Deck 12: Child and Preadolescent Nutrition

Question 1

Parents who have difficulty controlling their own intakes seem to impose fewer restrictions on their children.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

It is recommended that televisions and other screens be removed from children's bedrooms.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Early "dieting" may actually be a risk factor for the development of obesity.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Children following vegetarian and vegan diets have a higher risk of becoming obese and may have a lower risk for some nutrient deficiencies.

Question 5

Children who are at risk for vitamin D deficiency include those with increased skin pigmentation.

Question 6

Some potential consequences of a weight-loss program in childhood are a slowing of linear growth and the beginnings of eating disorders.

Question 7

BMI is constant throughout childhood.

Question 8

Preadolescence is generally defined as 9-11 years of age for girls and 10-12 years of age for boys.

Question 9

The RDA for iron for children 4-8 years is 8 mg/day.

Question 10

Treatment of overweight and obesity for children should focus on attaining an ideal body weight.

Question 11

​Sticky carbohydrate-containing foods,such as raisins,are strong caries promoters.

Question 12

The average age of BMI rebound is 6.0-6.3 years.

Question 13

Studies in 9- to 10-year-old children found that these older children were not as responsive to energy density as young preschool-age children.

Question 14

Although not federally mandated,schools are encouraged to allow adequate time for children to eat their lunches.

Question 15

It is against USDA regulations to sell competitive foods of minimal nutritional value to students at times other than mealtimes or outside of a school's food-service areas.

Question 16

According to USDA food-consumption data,children's soft-drink consumption increases with age while milk consumption decreases.

Question 17

Iron deficiency is as common a problem in middle childhood as it is in the toddler age group.

Question 18

According to one study of 9- to 14-year-old children,the percentage of children who reported eating family dinner increased with the age of the child.

Question 19

The emphasis of physical activity for school-age and preadolescent children should be placed on competition and specialized training.

Question 20

During the school-age years,growth velocity is as great as it was during infancy.

Question 21

In 2010,children under 18 years of age comprised nearly _____ percent of the U.S.population.​

A) ​10
B) ​15
C) ​20
D) ​25
E) ​30

Question 22

​What protein intake is recommended for a 12-year-old girl who weighs 48 kg?

A) ​36.0 g/day
B) ​38.4 g/day
C) ​40.8 g/day
D) ​43.2 g/day
E) ​45.6 g/day

Question 23

​The children in families who regularly ate three or more meals together weekly were 35 percent _____.

A) ​less likely to be overweight
B) ​more likely to be underweight
C) ​less likely to eat unhealthy foods
D) ​less likely to have disordered eating
E) ​more likely to eat healthy foods

Question 24

​Adequate nutrition,especially eating breakfast,has been associated with _____.

A) ​improved academic performance
B) ​self-efficacy
C) ​improved social skills
D) ​steady physical growth
E) ​feelings of self-worth

Question 25

​When parents try to control their children's intake,especially by restricting their access to food,children become _____.

A) ​more likely to eat healthy foods
B) ​more likely develop a chronic condition such as diabetes
C) ​less likely to eat unhealthy foods
D) ​less likely to become obese
E) ​less able to regulate their intake to meet their needs

Question 26

Children with a BMI-for-age that is greater than or equal to the 85th percentile but less than or equal to the 94th percentile are classified as _____.

A) ​severely underweight
B) ​underweight
C) ​healthy weight
D) ​overweight
E) ​obese

Question 27

​The average annual growth during the school years is _____ pounds in weight.

A) ​3
B) ​5
C) ​7
D) ​9
E) ​11

Question 28

​A child's statute,or standing height,should be measured without _____.

A) ​scales
B) ​shoes
C) ​socks
D) ​clothes
E) ​scales

Question 29

​The major developmental achievement during middle childhood is _____.

A) ​egocentrism
B) ​self-efficacy
C) ​a sense of personal identity
D) ​a moral and ethical value system
E) ​feelings of self-worth

Question 30

​Which child is least likely to be obese?

A) ​non-Hispanic white boy
B) ​non-Hispanic white girl
C) ​Hispanic boy
D) ​non-Hispanic black boy
E) ​non-Hispanic black girl

Question 31

​The recommended total fiber intake for a 13-year-old boy is _____ g/day.

A) ​27
B) ​29
C) ​31
D) ​33
E) ​35

Question 32

​The average annual growth during the school years is _____ inches in height.

A) ​5.5
B) ​4.5
C) ​3.5
D) ​2.5
E) ​1.5

Question 33

Based on the DRIs,the recommended protein intake for school-age children is _____ gram of protein per kg body weight per day for 4- to 13-year-old girls and boys.

A) ​0.75
B) ​0.80
C) ​0.85
D) ​0.90
E) ​0.95

Question 34

​The concrete operational stage of development is characterized by _____.

A) ​being able to classify,reclassify,and generalize
B) ​the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation at one time
C) ​higher-order reasoning
D) ​extreme egocentrism
E) ​the belief that inanimate objects have human feelings

Question 35

​The National School Lunch Program Meal Pattern is required to provide ____ of the DRIs based on the child's age or grad group.

A) ​one-fifth
B) ​one-fourth
C) ​one-third
D) ​one-half
E) ​two-thirds

Question 36

​During middle childhood and preadolescence,the child is responsible for _____.

A) ​what foods are available
B) ​when food is served
C) ​how much he or she eats
D) ​recognizing the cause-effect pattern of meals
E) ​how quickly he or she eats

Question 37

​The term _____ applies to either middle childhood or preadolescence.

A) ​teenage
B) ​adolescence
C) ​preteen
D) ​childhood
E) ​school-age

Question 38

​The RDA for zinc is _____ mg/day for children 9-13 years old.

A) ​5
B) ​8
C) ​11
D) ​14
E) ​17

Question 39

​Adequate nutrition and the establishment of healthy eating behaviors may reduce the risk of a child developing a chronic condition such as _____ later in life.

A) type 2 diabetes​
B) ​lupus
C) ​celiac disease
D) ​multiple sclerosis
E) ​osteoarthritis

Question 40

​Which food will most likely enhance iron absorption?

A) ​grapefruit
B) ​skim milk
C) ​corn
D) ​carrots
E) ​portabella mushrooms

Question 41

​Which food would be the best choice for a parent trying to increase fiber in her or his child's diet?

A) ​energy bar
B) ​broccoli
C) ​apple juice
D) ​white rice
E) ​soy milk

Question 42

According to Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants,Children,and Adolescents,school-age children should be routinely screened for _____ and dyslipidemia by measuring pertinent biochemical indices.

A) ​high blood lead levels
B) ​hyperglycemia
C) anemia​
D) ​hypertension
E) ​diabetes

Question 43

​It is recommended that children engage in at least _____ minutes of physical activity every day.

A) ​30
B) ​45
C) ​60
D) ​75
E) ​90

Question 44

​Which term applies to such sedentary activities as watching TV or playing video games on a computer?

A) ​mind tap
B) ​image intake
C) ​video centric
D) ​down time
E) ​screen time

Question 45

​According to the AHA and AAP,children over 2 years of age should limit _____ to <7 percent of total calories per day.

A) ​saturated fats
B) ​monounsaturated fats
C) ​polyunsaturated fats
D) ​trans fatty acids
E) ​cholesterol

Question 46

​Which health consequence has the strongest association with an increased BMI-for-age?

A) ​hyperlipidemia
B) ​increasing insulin levels
C) ​higher concentrations of liver enzymes
D) ​hypertension
E) ​abnormal glucose tolerance

Question 47

According to data from 2007-2008,the average HEI score for children age 2-17 years was 49.8 out of 100,indicating that _____.

A) ​they were overweight
B) ​their diets needed improvement
C) ​about 66% of their calories were coming from fat
D) ​66% of these children ate fast food everyday
E) ​they were at risk for developing diabetes

Question 48

​The AAP encourages the use of _____ for hydration in most instances.

A) ​water
B) ​sports drinks containing carbohydrates
C) ​energy drinks
D) ​fruit juice
E) ​electrolyte-containing sports drinks

Question 49

​What term applies to the overall structure of the physical environment of a child's community?

A) ​infrastructure
B) ​human environment
C) ​cultural environment
D) ​built environment
E) ​organizational environment

Question 50

During their school years,children have spurts of growth that coincide with periods of _____.​

A) ​less sleep and more physical activity
B) ​more sleep and less physical activity
C) ​more indoor activities
D) ​increased appetite and intake
E) ​fewer indoor activities

Question 51

According to the NHANES 2011-2012 data,approximately _____ percent of children ages 6 through 11 years are obese.

A) ​15.2
B) ​17.7
C) ​20.8
D) ​23.3
E) ​25.1

Question 52

​Which factor is the most significant predictor of childhood obesity?

A) ​low family income
B) ​environmental factors
C) ​maternal obesity
D) ​low cognitive stimulation
E) ​early BMI rebound

Question 53

​Health care providers working with children adhering to a vegetarian diet should pay special attention to their intakes of protein,essential fatty acids,calcium,iron,zinc,vitamin C,and _____.

A) ​magnesium
B) ​vitamin B12
C) ​vitamin B6
D) ​vitamin E
E) ​sodium

Question 54

It has been reported that an average of 13 hours per year is spent in elementary school classrooms teaching lessons about nutrition;however,research demonstrates that _____ hours are required to facilitate behavior change.​

A) ​20
B) ​30
C) ​40
D) ​50
E) ​60

Question 55

​Which program is aimed at improving children's lifelong eating and physical activity habits through application of information in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and MyPlate?

A) ​Team Nutrition
B) ​Bright Futures
C) ​The National School Lunch Program
D) ​School Breakfast Program
E) ​Summer Food Service Program

Question 56

According to the DRIs,the AMDR for fat is _____ percent of energy for children 4-18 years of age.​

A) ​<15
B) ​15-25
C) ​25-35
D) ​35-45
E) ​45-55

Question 57

​Symptoms of lactose intolerance include _____.

A) ​dry mouth and headache
B) ​blurred vision and hunger
C) ​excessive thirst and fatigue
D) ​abdominal pain and nausea
E) ​heart palpitations and shakiness

Question 58

When determining the EER of school-age children,categories of activity are defined in terms of _____.​

A) ​number of stairs climbed
B) ​biking distance
C) ​steps per day
D) ​amount of moderate physical activity per day
E) ​walking equivalence

Question 59

​Fats and _____ may have a protective effect on enamel.

A) ​simple carbohydrates
B) ​complex carbohydrates
C) ​proteins
D) ​dairy products
E) ​simple sugars

Question 60

​A(n)_____ BMI rebound has been associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity.

A) ​early
B) ​average
C) ​late
D) ​incomplete
E) ​repetitive

Question 61

​Among the characteristics of overweight children is _____.

A) ​short stature
B) ​advanced bone age
C) ​delayed sexual maturity
D) ​lower bone density
E) ​glucose intolerance

Question 62

Matching
a.Measures the degree to which an individual's diet conforms to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and uses the food-group standards found in MyPlate
b.The stage of development immediately preceding adolescence
c.Bone maturation
d.Cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes
e.Describes children between the ages of 5 and 10 years
f.A USDA program in which food products are sent to schools for use in the child nutrition programs
g.Nondigestible carbohydrates including plant,animal,or commercially produced sources that have beneficial effects in humans
h.The amount of energy needed by the body in a state of rest
i.Contracts between schools and soft-drink companies whereby the schools receive a percentage of the profits from sales
j.​Foods sold to children in food service areas during meal times that compete with the federal meal programs
Resting energy expenditure

Question 63

Intake of which nutrient is most likely low considering her food dislikes?​

A) ​protein
B) ​calcium
C) ​vitamin D
D) ​iron
E) ​fiber

Question 64

Matching
a.Measures the degree to which an individual's diet conforms to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and uses the food-group standards found in MyPlate
b.The stage of development immediately preceding adolescence
c.Bone maturation
d.Cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes
e.Describes children between the ages of 5 and 10 years
f.A USDA program in which food products are sent to schools for use in the child nutrition programs
g.Nondigestible carbohydrates including plant,animal,or commercially produced sources that have beneficial effects in humans
h.The amount of energy needed by the body in a state of rest
i.Contracts between schools and soft-drink companies whereby the schools receive a percentage of the profits from sales
j.​Foods sold to children in food service areas during meal times that compete with the federal meal programs
​Preadolescence

Question 65

Matching
a.Measures the degree to which an individual's diet conforms to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and uses the food-group standards found in MyPlate
b.The stage of development immediately preceding adolescence
c.Bone maturation
d.Cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes
e.Describes children between the ages of 5 and 10 years
f.A USDA program in which food products are sent to schools for use in the child nutrition programs
g.Nondigestible carbohydrates including plant,animal,or commercially produced sources that have beneficial effects in humans
h.The amount of energy needed by the body in a state of rest
i.Contracts between schools and soft-drink companies whereby the schools receive a percentage of the profits from sales
j.​Foods sold to children in food service areas during meal times that compete with the federal meal programs
Middle childhood​

Question 66

Discuss the possible mechanisms thought to explain the relationship between BMI rebound and subsequent obesity.

Question 67

Matching
a.Measures the degree to which an individual's diet conforms to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and uses the food-group standards found in MyPlate
b.The stage of development immediately preceding adolescence
c.Bone maturation
d.Cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes
e.Describes children between the ages of 5 and 10 years
f.A USDA program in which food products are sent to schools for use in the child nutrition programs
g.Nondigestible carbohydrates including plant,animal,or commercially produced sources that have beneficial effects in humans
h.The amount of energy needed by the body in a state of rest
i.Contracts between schools and soft-drink companies whereby the schools receive a percentage of the profits from sales
j.​Foods sold to children in food service areas during meal times that compete with the federal meal programs
Competitive foods

Question 68

Matching
a.Measures the degree to which an individual's diet conforms to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and uses the food-group standards found in MyPlate
b.The stage of development immediately preceding adolescence
c.Bone maturation
d.Cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes
e.Describes children between the ages of 5 and 10 years
f.A USDA program in which food products are sent to schools for use in the child nutrition programs
g.Nondigestible carbohydrates including plant,animal,or commercially produced sources that have beneficial effects in humans
h.The amount of energy needed by the body in a state of rest
i.Contracts between schools and soft-drink companies whereby the schools receive a percentage of the profits from sales
j.​Foods sold to children in food service areas during meal times that compete with the federal meal programs
Functional fiber

Question 69

​How many grams of protein per day are recommended for Jane?

A) ​20.48
B) ​21.76
C) ​23.04
D) ​24.32
E) ​25.60

Question 70

The AAP recommends vitamin and mineral supplementation for children who are at high risk of developing nutrient deficiencies or have one or more documented nutrition deficiency.Explain which children are at high risk of developing nutrient deficiencies.

Question 71

​What is the RDA for calcium for school-age children 9-13 years?

A) ​800 mg/day
B) ​1,000 mg/day
C) ​1,100 mg/day
D) ​1,200 mg/day
E) ​1,300 mg/day

Question 72

Matching
a.Measures the degree to which an individual's diet conforms to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and uses the food-group standards found in MyPlate
b.The stage of development immediately preceding adolescence
c.Bone maturation
d.Cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes
e.Describes children between the ages of 5 and 10 years
f.A USDA program in which food products are sent to schools for use in the child nutrition programs
g.Nondigestible carbohydrates including plant,animal,or commercially produced sources that have beneficial effects in humans
h.The amount of energy needed by the body in a state of rest
i.Contracts between schools and soft-drink companies whereby the schools receive a percentage of the profits from sales
j.​Foods sold to children in food service areas during meal times that compete with the federal meal programs
​Pouring rights

Question 73

The impact of advertising on nutrition choices has been evaluated.What do the findings tell us regarding advertising's effect on children?

Question 74

Matching
a.Measures the degree to which an individual's diet conforms to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and uses the food-group standards found in MyPlate
b.The stage of development immediately preceding adolescence
c.Bone maturation
d.Cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes
e.Describes children between the ages of 5 and 10 years
f.A USDA program in which food products are sent to schools for use in the child nutrition programs
g.Nondigestible carbohydrates including plant,animal,or commercially produced sources that have beneficial effects in humans
h.The amount of energy needed by the body in a state of rest
i.Contracts between schools and soft-drink companies whereby the schools receive a percentage of the profits from sales
j.​Foods sold to children in food service areas during meal times that compete with the federal meal programs
​HEI

Question 75

What causes secondary lactase deficiency? Do dairy products have to be completely avoided?

Question 76

For children from 8 to less than 12 years of age,a hemoglobin value <_____ g/dL is diagnostic of iron-deficiency anemia.

A) ​11.9
B) ​12.5
C) ​13.2
D) ​14.0
E) ​15.4

Question 77

Matching
a.Measures the degree to which an individual's diet conforms to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and uses the food-group standards found in MyPlate
b.The stage of development immediately preceding adolescence
c.Bone maturation
d.Cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes
e.Describes children between the ages of 5 and 10 years
f.A USDA program in which food products are sent to schools for use in the child nutrition programs
g.Nondigestible carbohydrates including plant,animal,or commercially produced sources that have beneficial effects in humans
h.The amount of energy needed by the body in a state of rest
i.Contracts between schools and soft-drink companies whereby the schools receive a percentage of the profits from sales
j.​Foods sold to children in food service areas during meal times that compete with the federal meal programs
Dietary fiber​

Question 78

Matching
a.Measures the degree to which an individual's diet conforms to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and uses the food-group standards found in MyPlate
b.The stage of development immediately preceding adolescence
c.Bone maturation
d.Cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes
e.Describes children between the ages of 5 and 10 years
f.A USDA program in which food products are sent to schools for use in the child nutrition programs
g.Nondigestible carbohydrates including plant,animal,or commercially produced sources that have beneficial effects in humans
h.The amount of energy needed by the body in a state of rest
i.Contracts between schools and soft-drink companies whereby the schools receive a percentage of the profits from sales
j.​Foods sold to children in food service areas during meal times that compete with the federal meal programs
Bone age

Question 79

Matching
a.Measures the degree to which an individual's diet conforms to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and uses the food-group standards found in MyPlate
b.The stage of development immediately preceding adolescence
c.Bone maturation
d.Cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes
e.Describes children between the ages of 5 and 10 years
f.A USDA program in which food products are sent to schools for use in the child nutrition programs
g.Nondigestible carbohydrates including plant,animal,or commercially produced sources that have beneficial effects in humans
h.The amount of energy needed by the body in a state of rest
i.Contracts between schools and soft-drink companies whereby the schools receive a percentage of the profits from sales
j.​Foods sold to children in food service areas during meal times that compete with the federal meal programs
Commodity program

Question 80

What are the five requirements a school must meet in order to participate in the National School Lunch Program?