Deck 2: Theories in the Sociology of Education

Question 1

Which of the following social theories is an example of macrosocial theory?

A) Marxism
B) symbolic interactionism
C) phenomenology
D) resistance theory

Answer 1

Marxism

Question 2

Which of the following social theories is an example of microsocial theory?

A) symbolic interactionism
B) Marxism
C) structural functionalism
D) resistance theory

Answer 2

symbolic interactionism

Question 3

How do mesosocial theory and middle-range theory differ?

A) Mesosocial theory bridges macrosocial and microsocial theory, while middle-range theory does not
B) Middle-range theory bridges macrosocial and microsocial theory, while mesosocial theory does not
C) Mesosocial theory can be tested with empirical hypotheses
D) Middle-range theory is limited to social organizations and institutions

Answer 3

Mesosocial theory bridges macrosocial and microsocial theory, while middle-range theory does not

Question 4

_____ is the belief that humans can be studied in a similar manner to the scientific world.

A) Interpretivism
B) Positivism
C) Functionalism
D) Symbolism

Question 5

Macrosocial theory focuses on the role of

A) agency.
B) subjectivism.
C) positivism.
D) structure.

Question 6

_____ plays an important role in structural functionalism.

A) Class
B) Race
C) Age
D) Sex

Question 7

The emphasis placed on Aboriginal Canadians learning "white social norms" is an example of

A) symbolic interactionism's "reflection."
B) structural functionalism's "moral frameworks."
C) critical race theory's "cultural hegemony".
D) feminism's "standpoint theory."

Question 8

What social institution is credited by structural functionalism as maintaining social cohesion?

A) education
B) ethnicity
C) religion
D) language

Question 9

In the structural functionalist framework, what would Durkheim prioritize to integrate newcomers to Canada?

A) achieving economic independence
B) understanding canadian cultural customs
C) meeting other families of similar backgrounds
D) starting a family

Question 10

Assuming that students, regardless of their situations, all understand society in the same way describes a(n) _____ ontological viewpoint.

A) objective
B) interpretive
C) empirical
D) subjective

Question 11

_____ theory questions the role of the community on one's moral development and socialization.

A) Middle-range
B) Microsocial
C) Macrosocial
D) Mesosocial

Question 12

A _____ exemplifies a Marxist concept in post-secondary education?

A) university changing its curriculum to better align with the local job market
B) professor changing their course materials to better suit students' learning styles
C) student choosing to board with peers in the same academic discipline
D) university concentrating its scholarships on lower-income students

Question 13

_____ is a feature of education intended to weaken the effects of the correspondence principle.

A) Offering a scholarship for low-income students
B) Focusing curriculum on math and science
C) Increasing standardized testing
D) Ensuring students can attend the same school as their parents

Question 14

Requiring students to _____ is an example of "hidden curriculum."

A) sing the national anthem
B) sign a code of conduct
C) learn a second language
D) work in pre-assigned groups

Question 15

Apple's concept of "legitimate knowledge" most closely resembles

A) hegemony.
B) hidden curriculum.
C) resistance theory.
D) the correspondence principle.

Question 16

Aggression experienced between students and teachers of different social classes or race would most likely be studied by

A) Max Weber.
B) Karl Marx.
C) Talcott Parsons.
D) Emile Durkheim.

Question 17

_____ is an administrative structure seen throughout government, schools and business
Institutions.

A) Ideology
B) Bureaucracy
C) Credentialism
D) Structuralism

Question 18

As a society progresses towards a "rationalized" ideology, a decrease in _____ can be seen.

A) religious influences
B) scientific innovations
C) family values
D) diversity

Question 19

Bureaucracies are known for their

A) flexibility.
B) individual attention.
C) speed.
D) hierarchical organization.

Question 20

According to Marx and Weber, _____ is/are the most prominent feature of social classes.

A) status groups
B) education
C) reproduction
D) cultural capital

Question 21

A community restricting voting privileges to local residents is an example of

A) social closure.
B) social class.
C) class reproduction.
D) bureaucracy.

Question 22

Which of the following could be labelled a "credential?"

A) knowledge
B) skills
C) age
D) all of the above

Question 23

A job that used to require a high school diploma for consideration that now require a university degree is an example of

A) credentialism.
B) credential inflation.
C) correspondence theory.
D) status groups.

Question 24

In symbolic interaction theory, how is the "Me" developed?

A) instinct
B) environment
C) desire
D) need

Question 25

Which of the following do not aide the development of the 'social self?'

A) teachers
B) parents
C) ancestors
D) siblings

Question 26

The "generalized other" refers to

A) other social classes in a society.
B) the proletariat.
C) collective social attitudes.
D) the elite.

Question 27

With an emphasis on the development of meaning, symbolic interactionism aligns with a(n) _____ ontological view and a(n) _____ epistemological view.

A) positivist, objective
B) positivist, subjective
C) interpretivist, objective
D) interpretivist, subjective

Question 28

Examining the effects of race, sex, and gender on society in addition to social systems is the basis of

A) structuralism.
B) poststructuralism.
C) ecological systems theory.
D) institutional theory.

Question 29

A lack of knowledge relating to specific art, literature or music displays a shortage of

A) economic capital.
B) social capital.
C) cultural capital.
D) cultural reproduction.

Question 30

A school prioritizing math and science over art and music reflects which social concept?

A) cultural hegemony
B) credentialism
C) social reproduction
D) structural functionalism

Question 31

Habitus is mainly determined by

A) social class.
B) race.
C) language.
D) geography.

Question 32

Cultural reproduction aligns more with structure than agency due to the

A) effect of social class on the individual.
B) rejection of social class by the individual.
C) effect of the individual on his/her social class.
D) rejection of the individual by his-her social class.

Question 33

Educational attainment, job skills, and job experience are included in which type of capital?

A) credentialism
B) social
C) cultural
D) economic

Question 34

In both post-structuralism and _____, economic capital is seen as the root of all forms of
Capital.

A) Marxism
B) structural functionalism
C) credentialism
D) feminism

Question 35

The promotion of one group's social and cultural capital over another's is an example of

A) hegemony.
B) credential inflation.
C) class warfare.
D) the generalized other.

Question 36

Habitus is the embodiment of

A) social structure.
B) social capital.
C) poststructuralism.
D) social mobility.

Question 37

Habitus is shaped by a social group's

A) class.
B) education.
C) occupations.
D) all of the above.

Question 38

Which of the following is not a type of capital identified in post-structuralism?

A) social
B) physical
C) economic
D) cultural

Question 39

Education, politics, and entertainment could each be considered a _____ by Bourdieu.

A) field
B) habitus
C) capital
D) class

Question 40

Unlike Bourdieu, Coleman conceptualized social class as being experienced by

A) upper classes.
B) lower classes.
C) all classes.
D) fields.

Question 41

A business giving holiday raises to all of its employees to improve morale would provide

A) economic capital.
B) bonding capital.
C) bridging capital.
D) social capital.

Question 42

The concept of bridging capital most closely relates to

A) microsocial theory.
B) mesosocial theory.
C) middle-range theory.
D) macrosocial theory.

Question 43

What environmental factors might hinder an individual's social mobility?

A) geography
B) race
C) language
D) all of the above

Question 44

An immigrant family looking to escape a rigid class system would choose a society with a high degree of

A) cultural reproduction.
B) class warfare.
C) social mobility.
D) social structure.

Question 45

A low-income student ________ is an example of a primary effect?

A) choosing his major based on a parent's occupation
B) choosing his university based on peer groups
C) not attaining the reading levels of his peers
D) not being selected for his chosen university

Question 46

A school achieving low test scores due to a lack of teaching resources would be an example of

A) primary effects.
B) secondary effects.
C) social reproduction.
D) state ideological apparatus.

Question 47

A high school student choosing to work instead of continuing education due to high tuition costs would be an example of

A) secondary effects.
B) primary effects.
C) credential inflation.
D) institutional theory.

Question 48

A student of colour avoiding a career path that's "too white" is an effect of

A) cultural reproduction.
B) social closure.
C) rationalization.
D) credentialism.

Question 49

How have social researchers described the trends of primary and secondary effects over the past two decades?

A) lower primary, higher secondary
B) lower primary, lower secondary
C) higher primary, lower secondary
D) higher primary, higher secondary

Question 50

An increase in primary effects could correspond with which of the following social trends?

A) increased number of families living in poverty
B) increased standardized testing
C) expanded access to post-secondary education
D) increased cost of post-secondary education

Question 51

Which theorist would tie an individual's social class to the characteristics of their (or their father's) occupations?

A) Mead
B) Parsons
C) Goldthorpe
D) Weber

Question 52

The "reciprocal effects" seen in ecological systems theory expand on the "learned behaviours" shared between children and parents in which theory?

A) structural functionalism
B) social reproduction
C) symbolic interactionism
D) Marxism

Question 53

How does ecological systems theory expand on the development of the "Me" of symbolic interaction theory?

A) includes environmental factors
B) includes parents
C) excludes peers
D) excludes genetic factors

Question 54

The function of a mesosystem is to

A) explain how microsystems are connected.
B) bridge the microsystem to the macrosystem.
C) bridge the microsystem to world events.
D) provide cultural context to the microsystem.

Question 55

Microsystems include interactions between

A) parents.
B) teachers.
C) caregivers.
D) all of the above.

Question 56

Factoring in biology when considering a child's environment is significant because

A) behaviour is unique to the individual.
B) health can determine one's social class.
C) illness can affect more than one generation.
D) diseases can result in stigmatization.

Question 57

Examining the experience of Japanese Canadians following the end of World War II would focus on Bronfenbrenner's concept of the

A) mesosystem.
B) macrosystem.
C) chronosystem.
D) exosystem.

Question 58

Representation in the workplace most closely relates to what type of feminism?

A) first wave
B) second wave
C) third wave
D) standpoint theory

Question 59

The right to own property, vote and divorce a spouse were the main goals of which feminist movement?

A) first wave
B) second wave
C) third wave
D) postmodern wave

Question 60

Why have later theorists criticized the suffrage movement of first wave feminism?

A) only white women were given the right to vote
B) only older women were given the right to vote
C) only younger women were given the right to vote
D) only married women were given the right to vote

Question 61

Access to higher education, reproduction rights and sexual harassment were the focus of _____
Wave feminism.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) none of the above

Question 62

"Herstory," an analysis and retelling of history through a female perspective, is an example of _____ theory.

A) feminist standpoint theory
B) ecological systems theory
C) chronology
D) hidden curriculum

Question 63

Feminist standpoint theory focuses on

A) sex and gender roles.
B) the female voice.
C) female leadership.
D) caretaker roles.

Question 64

Third wave feminism expands on the analysis of inequality by accounting for

A) race and class.
B) age and marriage.
C) nationality and occupation.
D) intergenerational relationships.

Question 65

Analyzing the power relationships between men and women in a bureaucratic structure would be a subject of _____ feminism.

A) first wave
B) second wave
C) third wave
D) postmodern

Question 66

Which research scenario most closely relates to the postmodern feminist framework?

A) comparing and contrasting "girly" girls and "tomboys"
B) charting female graduation rates over the past 50 years
C) female discrimination in university
D) the female work balance

Question 67

Critical race theorists would argue that race _____ other sociological factors.

A) controls
B) negates
C) intersects with
D) is separate from

Question 68

Like _____ theorists, critical race theorists and postmodern theorists stress the importance of Including race and gender alongside socioeconomic status.

A) structural functionalist
B) Marxist
C) poststructuralist
D) symbolic interactionist

Question 69

A student's ability to gain advanced degrees in traditionally "white" musical genres like classical and opera, but not in traditionally "black" genres like rap and hip-hop is an example of

A) racialization.
B) credentialism.
C) cultural hegemony.
D) critical race theory.

Question 70

Measures to counteract cultural hegemony in the Attawapiskat school campaign included

A) diversifying the student body.
B) lessons reflecting the local culture.
C) more parental engagement.
D) improving government communications.

Question 71

In addition to race, what other concepts are included in "Whiteness?"

A) cultural immersion
B) appearance
C) values
D) all of the above

Question 72

Based on the response to the Attawapiskat community, how would sociologists place Aboriginal Canadians in a racialized social hierarchy?

A) above white Canadians
B) equal to white Canadians
C) below white Canadians
D) none of the above

Question 73

The Canadian government's control over the cultural immersion of past Aboriginal Canadians most closely aligns with

A) Durkheim's "moral education."
B) Weber's "rationalization."
C) Bowles and Gintis's "hidden curriculum."
D) Willis's "resistance theory."

Question 74

Phenomenologists study the _____ meanings of social life.

A) positive
B) negative
C) objective
D) subjective

Question 75

In Meyer's institutional theory, the expansion of education is attributed to

A) work requirements.
B) higher skilled occupations.
C) education as a democratic right.
D) credential inflation.

Question 76

Internalizing ______ differentiates the "play stage" and the "game stage" in symbolic interaction Theory.

A) a parental role
B) a single role
C) an authoritative role
D) multiple roles

Question 77

Social mobility is attached to which level of social inquiry?

A) micro-social
B) meso-social
C) macro-social
D) all of the above

Question 78

"Agency" refers to an individual's

A) response to social structures.
B) ability to act and make decisions.
C) level of social class.
D) social institution.

Question 79

According to Bronfenbrenner, the "exosystem" includes

A) caregivers.
B) political system.
C) a parent's work environment.
D) world events.

Question 80

Social theories concerned with the creation of meaning use a(n) _____ epistemological Framework.

A) positive
B) interpretive
C) interactive
D) ideological