Deck 7: Nutrition During Lactation Conditions and Interventions

Question 1

A nursing mom should avoid cauliflower because it has the potential to cause gas in her baby.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

​The condition characterized by milk streaming from the breast as feeding begins is called _____.

A) ​over-secretion
B) ​hyperactive letdown
C) ​hyperlactation
D) ​over-lactation
E) ​letdown failure

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Drinking one cup of coffee results in hyperactivity in all infants.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

As many as _____ of women who experience nipple pain and trauma switch to bottle feeding with the first 6-8 weeks postpartum.

A) ​two-thirds
B) ​one-half
C) ​one-third
D) ​three-fifths
E) ​three-quarters

Question 5

Infants with galactosemia should not be breastfed.

Question 6

​Treatment for plugged ducts would least likely include _____.

A) ​stopping breastfeeding until consulting a health care provider
B) ​massaging the affected breast
C) ​applying warm compresses
D) ​changing nursing positions
E) ​taking one tablespoon per day of lecithin

Question 7

The highest calorie portion of milk is usually produced during the last 10 minutes of pumping.

Question 8

Medicinal herbs have been shown to be a safe alternative to drugs during lactation.

Question 9

​The best way to prevent sore nipples is to _____.

A) ​take a prophylactic dose of antibiotics
B) ​make sure the baby is positioned properly
C) ​place cabbage leaves on your breasts before nursing
D) ​place herbal salve on the nipple area
E) ​nurse frequently

Question 10

Alcohol has been found to be a "galactologue" that facilitates milk letdown.

Question 11

Women should discontinue all medications while breastfeeding.

Question 12

Physicians typically are well trained to counsel women on breastfeeding.

Question 13

The BPPOP strongly promotes training for breastfeeding support and management beginning in medical schools and during residencies.

Question 14

A woman with mastitis should continue to nurse her baby.

Question 15

The vast majority of women experience significant problems with breastfeeding.

Question 16

​One effective treatment for a plugged duct is to _____.

A) ​use a needle to unblock the duct
B) ​completely empty the breast
C) ​stop nursing and use a breast pump exclusively
D) ​take extra vitamin D
E) ​have a glass of red wine daily

Question 17

​Some women have flat or _____ nipples,which do not extend very far into the infant's mouth.

A) ​concave
B) ​small
C) ​stretched
D) ​plugged
E) ​inverted

Question 18

​A woman experiencing letdown failure may be prescribed _____ nasal spray.

A) ​oxytocin
B) ​estrogen
C) ​prolactin
D) ​lactogen
E) ​progesterone

Question 19

Alcohol is transferred through breast milk.

Question 20

HIV can be transmitted from mother to infant through breastfeeding.

Question 21

​The brain and brain cells,if destroyed by bilirubin deposits,will _____.

A) ​regenerate in nearly all cases
B) ​regenerate in roughly half the cases
C) ​regenerate haphazardly,leading to brain cancer
D) ​not regenerate
E) ​regenerate immediately

Question 22

​Which types of drug are usually compatible with breastfeeding?

A) ​antineoplastic agents
B) ​radioactive isotopes
C) ​antihistamines
D) ​drugs of abuse
E) ​drugs that suppress lactation

Question 23

​The most frequent cause of hospital readmission for the first two weeks of life is _____.

A) ​hyperbilirubinemia
B) ​diabetes
C) ​Rh sensitization
D) ​hemolytic disease
E) ​kernicterus

Question 24

​Your best friend had a baby 3 months ago and is anxious to go "out on the town" with her friends.She is still breastfeeding,but would like to be able to have some drinks.What advice would you give her?

A) ​It is okay to drink while nursing because it actually helps babies sleep.
B) ​It is okay to drink while nursing because it increases breast milk production.
C) ​Pump your milk immediately after drinking and it will be eliminated from your body.
D) ​Pump milk before going out and use that until the alcohol has been cleared from your system.
E) ​Drink only beer because babies tolerate it.

Question 25

​Which contraceptive method does the World Health Organization advise women to avoid in the first six weeks postpartum?

A) ​condoms
B) ​progestin-only oral contraceptives
C) ​abstinence from sex
D) ​progestin-only implants
E) ​combined oral contraceptives

Question 26

​The recommendation by R.A.Lawrence for use of herbal teas by nursing women is to choose _____.

A) ​teas using only herbs for essence
B) ​teas containing herbs with active principles
C) ​synthetic teas
D) ​teas that have traditional uses dating back thousands of years
E) ​their tea of preference because all tea is safe

Question 27

​Large doses of St.John's wort decrease prolactin levels in women.This could potentially _____.

A) ​reduce oxytocin levels
B) ​cause breast milk to taste like maple syrup
C) ​cause a woman to become constipated
D) ​reduce breast milk supply
E) ​cause depression in some women

Question 28

If a 110-lb nursing woman (50 kg)wants to drink alcohol,how many cans of beer (15 g alcohol/12 oz. )can this woman drink and stay within the Institute of Medicine's alcohol recommendations?

A) ​0
B) ​1
C) ​2
D) ​3
E) ​4

Question 29

​Breastfeeding women should avoid swordfish,shark,and tuna because they have high _____ levels.

A) ​mercury
B) ​iron
C) ​folate
D) ​calcium
E) ​nitrogen

Question 30

​Among the causes of low milk supply is _____.

A) ​too much breastfeeding
B) ​too much pumping
C) ​inefficient emptying of the breast caused by a poor latch
D) ​complete emptying of the breast caused by a secure latch
E) ​small breast size

Question 31

​The symptoms of mastitis and plugged ducts are similar;however,_____ is/are accompanied by _____.

A) ​mastitis;migraines
B) ​mastitis;fever and flu-like symptoms
C) ​plugged ducts;migraines
D) ​plugged ducts;fever and flu-like symptoms
E) ​plugged ducts;weight gain

Question 32

​Alcohol _____ milk letdown by _____ levels.

A) ​increases;increasing oxytocin
B) ​increases;decreasing oxytocin
C) ​increases;increasing prolactin
D) ​decreases;increasing oxytocin
E) ​decreases;decreasing oxytocin

Question 33

​A breastfeeding mother asks you if alcohol can be eliminated from her breast milk by pumping immediately after drinking a few glasses of wine.What would you tell her?

A) ​Yes;in fact,discarding your breast milk is a good thing to do if you would like to drink while breastfeeding.
B) ​Yes;pumping will help,but you need to pump for the next 24 hours and discard any milk that you collect.
C) ​No;your breast milk will still contain alcohol;you will need to wait 1 hour per alcoholic beverage and then pump the milk and discard it to be safe.
D) No;the alcohol will still be in the breast milk and will clear from the milk as soon as it clears from the blood stream: roughly 2 to 3 hours per drink for a 120-pound woman.
E) ​No;alcohol cannot be removed from breastmilk;if she wishes to breastfeed,she must eliminate her alcohol consumption.

Question 34

Approximately _____% of healthy full-term infants will become visibly jaundiced with their serum bilirubin levels exceeding 5 to 7 mg/dL.

A) ​20
B) ​30
C) ​40
D) ​50
E) ​60

Question 35

​Management of early jaundice is best achieved by _____.

A) ​early and frequent breastfeeding
B) ​IV water feedings
C) ​increased formula feedings
D) ​dextrose feedings as a supplement to nursing
E) ​breastfeeding supplemented with formula feedings

Question 36

​Which herb is the most commonly used herbal galactogogue?

A) ​echinacea
B) ​St.John's wort
C) ​fenugreek
D) ​feverfew
E) ​foxglove

Question 37

​The ultimate test of drug safety is the _____ and any side effects on the infant.

A) ​infant's age
B) ​duration of dosing
C) ​measurement of the infant's plasma drug concentration
D) ​drug's exposure index
E) ​infant's feeding pattern

Question 38

​A new mother goes to the mall with her friends.She is gone longer than planned and is not able to nurse her baby until she returns 6 hours later.Which problem is she most likely to experience?

A) ​a breast infection
B) ​engorgement
C) ​plugged ducts
D) ​sore nipples
E) ​mastitis

Question 39

It will take approximately _____ hour(s)to eliminate the alcohol in one glass of wine from a 120-pound nursing woman.

A) ​<1
B) ​2 to 3
C) ​4 to 5
D) ​6 to 7
E) ​12 or more

Question 40

​The American Academy of Pediatrics classifies _____ as a substance that is contraindicated during lactation.

A) ​alcohol
B) ​caffeine
C) ​THC
D) ​nicotine
E) ​sugar

Question 41

​A full milk supply is considered _____ ounces per day.

A) ​5-8
B) ​10-15
C) ​15-25
D) ​25-35
E) ​40-50

Question 42

​The energy content of breast milk in women who deliver pre-term infants is _____ kcal/100 mL.

A) ​15-25
B) ​30-37
C) ​40-48
D) ​58-70
E) ​72-120

Question 43

​Mothers of multiples should _____.

A) ​formula-feed all of their infants because their milk supply will not be enough to feed more than one infant
B) ​drink high amounts of water to increase their milk supply
C) ​eat food high in fats to ensure their milk has high enough fat quantities to nourish all of their infants
D) ​obtain their nutrients from a well-balanced diet to ensure their milk can adequately nourish all of their infants
E) ​take vitamin and mineral supplements to ensure their milk has adequate amounts to meet all of their infants' nutritional needs

Question 44

​On average,the total bilirubin content of an infant's meconium is _____ mg. 550

A) ​<200
B) ​375
C) ​400
D) ​450
E) ​550

Question 45

​Which food item is least likely to be considered a common pediatric food allergen?

A) ​cow's milk
B) ​eggs
C) ​peanuts
D) ​soybeans
E) ​oats

Question 46

The composition of milk in mothers who deliver preterm infants is higher in _____ and slightly lower in _____ content compared with milk of mothers who deliver full-term infants.

A) ​protein and energy;lactose
B) ​lactose;protein and energy
C) ​lactose and protein;energy
D) ​energy;protein and lactose
E) ​protein;energy and lactose

Question 47

​In most cases,the symptoms of an infant's adverse reaction to an offending food will improve after the food has been removed from the mother's diet for _____.

A) 3 to 5 days​
B) ​5 to 7 days
C) ​2 to 3 weeks
D) ​a month
E) ​5 to 6 weeks

Question 48

​A food allergy is an immunologic response,typically immunoglobulin _____ mediated,to a specific food protein.

A) ​A
B) ​D
C) ​E
D) ​G
E) ​M

Question 49

​What would be the best response if you suspected your breastfed baby was responding adversely to milk in your diet?

A) ​Switch to a lactose-free formula and see if the symptoms disappear.
B) ​Eliminate milk from your diet and monitor the baby for changes.
C) Eliminate strong-flavored vegetables,onions,and garlic from your diet because they can cause the same problems in babies.
D) ​Supplement breastfeeding with a lactose-free formula so the baby is exposed to less cow milk from your diet.
E) ​Increase your intake of fresh fruits because this may offset the effects of the milk.

Question 50

​If nursing mothers want to store expressed milk in a refrigerator,the temperature setting should be _____ degrees.

A) ​50
B) ​39
C) ​45
D) ​55
E) ​78

Question 51

​What is typically the main obstacle in nursing multiples?

A) ​only fatigue
B) ​only sleep deprivation
C) ​only milk production capacity
D) ​both time and fatigue
E) ​both fatigue and milk production

Question 52

​Which food is least likely to cause colic in breastfed infants?

A) ​garlic
B) ​chocolate
C) ​broccoli
D) ​apricots
E) ​cabbage

Question 53

​Which statement correctly describes food allergy or food intolerance?

A) ​Food intolerance is mediated by the immune system.
B) ​Food allergy involves an adverse reaction to food mediated by metabolism or digestion,but not the immune system.
C) ​Food allergy is mediated by high levels of immunoglobin A,which can be transferred from mother to infant through breastfeeding.
D) ​Food intolerance only occurs with nuts or nut products
E) ​Food allergy is an exaggerated immunologic response.

Question 54

​Infants born between _____ weeks are considered late-preterm.

A) ​28-30
B) ​30-33
C) ​34-37
D) ​39-42
E) ​42-45

Question 55

​Which foods do the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases recommend that nursing mothers avoid?

A) ​peanuts and tree nuts
B) ​wheat
C) ​soy
D) ​eggs
E) ​The institute does not recommend avoidance of food allergens during lactation.

Question 56

​Breastfeeding is unadvisable if the mother _____.

A) ​smokes cigarettes
B) ​drinks alcohol
C) ​drinks coffee
D) ​has HIV
E) ​is overweight

Question 57

​To achieve production goals,mothers should begin pumping _____ post-delivery.

A) ​1 hour
B) ​6 hours
C) ​1 day
D) ​2-3 days
E) ​3-4 days

Question 58

​Suboptimal breastfeeding can lead to jaundice because it can _____.

A) ​increase intestinal absorption of bilirubin
B) ​lead to increased passage of meconium
C) ​cause a decrease in bilirubin concentration
D) ​decrease hepatic circulation of bilirubin
E) ​increase fecal weight

Question 59

​Freshly expressed breast milk left at room temperature can be considered safe for a baby for up to _____ hours.

A) ​1-3
B) ​2-4
C) ​3-5
D) ​4-6
E) ​6-8

Question 60

​Which statement correctly describes HIV transmission and breastfeeding?

A) Exclusive breastfeeding by the HIV-infected mother increases the risk of transmission in the early months compared to partial breastfeeding.
B) ​Use of antiretrovirals only slightly decreases the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding.
C) ​The rate of HIV transmission with prolonged breastfeeding is 35-40%.
D) ​HIV-infected women in developing nations should feed their infants with formula rather than breast milk.
E) ​Studies have shown that breastfeeding poses a health risk to the HIV-infected mother.

Question 61

​Milk banks store donated milk in plastic containers because it _____.

A) ​expedites shipping
B) ​is less costly than glass
C) ​keeps white blood cells found in breast milk intact
D) ​is easier to express milk into plastic containers
E) ​inhibits the growth of any bacteria in the milk

Question 62

Matching
a.A medicine or herbal substance taken with the belief to increase milk supply
b.Inflammation of the breast
c.May act as galactogogue
d.​Used to enhance immune system
e.Elevated levels of bilirubin
f.​Blockage of milk,which may be caused by milk stasis
g.May help reduce discomfort and swelling in breasts
h.Milk is not ejected from breasts
i.Breast milk streams too quickly from breast at the onset of feeding
j.A tender lump in the breast resulting from unresolved mastitis
k.When the breasts become overfilled​
Fenugreek

Question 63

Matching
a.A medicine or herbal substance taken with the belief to increase milk supply
b.Inflammation of the breast
c.May act as galactogogue
d.​Used to enhance immune system
e.Elevated levels of bilirubin
f.​Blockage of milk,which may be caused by milk stasis
g.May help reduce discomfort and swelling in breasts
h.Milk is not ejected from breasts
i.Breast milk streams too quickly from breast at the onset of feeding
j.A tender lump in the breast resulting from unresolved mastitis
k.When the breasts become overfilled​
​Cabbage leaves

Question 64

Matching
a.A medicine or herbal substance taken with the belief to increase milk supply
b.Inflammation of the breast
c.May act as galactogogue
d.​Used to enhance immune system
e.Elevated levels of bilirubin
f.​Blockage of milk,which may be caused by milk stasis
g.May help reduce discomfort and swelling in breasts
h.Milk is not ejected from breasts
i.Breast milk streams too quickly from breast at the onset of feeding
j.A tender lump in the breast resulting from unresolved mastitis
k.When the breasts become overfilled​
​Breast abscess

Question 65

A mother of a late-preterm infant visits her physician because she is concerned she does not have adequate milk supply.How does her infant affect her milk supply,and what should the physician recommend to help increase her supply of milk?

Question 66

Matching
a.A medicine or herbal substance taken with the belief to increase milk supply
b.Inflammation of the breast
c.May act as galactogogue
d.​Used to enhance immune system
e.Elevated levels of bilirubin
f.​Blockage of milk,which may be caused by milk stasis
g.May help reduce discomfort and swelling in breasts
h.Milk is not ejected from breasts
i.Breast milk streams too quickly from breast at the onset of feeding
j.A tender lump in the breast resulting from unresolved mastitis
k.When the breasts become overfilled​
​Plugged ducts

Question 67

Matching
a.A medicine or herbal substance taken with the belief to increase milk supply
b.Inflammation of the breast
c.May act as galactogogue
d.​Used to enhance immune system
e.Elevated levels of bilirubin
f.​Blockage of milk,which may be caused by milk stasis
g.May help reduce discomfort and swelling in breasts
h.Milk is not ejected from breasts
i.Breast milk streams too quickly from breast at the onset of feeding
j.A tender lump in the breast resulting from unresolved mastitis
k.When the breasts become overfilled​
​Letdown failure

Question 68

Matching
a.A medicine or herbal substance taken with the belief to increase milk supply
b.Inflammation of the breast
c.May act as galactogogue
d.​Used to enhance immune system
e.Elevated levels of bilirubin
f.​Blockage of milk,which may be caused by milk stasis
g.May help reduce discomfort and swelling in breasts
h.Milk is not ejected from breasts
i.Breast milk streams too quickly from breast at the onset of feeding
j.A tender lump in the breast resulting from unresolved mastitis
k.When the breasts become overfilled​
​Galactogogue

Question 69

Describe the factors that influence the rate of transmission of HIV from mother to child through breastfeeding.

Question 70

Matching
a.A medicine or herbal substance taken with the belief to increase milk supply
b.Inflammation of the breast
c.May act as galactogogue
d.​Used to enhance immune system
e.Elevated levels of bilirubin
f.​Blockage of milk,which may be caused by milk stasis
g.May help reduce discomfort and swelling in breasts
h.Milk is not ejected from breasts
i.Breast milk streams too quickly from breast at the onset of feeding
j.A tender lump in the breast resulting from unresolved mastitis
k.When the breasts become overfilled​
​Engorgement

Question 71

"Anyone can be a milk bank donor." Is this statement true? Describe the purpose of a milk bank and how they select women to provide milk.

Question 72

Matching
a.A medicine or herbal substance taken with the belief to increase milk supply
b.Inflammation of the breast
c.May act as galactogogue
d.​Used to enhance immune system
e.Elevated levels of bilirubin
f.​Blockage of milk,which may be caused by milk stasis
g.May help reduce discomfort and swelling in breasts
h.Milk is not ejected from breasts
i.Breast milk streams too quickly from breast at the onset of feeding
j.A tender lump in the breast resulting from unresolved mastitis
k.When the breasts become overfilled​
​Hyperactive letdown

Question 73

​A woman with low milk supply visits her physician,believing that she needs to switch from breastfeeding to feeding her infant with human milk supplement.What should the doctor explain to her about the causes of low milk supply and what should be recommended to increase the woman's milk supply?

Question 74

Matching
a.A medicine or herbal substance taken with the belief to increase milk supply
b.Inflammation of the breast
c.May act as galactogogue
d.​Used to enhance immune system
e.Elevated levels of bilirubin
f.​Blockage of milk,which may be caused by milk stasis
g.May help reduce discomfort and swelling in breasts
h.Milk is not ejected from breasts
i.Breast milk streams too quickly from breast at the onset of feeding
j.A tender lump in the breast resulting from unresolved mastitis
k.When the breasts become overfilled​
Hyperbilirubinemia

Question 75

Matching
a.A medicine or herbal substance taken with the belief to increase milk supply
b.Inflammation of the breast
c.May act as galactogogue
d.​Used to enhance immune system
e.Elevated levels of bilirubin
f.​Blockage of milk,which may be caused by milk stasis
g.May help reduce discomfort and swelling in breasts
h.Milk is not ejected from breasts
i.Breast milk streams too quickly from breast at the onset of feeding
j.A tender lump in the breast resulting from unresolved mastitis
k.When the breasts become overfilled​
​Mastitis

Question 76

Matching
a.A medicine or herbal substance taken with the belief to increase milk supply
b.Inflammation of the breast
c.May act as galactogogue
d.​Used to enhance immune system
e.Elevated levels of bilirubin
f.​Blockage of milk,which may be caused by milk stasis
g.May help reduce discomfort and swelling in breasts
h.Milk is not ejected from breasts
i.Breast milk streams too quickly from breast at the onset of feeding
j.A tender lump in the breast resulting from unresolved mastitis
k.When the breasts become overfilled​
​Echinacea

Question 77

List at least four possible ways in which breastfeeding may prevent allergies.

Question 78

Your friend is considering feeding her preterm infant formula rather than breastfeeding because she is a working mom and believes it would be more convenient and supply sufficient nutrients.What would you tell her about the nutritional,health,and developmental benefits of breastfeeding preterm infants to persuade her to consider breastfeeding as better option?

Question 79

​Which factor is least likely to be considered a cause for the scarcity of human milk banks in North America?

A) ​the availability of wet nurses as an alternative to banked milk
B) ​a resurgence of tuberculosis
C) ​HIV
D) ​risks related to donors who might use drugs
E) ​increasing demand

Question 80

List at least four major program components of the Rush Mothers' Milk Club.