Deck 7: Theories and Models Commonly Used for Health Promotion Interventions

Question 1

The primary elements or the building blocks of a theory are

A) models.
B) concepts.
C) constructs.
D) variables.

Answer 1

concepts.

Question 2

An example of a construct would be the

A) Health Belief Model.
B) Social Cognitive Theory.
C) Perceived Barrier.
D) Likert Scale.

Answer 2

Perceived Barrier.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT true about theories?

A) They aid in identifying information.
B) They are needed before developing an intervention.
C) They provide a concrete framework which all health behaviors fit consistently into.
D) They aid in providing direction and justification for program activities.

Answer 3

They provide a concrete framework which all health behaviors fit consistently into.

Question 4

The Areas of Responsibility that relate most directly to health promotion models and theories of behavior change are

A) Area II and Area IV.
B) Area I and Area II.
C) Area III and Area V.
D) Area VI and Area VII.

Question 5

According to the Stimulus-Response Theory, reducing health insurance benefits for employees who continue to participate in a health-harming behavior is an example of

A) positive reinforcement.
B) negative reinforcement.
C) positive punishment.
D) negative punishment.

Question 6

When a group facilitator provides positive verbal feedback to a participant, it is an example of

A) self-reinforcement.
B) vicarious reinforcement.
C) direct reinforcement.
D) behavioral capability.

Question 7

The Ecological Perspective recognizes multiple levels of intervention including all of the following EXCEPT

A) interpersonal.
B) environmental.
C) institutional.
D) interracial.

Question 8

According to the Theory of Reasoned Action,

A) attitude is the person's history with the behavior.
B) intention is an indication of a person's readiness to perform a behavior.
C) subjective norm is the belief that the person can accomplish the change.
D) belief is knowing that the health education specialist will be able to make the change for the client.

Question 9

If people are to exercise aerobically, first they must know that aerobic exercise exists, and second they need to know how to do it properly. This is an example of

A) behavioral capability.
B) expectations.
C) self-control.
D) self-efficacy.

Question 10

When a person exercises to achieve weight loss, prevent heart disease, and lower blood pressure he or she is acting according to which component of the Health Belief Model?

A) Perceived Barriers
B) Perceived Susceptibility
C) Perceived Benefits
D) Perceived Seriousness

Question 11

When a person stops smoking because they recently had close friend die of lung cancer, which construct of the Health Belief Model is this consistent with?

A) Perceived Barriers
B) Perceived Susceptibility
C) Perceived Benefits
D) Perceived Seriousness

Question 12

Which theory/model was originally designed to explain the effects of fear appeals on health attitudes and behaviors?

A) Protective Motivation Theory
B) Elaboration Likelihood Model
C) Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skill Model
D) Social Cognitive Theory

Question 13

Which construct of the Transtheoretical Model focuses on weighing the pros and cons?

A) Stages of Change
B) Process of Changes
C) Decisional Balance
D) Self Efficacy

Question 14

According to the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skill Model, prevention motivation includes both

A) personal and environmental motivation.
B) personal and social motivation.
C) internal and external motivation.
D) positive and negative motivation.

Question 15

In what stage of the Transtheoretical Model does a person actively plan change?

A) Precontemplation
B) Contemplation
C) Preparation
D) Action

Question 16

For Janice to lose weight, she must believe both that she is able to lose weight and that the weight loss will benefit her health. These beliefs are examples of

A) self-esteem and efficacy.
B) efficacy and outcome expectations.
C) positive reinforcement and strategic change.
D) positive punishment and locus of control.

Question 17

In the Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion (ELM)

A) there is only one route of attitude change, peripheral process.
B) the model specifies how persuasion can have an impact on variables.
C) elaboration means the amount of cognitive processing that a person puts into receiving messages.
D) the process has not been successful with message tailoring.

Question 18

All of the following ways will increase a participant's exercise self-efficacy, EXCEPT

A) walking on a treadmill.
B) watching one's peers exercise.
C) experiencing delayed-onset soreness from exercising.
D) encouraging words from a personal trainer.

Question 19

Which of the following models would best explain why women perform monthly self exams to reduce their risk of breast cancer?

A) Precaution Adaption Process Model
B) Protective Motivation Theory
C) Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skill Model
D) Social Cognitive Theory

Question 20

The first group of individuals to adopt a new program are referred to as

A) early adopters.
B) early majority.
C) laggards.
D) innovators.

Question 21

Variables specify how a construct is to be measured in a specific situation.

Question 22

A model is a subclass of a theory.

Question 23

Program planning models help explain how behavior change takes place.

Question 24

An individual who has a lower cholesterol level after improved eating habits is experiencing negative reinforcement.

Question 25

Program planners have a much better chance of success if they select one behavior change theory and use it exclusively, rather than trying to use two or more.

Question 26

The Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) is a stage model focused on how people come to the decision to take action, and translate the decision into action.

Question 27

An ex-smoker who believes that she can turn down a cigarette after a meal is said to have high self-efficacy.

Question 28

Social networks can impact health, but the specifics of who is the most impacted and how best to set up and use social networks are well known to health education specialists.

Question 29

At the intrapersonal level, theories of health behavior assume individuals exist within and are influenced by a social environment.

Question 30

Expectancies are values that individuals place on an expected outcome.

Question 31

Gaining control over our own behavior through monitoring and adjusting is known as reciprocal determinism.

Question 32

All of the theories that are commonly used to design interventions for health promotion programs have limitations.

Question 33

What are the four main ways individuals gain self-efficacy?

Question 34

Differentiate between the maintenance and termination stages of the Transtheoretical Model.

Question 35

The Community Readiness Model has nine stages. What are they?

Question 36

What is the difference between the terms lapse and relapse?

Question 37

The Diffusion Theory has five stages. What are they?