Deck 14: Adolescent Nutrition

Question 1

There is a great deal of variation in the timing of puberty based on racial and ethnic background.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Females who mature later have been found to have more eating problems and poorer body image than their peers who develop early.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Physical activity is defined as planned,structured,and repetitive activities that are done to improve or maintain physical fitness.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Physical activity has been shown to increase steadily throughout adolescence.

Question 5

The DRI for energy for adolescents is based upon the assumption of a moderate to high activity level.

Question 6

Data suggest that vegetarian adolescents consume more fruits and vegetables,fewer sweets,fewer salty snack foods,and less fat compared to omnivorous teens.

Question 7

Menarche may be delayed in highly competitive athletes or in girls who severely restrict their caloric intake to reduce body weight.

Question 8

Weight dissatisfaction is common among adolescent females during and immediately following puberty.

Question 9

Body image issues are not much of a concern during middle adolescence.

Question 10

The search for personal autonomy and peer acceptance that characterizes adolescent psychosocial development often leads to the development of health-compromising eating behaviors.

Question 11

SMR stage 5 corresponds with prepubertal growth and development.

Question 12

Teenagers are future-oriented and tend to be concerned about how their eating will affect them in later years.

Question 13

Males are much more likely to report having two or more sodas per day than are females.

Question 14

Determination of energy needs based on velocity of growth will provide a better estimate than one based on chronological age.

Question 15

Lunch is the most commonly skipped meal.

Question 16

Each individual experiences psychosocial development at the same rate.

Question 17

During adolescence,fiber intake among males increases slightly with age,while it decreases with age among females.

Question 18

More frequent family meals are associated with improved dietary intake among adolescents.

Question 19

The emergence of abstract reasoning skills occurs rapidly during middle adolescence.

Question 20

The dramatic physical growth and development experienced by adolescents is less than the rate of growth experienced during infancy.

Question 21

The NHANWA III found that non-Hispanic Black females and Mexican American females experienced thelarche at _____ years old.

A) ​9.0
B) ​9.6
C) ​10.0
D) ​10.6
E) ​11.0

Question 22

The availability of calcium from soy beverages appears high.

Question 23

​The average age of menarche is _____ years.

A) ​11.5
B) ​12.5
C) ​13.5
D) ​14.5
E) ​15.5

Question 24

Teens below the 15th percentile of weight-for-height or BMI-for-age are considered to be underweight.

Question 25

Under half of U.S.adolescents attend a physical education class at least once a week.

Question 26

​Research by Frisch suggests that _____ percent body fat is required to the development and maintenance of regular ovulatory cycles.

A) ​15
B) ​18
C) ​20
D) ​22
E) ​25

Question 27

Adolescent vegetarians have been found to be at high risk for engaging in unhealthy and often extreme weight-loss behaviors.

Question 28

​Conflicts over personal issues,including eating and physical activity behaviors,are heightened during _____ adolescence.

A) ​early
B) ​middle
C) ​late
D) ​early and late
E) ​all stages of

Question 29

​Adolescence is usually defined as the period of life between _____ years of age.

A) ​10 and 16
B) ​11 and 17
C) ​15 and 18
D) ​11 and 21
E) ​18 and 22

Question 30

​At SMR stage _____,sexual maturation has concluded.

A) ​1
B) ​2
C) ​3
D) ​4
E) ​5

Question 31

​The use of stimulant medications for conditions such as _____ has been suggested to reduce or delay linear growth velocity among adolescent males.

A) ADHD​
B) ​hyperlipidemia
C) ​hypertension
D) ​type 2 diabetes
E) ​iron-deficiency anemia

Question 32

​Cognitively,early adolescence is a time dominated,in part,by _____.

A) ​a reduction in impulsive behavior
B) ​abstract thinking
C) ​egocentrism
D) ​the development of social independence from family
E) ​the development of a personal identity

Question 33

​Which supplement is often among those required by vegans unless fortified foods are routinely consumed?

A) ​fiber
B) ​folic acid
C) ​vitamin C
D) ​vitamin E
E) ​iron

Question 34

​For adolescent males,the peak velocity of linear growth occurs at _____ years of age,on average.

A) ​11.5
B) ​12.7
C) ​13.2
D) ​14.4
E) ​15.9

Question 35

​Food choices made by adolescents while snacking tend to favor foods high in _____.

A) ​sugar,sodium,and fat
B) ​vitamins and minerals
C) ​carbohydrates and fiber
D) ​protein and calories
E) ​added sugar,calcium,and potassium

Question 36

​Bone is composed largely of calcium,protein,and _____.

A) ​fat
B) ​iron
C) ​vitamin D
D) ​potassium
E) ​phosphorus

Question 37

​During peak weight gain,adolescent males gain an average of _____ pounds per year.

A) ​5
B) ​10
C) ​15
D) ​20
E) ​25

Question 38

​Late adolescence is characterized,in part,by _____.

A) ​concrete thinking
B) ​egocentrism
C) ​the development of individual moral beliefs
D) ​impulsive behavior
E) ​the emergence of abstract reasoning skills

Question 39

​Snacks account for approximately _____% of daily food energy among adolescents.

A) ​15
B) ​25
C) ​35
D) 45
E) ​55

Question 40

Research has shown that availability of healthy foods including fruits and vegetables in the home is associated with higher intake of these foods and lower BMI.

Question 41

​A reasonable number of goals to work toward during a counseling session with an adolescent would be _____.

A) ​one or two
B) ​three or four
C) ​five
D) ​seven or eight
E) ​nine or ten

Question 42

​There appears to be an inverse relationship between serum _____ and vitamin D levels.

A) ​insulin
B) ​triglyceride
C) ​cholesterol
D) ​parathyroid hormone
E) ​erythropoietin

Question 43

An underweight 17-year-old male was 15 minutes late to his nutrition counseling appointment and he has to leave for a school-related practice in 20 minutes.Which dietary assessment method would be the most appropriate for the dietitian to begin assessing his food-intake pattern as well as a method that he could reliably complete on the telephone at a later time?

A) 24-hour recall​
B) ​food frequency
C) ​food record
D) ​diet history
E) ​ASA24

Question 44

Severe folate deficiency results in the development of _____,which is rare among adolescents.​

A) ​pellagra
B) ​megaloblastic anemia
C) ​beriberi
D) ​scurvy
E) ​rickets

Question 45

​Which group has the highest protein requirement?

A) ​males 9-13 years
B) ​males 15-18 years
C) ​females 9-13 years
D) ​females 15-18 years
E) ​males and females 15-18

Question 46

​An environmental/community factor that influences eating behaviors is _____.

A) ​self-efficacy
B) ​parent modeling
C) ​health status
D) ​mass media
E) ​food distribution

Question 47

​On average,adolescents consume diets inadequate in several vitamins and minerals,including _____.

A) ​iodine
B) ​vitamin C
C) ​fluoride
D) ​potassium
E) ​vitamin B12

Question 48

​Which vegetarian diet excludes meat,poultry,fish,seafood,eggs,and dairy products?

A) ​partial-vegetarian
B) ​vegan
C) ​lacto-ovo-vegetarian
D) ​lacto-vegetarian
E) ​macrobiotic

Question 49

​Studies show that adequate intakes of folate prior to pregnancy can reduce the incidence of _____.

A) ​spina bifida
B) ​cerebral palsy
C) ​ADHD
D) ​ASD
E) ​type 1 diabetes

Question 50

The linear growth spurt generally ceases by age _____ in most females.​

A) ​14
B) ​15
C) ​16
D) ​17
E) ​18

Question 51

​Diets consumed by many teens exceed current recommendations for total and saturated fats,cholesterol,sodium,and _____.

A) ​added sugar
B) ​iron
C) ​zinc
D) ​fiber
E) ​calcium

Question 52

​Current recommendations suggest that no more than _____ percent of calories be derived from saturated fat.

A) ​1
B) ​3
C) ​5
D) ​8
E) ​10

Question 53

​A personal and interpersonal factor that influences eating behaviors is _____.

A) ​food availability
B) ​food preference
C) ​food production
D) ​food distribution
E) ​social status

Question 54

​By the age of 18,more than _____% of adult skeletal mass has been formed,thus adolescence is a critical time for osteoporosis prevention.

A) ​50
B) ​65
C) ​75
D) ​85
E) ​90

Question 55

​Mass media and advertising are among the _____ factors that play a more distal and indirect role in determining food patterns,yet can exert a powerful influence on specific food choices?

A) ​behavioral
B) ​microenvironmental
C) ​macrosystem
D) ​cognitive-affective
E) ​immediate social environmental

Question 56

​What is the DRI for calcium for 9- to 18-year-olds?

A) ​1,000 mg/day
B) ​1,100 mg/day
C) ​1,200 mg/day
D) ​1,300 mg/day
E) ​1,400 mg/day

Question 57

​The DRIs set the recommended intake of dietary fiber for adolescent females at _____ g/day.

A) ​26
B) ​31
C) ​38
D) ​40
E) ​43

Question 58

Repeated measurements of weight,height,and _____ over a several-month period are needed to accurately assess adequacy of growth and development.

A) body composition​
B) ​waist circumference
C) ​BMI
D) ​muscular strength
E) ​flexibility

Question 59

​The recommended intake of carbohydrate among teens is _____ g/day,or 45-65 percent of daily energy needs.

A) ​100
B) ​110
C) ​120
D) ​130
E) ​140

Question 60

​Which indicator of iron stores is the most sensitive?

A) ​hemoglobin
B) ​hematocrit
C) ​plasma ferritin
D) ​apolipoprotein A-1
E) ​apolipoprotein B

Question 61

Matching
a.going 24 hours or more without eating
b.​one of the two male reproductive glands located in the scrotum
c.physiological changes that signal puberty
d.measure of iron status obtained from blood plasma or serum samples
e.scale of secondary sexual characteristics that allows health professionals to assess the degree of pubertal maturation among adolescents,regardless of chronological age
f.concept of influencing but not restricting choices in an effort to change behavioral cues​
g.​level commonly used to determine iron-deficiency anemia
h.​time frame during which the body matures from that of a child to that of a young adult
i.occurrence of the first menstrual cycle
j.​process of menstruation
hemoglobin value

Question 62

Matching
a.going 24 hours or more without eating
b.​one of the two male reproductive glands located in the scrotum
c.physiological changes that signal puberty
d.measure of iron status obtained from blood plasma or serum samples
e.scale of secondary sexual characteristics that allows health professionals to assess the degree of pubertal maturation among adolescents,regardless of chronological age
f.concept of influencing but not restricting choices in an effort to change behavioral cues​
g.​level commonly used to determine iron-deficiency anemia
h.​time frame during which the body matures from that of a child to that of a young adult
i.occurrence of the first menstrual cycle
j.​process of menstruation
transferrin saturation

Question 63

Matching
a.going 24 hours or more without eating
b.​one of the two male reproductive glands located in the scrotum
c.physiological changes that signal puberty
d.measure of iron status obtained from blood plasma or serum samples
e.scale of secondary sexual characteristics that allows health professionals to assess the degree of pubertal maturation among adolescents,regardless of chronological age
f.concept of influencing but not restricting choices in an effort to change behavioral cues​
g.​level commonly used to determine iron-deficiency anemia
h.​time frame during which the body matures from that of a child to that of a young adult
i.occurrence of the first menstrual cycle
j.​process of menstruation
​secondary sexual characteristics

Question 64

Matching
a.going 24 hours or more without eating
b.​one of the two male reproductive glands located in the scrotum
c.physiological changes that signal puberty
d.measure of iron status obtained from blood plasma or serum samples
e.scale of secondary sexual characteristics that allows health professionals to assess the degree of pubertal maturation among adolescents,regardless of chronological age
f.concept of influencing but not restricting choices in an effort to change behavioral cues​
g.​level commonly used to determine iron-deficiency anemia
h.​time frame during which the body matures from that of a child to that of a young adult
i.occurrence of the first menstrual cycle
j.​process of menstruation
fasting​

Question 65

What is the most commonly skipped meal among adolescents? How does this affect overall nutrient intake?

Question 66

​Which dietary assessment tool would most likely be appropriate for someone who needs to measure food portions and is highly motivated?

A) ​24-hour recall
B) ​food frequency
C) ​food record
D) ​diet history
E) ​ASA24

Question 67

Matching
a.going 24 hours or more without eating
b.​one of the two male reproductive glands located in the scrotum
c.physiological changes that signal puberty
d.measure of iron status obtained from blood plasma or serum samples
e.scale of secondary sexual characteristics that allows health professionals to assess the degree of pubertal maturation among adolescents,regardless of chronological age
f.concept of influencing but not restricting choices in an effort to change behavioral cues​
g.​level commonly used to determine iron-deficiency anemia
h.​time frame during which the body matures from that of a child to that of a young adult
i.occurrence of the first menstrual cycle
j.​process of menstruation
​testes

Question 68

Matching
a.going 24 hours or more without eating
b.​one of the two male reproductive glands located in the scrotum
c.physiological changes that signal puberty
d.measure of iron status obtained from blood plasma or serum samples
e.scale of secondary sexual characteristics that allows health professionals to assess the degree of pubertal maturation among adolescents,regardless of chronological age
f.concept of influencing but not restricting choices in an effort to change behavioral cues​
g.​level commonly used to determine iron-deficiency anemia
h.​time frame during which the body matures from that of a child to that of a young adult
i.occurrence of the first menstrual cycle
j.​process of menstruation
​puberty

Question 69

What are the current recommendations for adolescents regarding physical activity and what are the benefits of regular physical activity?

Question 70

During a nutrition screening,adolescents who have been found to have a nutrition-related health risk,such as hyperlipidemia,should be _____.

A) ​further assessed for use of anabolic steroids
B) ​further assessed for an eating disorder
C) ​referred for in-depth medical assessment and nutrition counseling
D) ​further assessed for dysfunctional eating behaviors
E) ​referred to an exercise physiologist

Question 71

Why is vitamin D important in the body? Generally,who is at risk for low levels of vitamin D?

Question 72

Matching
a.going 24 hours or more without eating
b.​one of the two male reproductive glands located in the scrotum
c.physiological changes that signal puberty
d.measure of iron status obtained from blood plasma or serum samples
e.scale of secondary sexual characteristics that allows health professionals to assess the degree of pubertal maturation among adolescents,regardless of chronological age
f.concept of influencing but not restricting choices in an effort to change behavioral cues​
g.​level commonly used to determine iron-deficiency anemia
h.​time frame during which the body matures from that of a child to that of a young adult
i.occurrence of the first menstrual cycle
j.​process of menstruation
menses​

Question 73

Matching
a.going 24 hours or more without eating
b.​one of the two male reproductive glands located in the scrotum
c.physiological changes that signal puberty
d.measure of iron status obtained from blood plasma or serum samples
e.scale of secondary sexual characteristics that allows health professionals to assess the degree of pubertal maturation among adolescents,regardless of chronological age
f.concept of influencing but not restricting choices in an effort to change behavioral cues​
g.​level commonly used to determine iron-deficiency anemia
h.​time frame during which the body matures from that of a child to that of a young adult
i.occurrence of the first menstrual cycle
j.​process of menstruation
libertarian paternalism

Question 74

Why do some adolescents engage in risky behavior during puberty? How can you decrease the likelihood that adolescents will engage in health-compromising behavior?

Question 75

​DHA is found in _____.

A) ​pork
B) ​pasta
C) ​corn oil
D) ​flaxseed
E) ​yogurt

Question 76

Matching
a.going 24 hours or more without eating
b.​one of the two male reproductive glands located in the scrotum
c.physiological changes that signal puberty
d.measure of iron status obtained from blood plasma or serum samples
e.scale of secondary sexual characteristics that allows health professionals to assess the degree of pubertal maturation among adolescents,regardless of chronological age
f.concept of influencing but not restricting choices in an effort to change behavioral cues​
g.​level commonly used to determine iron-deficiency anemia
h.​time frame during which the body matures from that of a child to that of a young adult
i.occurrence of the first menstrual cycle
j.​process of menstruation
​sexual maturation rating

Question 77

​Adolescents who follow a _____ diet exclude meat,poultry,fish,and seafood from their diet but will consume dairy products and eggs.

A) ​macrobiotic
B) ​lacto-vegetarian
C) ​vegan
D) ​lacto-ovo-vegetarian
E) ​partial-vegetarian

Question 78

What are the four "Ps" of marketing? Using the four "Ps," discuss some strategies based on behavioral economics that schools can utilize to improve eating behaviors.

Question 79

During a nutrition counselling session how can you better involve an adolescent in decision-making processes?

Question 80

Matching
a.going 24 hours or more without eating
b.​one of the two male reproductive glands located in the scrotum
c.physiological changes that signal puberty
d.measure of iron status obtained from blood plasma or serum samples
e.scale of secondary sexual characteristics that allows health professionals to assess the degree of pubertal maturation among adolescents,regardless of chronological age
f.concept of influencing but not restricting choices in an effort to change behavioral cues​
g.​level commonly used to determine iron-deficiency anemia
h.​time frame during which the body matures from that of a child to that of a young adult
i.occurrence of the first menstrual cycle
j.​process of menstruation
menarche​