Deck 2: The Process of Play

Question 1

According to Sobel and Larimore (2016), one of the main influencers that is impacting the quality of children's play is:

A) The lack of financial resources for play materials
B) Pressure from parents and early learning programs to focus on subject-based curriculum
C) Children's lack of interest in play
D) Insurance rates

Answer 1

Pressure from parents and early learning programs to focus on subject-based curriculum

Question 2

Play is vital for primarily which group of children:

A) Children in all cultures
B) Children in the western cultures
C) Children from poverty stricken families
D) Children from Asia and the Middle East

Answer 2

Children in all cultures

Question 3

Urie Bronfenbrenner developed an influential theory of human development known as the ___________ theory.

A) Environmental
B) Engagement
C) Ecological
D) External

Answer 3

Ecological

Question 4

What is the overarching premise of Bronfenbrenner's theory?

A) Community traditions are the most influential elements in children's lives
B) Early learning practitioners should help children be aware of environmental issues
C) Children are influenced by their parents, but not by their community
D) There is a relationship of environmental factors and social contexts through defined environmental systems

Question 5

Bronfenbrenner's microsystem theory of development related to play refers to the influence of:

A) A child's family
B) Provincial playground regulations
C) Cultural and ideology
D) The environment

Question 6

From a constructivist perspective, children learn when they:

A) Receive information from an educator that can processed and remembered
B) Model the behaviour of others who are performing at an advanced level
C) Receive extrinsic rewards for producing appropriate products
D) Have an opportunity for active interaction in order to construct meaning

Question 7

Bruner suggests that there are three internal motivators that influence play and learning. They are:

A) Having access to toys, materials, and a facilitator
B) Engaging in curiosity, exhibiting skills and knowledge, and having a common goal with others
C) Having space, time, and toys
D) Engaging in structured play, having play mates, and materials

Question 8

Self regulation as defined by Shanker refers to:

A) Engaging in exploratory play
B) Being internally motivated to adapt to and understand emotional and what is socially acceptable
C) Participating in structured play
D) Having defined classroom routines

Question 9

Early learning practitioners can help children become intrinsically motivated by:

A) Praising children's work when it is well done
B) Encouraging children to create a finished product
C) Providing stimulating environments with play choices
D) Comparing one child's work to another child's work

Question 10

It is thought that behaviour such as bullying stems from:

A) A deficit in self-regulation, intrinsic motivation, and self-esteem
B) Watching too much television and action movies
C) A deficit in a child's neural functioning
D) The influence of older siblings

Question 11

Seven common characteristics of play have been identified. They include:

A) Play is active, self-initiated and focused
B) Play is best executed indoors
C) Play is restricted to specific times during the day
D) Play is predictable in time and materials

Question 12

As infants become more mobile through creeping, crawling, and toddling, their interest in play expands. This occurs during which phase of the play process?

A) Phase 1
B) Phase 2
C) Phase 3
D) Phase 4

Question 13

The third level of play described by Piaget is called:

A) Pretend
B) Games with rules
C) Constructive
D) Functional

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of functional play:

A) Two 5-year-old children role playing customers in a store
B) Preschoolers repeating a pattern in a block structure
C) A toddler who pretends to eat a plastic apple
D) A 4-year-old who talks to an imaginary friend

Question 15

According to Seagoe, children from ages 7 to 9 participate in what type of play?

A) Exploratory
B) Associative
C) Onlooker
D) Cooperative/Competitive

Question 16

Two children are in the art centre creating birds from paper towel rolls, feathers, scraps of materials and using scissors. According to Parten's types of play, which are they engaged in?

A) Parallel
B) Dramatic
C) Constructive
D) Exploratory

Question 17

According to the modern psychoanalytical theory of learning through play, children act out feelings and work through areas of challenge using:

A) Role switching and repetition
B) Loose parts
C) Critical thinking
D) Onlooker behaviour

Question 18

According to the psychoanalytical theory, a child will repeat a negative experience many times in order to:

A) Bring meaning to the experience
B) Transfer the negative experience to another
C) Take on the role of the executor of the negative experience
D) Assimilate and accommodate the experience

Question 19

According to Bruner's theoretical construct, play is important because it promotes:

A) Problem solving
B) Knowledge retention
C) Behavioural compliance
D) Artistic development

Question 20

Which of the following theorist is considered a social and cultural theorist?

A) Piaget
B) Erikson
C) Montessori
D) Vygotsky

Question 21

Children's play processes are influenced by:

A) Culture and life experiences
B) The weather and school
C) The food they eat and its nutrients
D) How nice their shoes and clothes look

Question 22

The role of the early learning teacher in preparing appropriate environments of play includes:

A) Providing abundance of materials and equipment in the play area
B) Providing adequate materials and equipment in the play area
C) Providing interventions on what materials a child can explore
D) Providing different play opportunities for different children

Question 23

Play tutoring is when an adult participates with a child or group of children and:

A) Plays alongside the children
B) Takes over the play and asks the children to play with specific material in specific ways
C) Encourages one of the children to tutor other children
D) Takes over the play for a short period of time

Question 24

By co-playing with a child, which of the following is most beneficial outcome?

A) That the adult has an opportunity to role model particular skills and behaviours
B) That the adult gets to try out new toys
C) That the adult gets to decide the theme of the week
D) That the adult focuses and learns about their own creativity and interests.

Question 25

Children are being increasingly programmed and structured, thus reducing opportunities for play.

Question 26

Children who have consistent play mates enhance their social, moral, and emotional development

Question 27

A child can be trained to be interested and curious.

Question 28

Self-regulation is the ability to manage one's energy state, emotions, behaviours, and attention in ways that are socially acceptable.

Question 29

All human behaviour, including that of young children, is motivated by attempts to satisfy their human needs.

Question 30

Fantasy play is when children use mental images of things and situations that are not actually present to stimulate their play.

Question 31

Active engagement in play is children's work during their early years.

Question 32

An infant's first exposure to play occurs when he or she receives his first toy.

Question 33

Children have not yet developed sophisticated role play during intentional imaginative play.

Question 34

School-age children are not interested in a more structured play that is governed by rules.

Question 35

Games with rules may include outdoor play games such as street hockey or skipping games, or indoor games including board, card, and computer games.

Question 36

Narrative modes of thinking refer to children learning by doing, then expressing their learning through storytelling.

Question 37

In order for learning through play to occur, the child must engage in an adaptation process. This requires the child to incorporate new information into existing structures known as assimilation.

Question 38

Zone of proximal development is a theory developed by Goncu.

Question 39

Critical theorists examine how play is influenced by gender, class, and race inequalities within society

Question 40

Describe Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory and explain how it impacts the practice of an early learning practitioner.

Question 41

Explain why children's play experiences should focus on the process of play rather than the production of a product?

Question 42

Why would play be considered symbolic and transformational? Give a detailed example.

Question 43

Describe what an early learning practitioner can do to expand opportunities for children to be curious and challenged.

Question 44

Discuss the relationship of play, learning, and intrinsic motivation.