graduate groups experience the lowest rate of unemployment?

A) high school diplomas
B) post-secondary diplomas
C) certificates
D) degrees

Question 34

Which of the following groups experience the highest rate of unemployment?

A) high school graduates
B) college graduates
C) university graduates
D) doctoral graduates

Question 35

Those with a high degree of _____ capital have a greater chance of securing employment Through existing contact networks.

A) ethnic
B) economic
C) social
D) cultural

Question 36

Among post-secondary graduates, which group has the highest rate of employment?

A) college
B) undergraduate
C) masters
D) doctoral

Question 37

What group tends to study in areas that are associated with lower pay?

A) men
B) women
C) first generation immigrants
D) second generation immigrants

Question 38

A science graduate working as a French teacher is an example of _____ mismatch.

A) qualification
B) sector
C) certification
D) job-education

Question 39

When a PhD graduate takes a job as an Administrative Assistant, they are an example of

A) cross-qualification
B) cross-certification
C) overqualification
D) underqualification

Question 40

_____-mismatch is when the years of education needed for a job is different from the years Attained by an individual.

A) Horizontal
B) Vertical
C) Credential
D) Experience

Question 41

_____-mismatch is when an employee's field of study and job do not match.

A) Horizontal
B) Vertical
C) Credential
D) Experience

Question 42

What factor(s) show(s) no effect on job-education mismatch?

A) sex
B) grades
C) field of study
D) all of the above

Question 43

Underutilizing the skill sets of _____ is known as brain waste.

A) graduates
B) new immigrants
C) advanced students
D) bilingual graduates

Question 44

The flow of medical doctors from Canada to America is an example of brain

A) waste.
B) gain.
C) drain.
D) mismatch.

Question 45

Brain _____ is the benefit experienced by Canada through the immigration of highly skilled Immigrants.

A) waste
B) gain
C) drain
D) mismatch

Question 46

Which group experiences a greater proportion of job-education mismatch?

A) women
B) men
C) immigrants
D) French Canadians

Question 47

Higher levels of job dissatisfaction and employee turnover is a common result of

A) overqualification.
B) underqualification.
C) credential inflation.
D) apprenticeships.

Question 48

What effect does credential inflation have on job-education mismatch?

A) jobs require more specialized skills
B) the number of high-skill jobs increases
C) jobs require a broader skill base
D) job skill levels stay the same

Question 49

Traits related to communication, leadership and teamwork are categorized as what kind of skills?

A) social
B) soft
C) support
D) stigmatized

Question 50

What set of educational programs involve exposure to the work environment?

A) new education
B) classical curriculum
C) homeschooling
D) experiential learning

Question 51

The expansion of experiential learning was tied to which education movement?

A) alternate ways of knowing
B) progressive education movement
C) new education movement
D) the Edmonton Model

Question 52

Which of the following skills would be rewarded in a knowledge economy?

A) computer programming
B) teacher certification
C) bilingualism
D) communication

Question 53

A student balancing a job at a coffee shop and an academic schedule is participating in what type of employment?

A) second-shift
B) rational choice
C) in-school
D) co-operative

Question 54

The majority of jobs held by post-secondary students are

A) career-related
B) high-skilled
C) not career-related
D) unpaid

Question 55

The transition from childhood to adulthood documents the path to

A) maturity.
B) independence.
C) parenthood.
D) economic stability.

Question 56

In recent generations, the transition from adolescence to adulthood has

A) shortened.
B) lengthened.
C) stayed constant.
D) stabilized.

Question 57

Which of the following is not considered a key school-to-work transition stage?

A) leaving the parental home
B) completing one year of full-time employment
C) entering a spousal partnership
D) paying-off student loans

Question 58

Which group tends to establish their independence at a younger age than the others?

A) men
B) women
C) visible minorities
D) immigrants

Question 59

Kidults, adultescents and boomerangs all belong to which life stage?

A) play
B) game
C) emerging adulthood
D) school-to-work transition

Question 60

What was the most common reason for leaving the family home in earlier generations?

A) work
B) education
C) marriage
D) independence

Question 61

What is the most common reason for leaving the family home in the current generation?

A) work
B) education
C) marriage
D) independence

Question 62

_____ is the transitional life stage that focuses on identity formation and combating instability.

A) Emerging adulthood
B) Adolescence
C) Progressive aging
D) Soul searching

Question 63

Identity capital theory conceptualizes the changing transition to adulthood as what kind of experience?

A) community
B) cultural
C) individual
D) class

Question 64

A 1950's era adolescent would would likely base their transition to adulthood on

A) tradition.
B) personal preferences.
C) class.
D) none of the above.

Question 65

A recent university graduate would likely base their transition to adulthood on

A) tradition.
B) personal preferences.
C) class.
D) none of the above.

Question 66

Unsure of their future career path, a graduate that joins the family business at the urging of a parents would be experiencing what kind of individualization?

A) developmental
B) ideological
C) parental
D) default

Question 67

A student that has planned their career path since middle school would experience what kind of individualization following graduation?

A) developmental
B) ideological
C) parental
D) default

Question 68

One's teaching certificate, country club membership or personal style would be considered _____ assets.

A) capital
B) tangible
C) intangible
D) exchangeable

Question 69

One's confidence, analytical skills and work ethic would be considered _____ assets.

A) capital
B) tangible
C) intangible
D) exchange-like

Question 70

Regulating and expanding one's assets results in a shift in what type(s) of capital?

A) social
B) cultural
C) economic
D) all of the above

Question 71

Similar to educational attainment, those who overcome a series of risk factors to make a successful transition to adulthood display which sociological trait?

A) independence
B) social reproduction
C) resilience
D) intergenerational effects

Question 72

The use of new transition paths that are based on personal choices exemplifies the use of

A) structure.
B) agency.
C) class.
D) individualization.

Question 73

Across cultures, which demographic experiences the hardest challenges when entering the labour market?

A) adult learners
B) young workers
C) immigrant workers
D) aged workers

Question 74

Initial jobs following transition tend to be

A) stable.
B) flexible
C) unstable
D) unskilled

Question 75

Economically inactive youth that are not participating in education, employment or training are given what label?

A) AWOL
B) YOET
C) NEET
D) IYEC

Question 76

The different approaches used by countries to support the school-to-work transition is known as their transition

A) strategy
B) implementation
C) ideology
D) typology

Question 77

Students who are trained in a trade while learning on the job are taking part in a(n) _____ Program.

A) co-op
B) apprenticeship
C) intern
D) practice

Question 78

Clear training pathways and job requirements can be found in what kind of labour market?

A) occupational
B) internal
C) laissez-faire
D) conservative

Question 79

Fluid occupational boundaries and a focus on a general skill set can be found in what kind of labour market?

A) occupational
B) internal
C) laissez-faire
D) conservative

Question 80

Germany, Austria and Switzerland are all examples of what kind of labour market?

A) internal
B) laissez-faire
C) occupational
D) conservative