Question 1

What U.S. Supreme Court decision banned the use of illegally seized evidence in criminal cases by the states?&#10;A) Mapp v. Ohio&#10;B) Gideon v. Wainwright&#10;C) Escobedo v. Illinois&#10;D) Miranda v. Illinois

Accepted Answer

Mapp v. Ohio (1961) established the exclusionary rule, which prohibits the use of evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures by state and local law enforcement.

Question 2

What U.S. Supreme Court decision further required that legal counsel be appointed for all indigent felony defendants?&#10;A) Ferman v. Georgia&#10;B) Miranda v. Illinois&#10;C) Gideon v. Wainwright&#10;D) Mapp v. Ohio

Accepted Answer

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) is the landmark case in which the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution to provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys. This decision ensured that the right to a fair trial and legal representation applies to all individuals, regardless of their financial status.

Question 3

In which of the following U.S. Supreme Court decisions did the court rule that the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution does not forbid warrantless arrests for minor criminal or traffic offences?&#10;A) Gideon v. Wainwright&#10;B) Carroll v. the United States&#10;C) Atwater v. City of Lago Vista&#10;D) Wells v. City of Punta Gorda

Accepted Answer

In Atwater v. City of Lago Vista, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment does not forbid warrantless arrests for minor criminal offenses, including traffic violations, if the officer has probable cause to believe that an offense has been committed.

Question 4

The legalistic style of law enforcement is found in:&#10;A) Economically declining cities with traditional political machines.&#10;B) Homogeneous suburban communities.&#10;C) Cities with heterogeneous populations and reform-oriented professional government.&#10;D) Rural and agricultural areas.

Accepted Answer

The legalistic style of law enforcement, which emphasizes a professional and formal approach to addressing crime, is typically found in cities with heterogeneous populations and reform-oriented professional government. This approach focuses on applying the law uniformly and relies on a professionalized police force.

Question 5

When a local system of government is referred to as &#34;the strong mayor,&#34; this means that:&#10;A) The mayor is elected and serves as the chief executive officer of the city.&#10;B) The mayor is a strong political figure in local government.&#10;C) The mayor has a forceful personality.&#10;D) The mayor does not have to be concerned with the other branches of government.

Accepted Answer

In a "strong mayor" system, the mayor is elected and serves as the chief executive officer of the city, with significant administrative and budgetary authority.

Question 6

The legally defined roles of city councils are fairly consistent throughout the United States. Namely, they act as the:&#10;A) Chief executive and policy-making body.&#10;B) Chief legislative and policy-making body.&#10;C) Chief administrative and policy-making body.&#10;D) Chief executive and legislative-making body.

Accepted Answer

City councils in the United States primarily serve as the chief legislative and policy-making body of a city. They are responsible for enacting local laws, ordinances, and policies, rather than serving in executive or administrative capacities.

Question 7

When friction occurs between the police and the news media, it frequently emanates from:&#10;A) Corruption within the police department.&#10;B) Acts of police brutality.&#10;C) Incompetence in the police department's investigation of serious crimes.&#10;D) Events surrounding a major crime or unusual occurrence.

Accepted Answer

Friction between the police and the news media often arises from events surrounding a major crime or unusual occurrence, as these situations typically attract significant public and media attention, leading to potential conflicts over information dissemination and media access.

Question 8

The legal status of a county sheriff is unique in which two ways?&#10;A) The sheriff is appointed by the county board and serves only two years.&#10;B) The sheriff is protected by a constitutional amendment which bans any civil litigation against his or her department; this amendment cannot be changed without a vote yielding a two-thirds majority ruling.&#10;C) The sheriff is actually an elected state official and has local authority granted under the U.S. Constitution.&#10;D) In most states, the office of sheriff is an elected position and is specified under the state constitution.

Accepted Answer

The sheriff is an elected official in most states, and the position is specified in the state constitution.

Question 9

According to Wilson, the watchman style is most often found in:&#10;A) Economically declining cities with traditional political machines.&#10;B) Homogeneous suburban communities.&#10;C) Cities with heterogeneous populations and reform-oriented professional government&#10;D) Rural and agricultural areas.

Accepted Answer

The watchman style of policing, as described by James Q. Wilson, is most often found in economically declining cities that have traditional political machines. This style emphasizes order maintenance over law enforcement, with police officers acting more as "watchmen" of the community.

Question 10

According to Wilson, the service style if most often found in:&#10;A) Homogenous suburban communities.&#10;B) Rural and agricultural areas.&#10;C) Economically declining cities with traditional political machines.&#10;D) Cities with heterogeneous populations and reform oriented professional government.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Wilson, the service style if...

Question 11

Proponents of this form of local government contend that it provides the most conducive atmosphere in which professional law enforcement can operate.&#10;A) Strong mayor.&#10;B) Weak mayor.&#10;C) City manager.&#10;D) City council.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Proponents of this form of local government...

Question 12

In this form of local government, the employment of the Chief if largely tied to the whims of the mayor.&#10;A) Strong mayor.&#10;B) Weak mayor.&#10;C) City manager.&#10;D) City council.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In this form of local government, the...

Question 13

What is the average tenure of police chiefs?&#10;A) 1 to 2 years.&#10;B) 3 to 6 years.&#10;C) 7 to 10 years.&#10;D) Less than 1 year.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the average tenure of police...

Question 14

In this case, the court held that an error made by the trial court in admitting illegally obtained evidence does not require an automatic reversal of the conviction if the error is determined to be harmless.

A) Arizona v. Fulminate
B) Gideon v. Wainwright
C) Escobedo v. Illinois
D) Miranda v. Illinois

Accepted Answer

The answer of In this case, the court held that...

Question 15

A public officer within a jurisdiction representing the citizenry of a state or county who charges and prosecutes and individual for a crime is known as the:&#10;A) Judiciary.&#10;B) Citizen oversight committee.&#10;C) Prosecutor.&#10;D) Sheriff.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A public officer within a jurisdiction representing...

Question 16

What is the process by which people who are not sworn officers are involved in some way in the review of citizen complaints against police officers?&#10;A) Judiciary.&#10;B) Citizen oversight.&#10;C) Community audit.&#10;D) Citizen commission hearing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the process by which people...

Question 17

Private groups and public interest organizations, such as the ACLU, have been involved in attacking:&#10;A) Community disorder.&#10;B) School violence.&#10;C) Terrorism.&#10;D) Police misconduct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Private groups and public interest organizations, such...

Question 18

Chambers of commerce often have mobilized behind a police chief to get much-needed budget increases for:&#10;A) Salaries.&#10;B) Additional personnel.&#10;C) Equipment.&#10;D) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chambers of commerce often have mobilized behind...

Question 19

Which U.S. code specifically provides a mechanism for filing a civil tort action against individual police officers?&#10;A) Title 42, Section 1983, titled Civil Action for Deprivation of Rights.&#10;B) Title 7, Section 1999, titled Action against Police Officers.&#10;C) Title 10, the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act.&#10;D) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1972.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which U.S. code specifically provides a mechanism...

Question 20

After delegitimizing racial profiling as a police practice, some police officers have described numerous characteristics other than traffic violations that potentially make one car more suspicious than another, leaving open the possibility of individual officer racial bias in stops and searches. These factors include which of the following:

A) Loud music.
B) Cars they feel are "out of place".
C) Bumper stickers connected to drug cultures
D) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After delegitimizing racial profiling as a police...

Question 21

Which state was the first to enact stringent laws on immigration in 2010?&#10;A) Texas&#10;B) Florida&#10;C) Arizona&#10;D) New Mexico

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which state was the first to enact...

Question 22

The ____________ enforcement policies, procedures for review of all arrests before their presentation in court, and overall supervision of the cases prepared by the police have an observable effect on police practices and enforcement policies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________ enforcement policies, procedures for review...

Question 23

Nothing has fueled the political fire between police and minorities more than the use of ____________ as criteria in decision making during discretionary traffic and field interrogation stops.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nothing has fueled the political fire between...

Question 24

The legally defined roles of a ____________ consistently makes it the chief legislative and policymaking body in a municipality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The legally defined roles of a ____________...

Question 25

Sheriffs are ____________ in all but two states.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sheriffs are ____________ in all but two...

Question 26

If ____________ consistently interject their personal biases into the judicial process and make it very clear to the police they will dismiss certain categories of violations, the police may discontinue enforcing that law.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If ____________ consistently interject their personal biases...

Question 27

____________ rests on the assumption that because of the police subculture, police officers cannot objectively investigate complaints against fellow officers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________ rests on the assumption that because...

Question 28

The role of ____________ is to audit or monitor the operations of the police department, including the complaint process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The role of ____________ is to audit...

Question 29

In the case of major crimes or incidents, police departments do not want to release information to the ____________ that will jeopardize the safety of the public or its officers, impair the right of a suspect to a fair and impartial trial, or impede the progress of an investigation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the case of major crimes or...

Question 30

Critics of the police argue that civil damage suits are a much more useful deterrent to ___________ than any type of internal disciplinary sanction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Critics of the police argue that civil...

Question 31

Some police organizations and human-rights groups are concerned that deputizing local officers to handle ____________ enforcement, a duty which has traditionally been handled by ICE, may have a negative effect on the relationship with the immigrant community in their jurisdiction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some police organizations and human-rights groups are...

Question 32

Explain citizen oversight and compare and contrast the two models of citizen oversight.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain citizen oversight and compare and contrast...

Question 33

Explain how the roles of the police and media can lead to conflict between the two groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how the roles of the police...

Question 34

Explain how the &#34;due process revolution&#34; continues to have an impact on modern police practices.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how the &#34;due process revolution&#34; continues...

Question 35

Match the term from Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each item in Column 2 will be used only once.

-Public interest organization

A) The consideration of race as a key factor in police decisions to stop and interrogate citizens.
B) In the negative sense, refers to attempts to impose external, partisan political influence on the operation of a police department; in the positive, governance of a city.
C) A group that plays an important role in police accountability, especially as it relates to allegations of police misconduct.
D) A process by which people who are not sworn officers are involved in some way in the review of citizen complaints against police officers.
E) A public officer within a jurisdiction representing the citizenry of a state or county who charges and prosecutes an individual for a crime.
F) A period, or term, during which a position is held.
G) A system of courts of law that administer justice.

Accepted Answer