Deck 22: Drugs for Kidney, Acid-Base, and Electrolyte Disorders

Question 1

A patient is in chronic renal failure. Based on this diagnosis, what would the pharmacist anticipate the patient might require regarding medications?

A) Higher dosages of medications than would a patient with normally functioning kidneys
B) The same medication dosage as would a patient with normally functioning kidneys
C) A significant dosage reduction in most medications
D) A kidney transplant

Answer 1

A significant dosage reduction in most medications

Question 2

A patient is receiving IV furosemide. The pharmacist will monitor for which adverse effect?

A) Bradycardia
B) Vomiting
C) Nausea
D) Hypotension

Answer 2

Hypotension

Question 3

The patient is receiving dextran 40 as a fluid replacement agent. What is the mechanism of action for this solution?

A) It replaces electrolytes.
B) It increases osmotic pressure.
C) It leaves the blood and enters cells.
D) It promotes urine output.

Answer 3

It increases osmotic pressure.

Question 4

The pharmacist is providing education to a patient on a loop diuretic. Which foods high in potassium should the pharmacist include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) Dried fruits
B) Broccoli
C) Bananas
D) Peanut butter
E) Coffee

Question 5

The patient has been prescribed furosemide. What are the potential side effects of this treatment? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) Dehydration
B) Dizziness
C) Hypotension
D) Dysrhythmias
E) Hyperkalemia

Question 6

The pharmacist is presenting education regarding the use of diuretics. What conditions should the pharmacist include in the educational session regarding the use of diuretics? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) Pulmonary edema
B) Heart failure
C) Hypertension
D) Hypotension
E) Dependent edema

Question 7

Most of the water in the filtrate is excreted.

Question 8

Furosemide is considered a potent diuretic since it blocks the reabsorption of calcium in the ascending loop of Henle where the concentration of calcium is the highest, so more calcium stays it the filtrate causing more urine production and a greater reduction in blood volume and blood pressure.

Question 9

Most diuretic drugs cause sodium, potassium, and water to be excreted in the urine.

Question 10

If your pH is above 7.45, you are suffering from a condition known as alkalosis.

Question 11

The reason that a thiazide diuretic is often given with a potassium sparing diuretic in the same tablet is to reduce the amount of water lost while still allowing potassium to be excreted in the urine.

Question 12

Sodium bicarbonate is used to reverse alkalosis while ammonium chloride or sodium chloride with potassium chloride is used to reverse acidosis.

Question 13

Explain what is acidosis and alkalosis, what are their symptoms, and how do you treat each.

Question 14

Explain how and where the different types of diuretics work and give examples of each type.

Question 15

How is kidney function determined?