Question 1

Why is hemostasis important? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.&#10;A) To protect the body from both external and internal injuries&#10;B) To prevent shock and death due to bleeding from wounds&#10;C) To maintain a delicate balance between blood fluidity and coagulation&#10;D) To maintain body temperature in times of stress

Accepted Answer

Hemostasis is crucial for stopping bleeding from wounds (both external and internal), which helps prevent shock and death. It also maintains a balance between blood fluidity and coagulation, ensuring that blood flows when needed but can clot to prevent excessive bleeding. Maintaining body temperature in times of stress is not directly related to hemostasis.

Question 2

What happens in the coagulation cascade when prothrombinase is activated after an injury?&#10;A) Fibrinogen changes to fibrin&#10;B) Prothrombin changes to thrombin&#10;C) Plasminogen changes to plasmin&#10;D) Thrombin changes to prothrombin

Accepted Answer

Prothrombinase activates prothrombin to convert it into thrombin, which is a crucial step in the coagulation cascade leading to the formation of a blood clot.

Question 3

A clot within an artery that blocks blood flow to the brain is called:&#10;A) Myocardial infarction&#10;B) Deep vein thrombosis&#10;C) Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)/stroke&#10;D) Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Accepted Answer

A clot within an artery that blocks blood flow to the brain is referred to as a Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA), commonly known as a stroke.

Question 4

A patient has been prescribed an antiplatelet drug, and asks the pharmacist to explain why this medication has been prescribed. Which response by the pharmacist is the most appropriate?&#10;A) &#34;These medications are used to dissolve such life-threatening clots.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;These medications are used to prevent clot formation in arteries.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;These medications are used to prevent the formation of clots.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;These medications inhibit the normal removal of fibrin, thus keeping the clot in place for a longer period of time.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Antiplatelet drugs are specifically used to prevent the formation of blood clots in the arteries, which can lead to conditions such as heart attacks and strokes. They work by inhibiting the aggregation of platelets, a crucial step in the clot formation process.

Question 5

A patient has been prescribed clopidogrel. The pharmacist instructs the patient that which types of drugs can increase the risk for bleeding? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) Anticoagulants
B) Ibuprofen
C) Thrombolytic agents
D) Some antibiotics
E) Aspirin

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient has been prescribed clopidogrel. The...

Question 6

What are the primary subclasses of antiplatelet agents? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.&#10;A) Thrombolytics&#10;B) Aspirin (ASA)&#10;C) Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor blockers&#10;D) Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers&#10;E) Antipyretic agents

Accepted Answer

Antiplatelet agents work by inhibiting platelet aggregation, which is crucial in the formation of blood clots. Aspirin (ASA) inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is necessary for thromboxane production, a promoter of platelet aggregation. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor blockers, such as clopidogrel, prevent ADP from binding to its receptor on the platelet surface, which is necessary for platelet aggregation. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers, like abciximab, block the final common pathway for platelet aggregation by preventing fibrinogen from binding to its receptor on platelets. Thrombolytics are used to dissolve blood clots and are not antiplatelet agents. Antipyretic agents reduce fever and are not directly involved in inhibiting platelet aggregation.

Question 7

A patient has been prescribed a subcutaneous anticoagulant. Which anticoagulant can the nurse administer subcutaneously? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) Lepirudin
B) Dalteparin
C) Enoxaparin
D) Warfarin
E) Insulin

Accepted Answer

Dalteparin and enoxaparin are low-molecular-weight heparins that can be administered subcutaneously.

Question 8

Too much clotting can be just as deadly as too little.

Accepted Answer

Too much clotting can lead to conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or stroke, which can be life-threatening, just as too little clotting can lead to dangerous bleeding.

Question 9

Thrombin causes the change of plasminogen to plasmin, which causes the formation of fibrin strands and a clot.

Accepted Answer

change of fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 10

An embolism is a thrombus or clot which has moved from its origin.

Accepted Answer

An embolism is indeed a clot (or thrombus) that has broken loose and traveled from its original location in the body to another location, potentially causing blockages in other parts of the circulatory system.

Question 11

Heparin works on thrombin while warfarin works on prothrombin formation, which is why warfarin works immediately.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Heparin works on thrombin while warfarin works...

Question 12

Patients on warfarin should not eat large or inconsistent amounts of foods high in vitamin K (e.g., broccoli) because it interferes with clotting time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Patients on warfarin should not eat large...

Question 13

The therapeutic effect of thrombolytics is greater when they are administered as soon as possible after clot formation occurs, preferably within 48 hours.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The therapeutic effect of thrombolytics is greater...

Question 14

What is the rationale for a doctor prescribing a daily dosage of baby aspirin for a client with thromboembolic disease?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the rationale for a doctor...

Question 15

Taking into account the steps to achieve fibrinolysis, indicate where/how antifibrinolytics and thrombolytics work.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Taking into account the steps to achieve...

Question 16

Why is heparin started in the hospital after an MI yet the patient goes home on warfarin?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is heparin started in the hospital...

Deck 15: Drugs for Coagulation Disorders