Deck 19: Nutrition and Older Adults Conditions and Interventions

Question 1

The majority of older Americans have one or more chronic diseases.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

​In free-living older adults,nutritional risk status was found to be the most important predictor of _____.

A) ​total number of physician visits
B) ​home visits by physicians
C) ​ambulatory surgery rates
D) ​medication rates
E) ​total number of pharmacy visits

Answer 2

A

Question 3

​Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in old age remain the same as in younger adults except that the factors have _____ in old age.

A) ​more predictive value
B) ​no predictive value
C) ​less predictive value
D) ​fewer repetitions
E) ​more meaning

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Increased methylmalonic acid blood levels in the elderly are always related to a vitamin B12 deficiency.

Question 5

The amount of stored body water decreases with age.

Question 6

​Among the more common comorbidities among older Americans is _____.

A) ​osteoporosis.
B) ​unintentional injury
C) ​arthritis
D) ​a hip fracture
E) ​dementia

Question 7

Osteoporosis has been inversely linked to osteoarthritis.

Question 8

Diabetes diagnosis criteria and management goals for older adults are different from those for younger adults.

Question 9

Shrinking in height due to osteoporosis happens quickly and with sharp,jabbing pains in the spinal column.

Question 10

In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)2009-2012,more than _____ of all adults aged 65 years and older reported having diabetes.

A) 1 in 4​
B) ​1 in 5
C) ​1 in 6
D) ​2 in 5
E) ​2 in 7

Question 11

Death rates from high blood pressure are higher for whites than for blacks.

Question 12

The prevalence of stroke in adults age 80 and older is approximately twice that of adults aged 60-79 years.

Question 13

​The two leading causes of death among the elderly are heart disease and _____.

A) ​cancer
B) ​accidents (automobile)
C) ​arthritis
D) ​Alzheimer's/dementia
E) ​diabetes

Question 14

If a doctor prescribes a 500 mg calcium carbonate supplement with a 100 IU vitamin D supplement twice a day,this is considered a prescription drug.

Question 15

Increased homocysteine blood levels in the elderly are always related to vitamin B12 deficiency.

Question 16

Studies have linked the use of aluminum cans to the development of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 17

​The most common cause of dementia is _____.

A) ​pernicious anemia
B) ​Parkinson's disease
C) ​alcoholism
D) ​Alzheimer's disease
E) ​vascular disease

Question 18

​The risk factors for stroke include _____.

A) ​short-term high blood pressure
B) ​living in poverty
C) ​Caucasian ethnicity
D) ​caffeine
E) ​a history of migraines

Question 19

In older adults,BMI is an adequate indicator of excess body fat associated with morbidity and mortality.

Question 20

​What percentage of older people ages 65 and over considers their health to be good to excellent?

A) ​25
B) ​42
C) ​60
D) ​77
E) ​90

Question 21

​Guidelines for treating dehydration in older adults include providing roughly _____ of the overall fluid deficit each day in the form of water or a 5 percent glucose solution.

A) ​10-15%
B) ​15-25%
C) ​25-33%
D) ​35-50%
E) ​50-75%

Question 22

​WHO defines grade 3 thinness as _____.

A) ​BMI 17.0-18.49
B) ​BMI 18.5-19.99
C) ​BMI 20.0-21.49
D) ​BMI 16.0-16.99
E) ​BMI < 16.00

Question 23

​A reasonable Hemoglobin A1C goal for healthy adults aged 65 and older is less than ______.

A) ​3%
B) ​7.5%
C) ​10%
D) ​12%
E) ​15%

Question 24

​The final stage of the grieving process is _____.

A) ​denial
B) ​reestablishment
C) ​guilt
D) ​loss
E) ​disorganization

Question 25

​Approximately _____ of adults aged 65 and over found it difficult or impossible to walk a quarter of a mile or climb 10 steps without resting.

A) ​13%
B) ​25%
C) ​35%
D) ​41%
E) ​55%

Question 26

​The main symptoms of GERD are _____ and acid regurgitation.

A) ​nausea
B) ​diarrhea
C) ​chest pain
D) ​abdominal pain
E) ​heartburn

Question 27

​The only chronic condition that has higher prevalence in older adults than arthritis is _____.

A) ​diabetes
B) ​hypertension
C) ​cancer
D) ​stroke
E) ​osteoporosis

Question 28

​What reading corresponds to the blood pressure of an elderly woman diagnosed with hypertension?

A) ​90 mmHg/70 mmHg
B) ​120 mmHg/70 mmHg
C) ​110 mmHg/80 mmHg
D) ​135 mmHg/85 mmHg
E) ​140 mmHg/90 mmHg

Question 29

​Risk factors for osteoporosis include _____.

A) ​excess calcium intake
B) ​moderate alcohol consumption
C) ​overweight
D) ​sarcopenia
E) ​strength-training exercise

Question 30

​Nutrition advice for people who are taking blood-thinning medication due to a stroke is to _____.

A) ​maintain a stable vitamin K intake
B) ​avoid all foods with vitamin K
C) ​eat vitamin K-rich foods only in the evening and take medication in the morning
D) ​take a supplement of vitamin K along with your medication
E) ​eat large amounts of vitamin K at every meal

Question 31

​An elderly man who is 75 years old and recently had prostate cancer treatments would likely have _____.

A) ​a doubling of bone mass loss
B) ​a slowing of bone mass loss
C) ​a twenty-five percent chance of mortality within 6 months
D) ​a fifty percent chance of mortality within 1 year
E) ​moderate improvement in his bone density

Question 32

​The most common GI-related diagnosis given in clinic visits is ______.

A) ​constipation
B) ​GERD
C) ​diarrhea
D) ​food intolerance
E) ​malabsorption

Question 33

​An overweight elderly woman with type 2 diabetes visits her health care provider.When asked how her blood sugar control has been,the woman remarks,"Better than ever." What blood test could the provider order to verify this?

A) ​hemoglobin
B) ​hematocrit
C) ​hemoglobin A1C
D) ​blood triglycerides
E) ​random finger stick

Question 34

​Obesity is defined as having a body mass index of _____.

A) ​18.5-24.9
B) ​25-29.9
C) ​≥ 30
D) ​≥ 35
E) ​≥ 40

Question 35

​What type of stroke occurs when a weakened blood vessel breaks?

A) ​hemorrhagic
B) ​minor
C) ​ischemic
D) ​brief
E) ​neurological

Question 36

​In the DASH-sodium study,the greatest overall blood pressure reduction occurred in the subjects who _____.

A) ​reduced sodium intake to no more than 2400 mg/day
B) ​reduced sodium intake to no more than 1500 mg/day
C) ​lost 10-15% of their body weight
D) ​increased aerobic activity
E) ​had the highest blood pressure to start

Question 37

​The proportion of people 75 and older who report having no natural teeth in 2011-2012 is _____.

A) ​13%
B) ​26%
C) ​16.9%
D) ​29.2%
E) ​14.9%

Question 38

​The DRI for calcium for women 51 and older is _____.

A) ​1000 mg/day
B) ​1200 mg/day
C) ​1300 mg/day
D) ​1500 mg/day
E) ​2500 mg/day

Question 39

​Development of osteoporosis is delayed when an individual develops _____.

A) ​smaller,lighter bones during youth
B) ​an active lifestyle
C) ​lean body mass during early adulthood
D) ​bigger,denser bones during youth
E) ​adequate fat mass during early adulthood

Question 40

​Diabetes leads to a tenfold greater risk nerve damage,pain,or tingling-known collectively as _____.

A) ​nocturia
B) ​neuropathy
C) ​macular degeneration
D) ​blurred vision
E) ​atherosclerosis

Question 41

​Sarcopenia means _____.

A) ​lack of appetite
B) ​loss of muscle associated with aging
C) ​weight below the 5th percentile for age
D) ​loss of fat mass due to illness
E) ​loss of saliva

Question 42

​Among the effects of dehydration is a(n)_____.

A) ​increase in the resting heart rate
B) ​lack of thirst
C) ​susceptibility to arthritis
D) ​frequency of urination
E) ​decrease in the resting heart rate

Question 43

​The public perception of "being regular" is having a bowel movement _____.

A) ​each morning
B) ​each morning and evening
C) ​thrice daily
D) ​before bedtime
E) ​5 times a week

Question 44

​How does this client's current weight compare to her usual weight?

A) ​She is 67% of her usual body weight
B) ​She is 75% of her usual body weight
C) ​She is 83% of her usual body weight
D) ​She is 92% of her usual body weight
E) ​She is 120% of her usual body weight

Question 45

​To prevent vitamin B12 deficiency,it is recommended that adults 51 and over obtain their vitamin B12 from _____.

A) ​a diet high in animal protein
B) ​a diet featuring leafy green and cruciferous vegetables
C) ​fortified foods and/or supplements
D) ​a primarily vegetarian diet
E) ​drinking non-dairy (soy,nut,etc. )milk products

Question 46

​The first remedy advised for osteoarthritis is _____.

A) ​weight loss if overweight
B) ​an anti-inflammatory eating pattern
C) ​chondroitin and glucosamine supplements to relieve inflammation
D) ​gamma-linolenic acid supplements to help reduce pain and stiffness
E) ​physical therapy

Question 47

​Of individuals with comorbid conditions,four out of 5 have _____ as one these conditions.

A) ​osteoporosis
B) ​hypertension
C) ​dehydration
D) ​diabetes
E) ​arthritis

Question 48

​How does the client's intake compare to her estimated protein needs?

A) ​It is low;based on her current weight,she should be consuming at least 100 g per day.
B) ​It is high;based on her current weight,she should be consuming at least 25 g per day.
C) ​It is low;based on her current weight,she should be consuming between 70 and 99 g per day.
D) ​It is low;based on her current weight,she should be consuming between 45 and 70 g per day.
E) ​It is adequate to meet her needs based on her current weight and Calorie intake.

Question 49

​What is the percentage of older persons who die within a year of breaking a hip?

A) ​2-10
B) ​10-20
C) ​20-28
D) ​25-30
E) ​30-35

Question 50

​For older adults,extra weight during hospitalization appears to be _____.

A) ​normal
B) ​risky
C) ​rare
D) ​difficult to manage
E) ​protective

Question 51

Blood-thinning medications may warrant keeping the amount of vitamin K consumed at a constant level.Which food would be the best source of vitamin K?

A) blueberries​
B) ​lima beans
C) ​chickpeas
D) ​broccoli
E) ​sweet potatoes

Question 52

​The DASH diet,Prudent Pattern,and Mediterranean Diet are eating patterns associated with reduced _____ incidence.

A) ​hypertension
B) ​stroke
C) ​diabetes
D) ​osteoporosis
E) ​osteoarthritis

Question 53

​A major contributor to hypertension is _____ intake.

A) ​vitamin E
B) ​protein
C) ​fiber
D) ​salt
E) ​sugar

Question 54

​Cardioprotective medications constituted about _____ percent of all prescriptions in 2009-2010.

A) ​26
B) ​35
C) ​46
D) ​52
E) ​65

Question 55

​Factor that may prevent a diabetic from achieving tight blood sugar control include _____.

A) ​use of medications that combat hypoglycemia
B) ​being overweight
C) ​declining cognitive function
D) ​a new support system
E) ​the likelihood for self-care

Question 56

​Having a deficiency of which nutrients has been implicated in increased blood levels of homocysteine in the elderly?

A) ​vitamin B12,folate,and iron
B) ​vitamin B12,vitamin B6,and folate
C) ​calcium,vitamin D,and vitamin B12
D) ​all the B vitamins and vitamin C
E) ​fat-soluble vitamins only (A,D,E,K)

Question 57

​What is the BMI range associated with the lowest mortality in older adults?

A) ​<18.5
B) ​<23
C) ​24.0-30.9
D) ​28.0-32.5
E) ​29.5-33.0

Question 58

​Among the seven signs and symptoms associated with dehydration in the elderly is _____.

A) ​hearing difficulty
B) ​confusion
C) ​swollen tongue
D) ​bulging eyes
E) ​lower-body weakness

Question 59

​Which diet-related activity would be likely to help with the client's heartburn?

A) ​just one drink before dinner
B) ​just one cup of coffee after dinner
C) ​a low-fat meal
D) ​a light breakfast but a big supper
E) ​a 30minute nap after eating

Question 60

​Bone mass density that falls _____ below standard deviations below values for healthy young adults denotes osteopenia.

A) ​0.1 - 0.49
B) ​0.5 - 0.99
C) ​1 - 2.5
D) ​2.6 - 3.0
E) ​3.1 - 3.5

Question 61

Matching
a.Reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
b.​The signaling protein that stimulates appetite
c.The muscle enabling closure of the junction between the esophagus and stomach
d.Results from bacterial infections of the gingiva
e.Pain of the tongue
f.​Loss of taste
g.Cells that build bone
h.A bent upper spine
i.Dry mouth
j.Blood clot
k.Vitamin B12
Ghrelin​

Question 62

Name three characteristics that may place some elderly persons at an increased risk for dehydration.Identify five of the seven symptoms of dehydration.

Question 63

Discuss special concerns for self-management training in older adults with diabetes.

Question 64

Matching
a.Reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
b.​The signaling protein that stimulates appetite
c.The muscle enabling closure of the junction between the esophagus and stomach
d.Results from bacterial infections of the gingiva
e.Pain of the tongue
f.​Loss of taste
g.Cells that build bone
h.A bent upper spine
i.Dry mouth
j.Blood clot
k.Vitamin B12
Xerostomia

Question 65

​Given her heartburn,what food choice should the client avoid?

A) ​milk
B) ​mashed potatoes
C) ​protein shake
D) ​decaffeinated tea
E) ​an orange

Question 66

Matching
a.Reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
b.​The signaling protein that stimulates appetite
c.The muscle enabling closure of the junction between the esophagus and stomach
d.Results from bacterial infections of the gingiva
e.Pain of the tongue
f.​Loss of taste
g.Cells that build bone
h.A bent upper spine
i.Dry mouth
j.Blood clot
k.Vitamin B12
​Glossodynia

Question 67

Matching
a.Reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
b.​The signaling protein that stimulates appetite
c.The muscle enabling closure of the junction between the esophagus and stomach
d.Results from bacterial infections of the gingiva
e.Pain of the tongue
f.​Loss of taste
g.Cells that build bone
h.A bent upper spine
i.Dry mouth
j.Blood clot
k.Vitamin B12
Thrombus​

Question 68

Differentiate between the two types of stroke and list factors that place an individual at higher risk for stroke.

Question 69

List nutritional strategies to normalize blood pressure for older adults.Discuss some highlights and features of the DASH diet.

Question 70

Matching
a.Reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
b.​The signaling protein that stimulates appetite
c.The muscle enabling closure of the junction between the esophagus and stomach
d.Results from bacterial infections of the gingiva
e.Pain of the tongue
f.​Loss of taste
g.Cells that build bone
h.A bent upper spine
i.Dry mouth
j.Blood clot
k.Vitamin B12
​Periodontitis

Question 71

Matching
a.Reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
b.​The signaling protein that stimulates appetite
c.The muscle enabling closure of the junction between the esophagus and stomach
d.Results from bacterial infections of the gingiva
e.Pain of the tongue
f.​Loss of taste
g.Cells that build bone
h.A bent upper spine
i.Dry mouth
j.Blood clot
k.Vitamin B12
Cobalamin

Question 72

Matching
a.Reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
b.​The signaling protein that stimulates appetite
c.The muscle enabling closure of the junction between the esophagus and stomach
d.Results from bacterial infections of the gingiva
e.Pain of the tongue
f.​Loss of taste
g.Cells that build bone
h.A bent upper spine
i.Dry mouth
j.Blood clot
k.Vitamin B12
​Dysgeusia

Question 73

Matching
a.Reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
b.​The signaling protein that stimulates appetite
c.The muscle enabling closure of the junction between the esophagus and stomach
d.Results from bacterial infections of the gingiva
e.Pain of the tongue
f.​Loss of taste
g.Cells that build bone
h.A bent upper spine
i.Dry mouth
j.Blood clot
k.Vitamin B12
Osteoblasts

Question 74

A petite,elderly white female,age 68,is referred to a dietitian for counseling about how to get more calcium in her diet.Identify the DRI for calcium and compose a one-day menu sample of how this woman could consume adequate calcium.Also,identify one type of physical activity that would help strengthen her bones but not increase her risk of falling.

Question 75

Discuss nutritional risk factors for the development of constipation,along with nutritional remedies for treating it.

Question 76

Define two types of vitamin B12 deficiency.Identify the DRI for vitamin B12 for older adults and list three good food sources.

Question 77

Matching
a.Reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
b.​The signaling protein that stimulates appetite
c.The muscle enabling closure of the junction between the esophagus and stomach
d.Results from bacterial infections of the gingiva
e.Pain of the tongue
f.​Loss of taste
g.Cells that build bone
h.A bent upper spine
i.Dry mouth
j.Blood clot
k.Vitamin B12
​Kyphosis

Question 78

Discuss what is meant by sarcopenic obesity and considerations for older adults when contemplating weight loss.

Question 79

Matching
a.Reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
b.​The signaling protein that stimulates appetite
c.The muscle enabling closure of the junction between the esophagus and stomach
d.Results from bacterial infections of the gingiva
e.Pain of the tongue
f.​Loss of taste
g.Cells that build bone
h.A bent upper spine
i.Dry mouth
j.Blood clot
k.Vitamin B12
LES

Question 80

Matching
a.Reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
b.​The signaling protein that stimulates appetite
c.The muscle enabling closure of the junction between the esophagus and stomach
d.Results from bacterial infections of the gingiva
e.Pain of the tongue
f.​Loss of taste
g.Cells that build bone
h.A bent upper spine
i.Dry mouth
j.Blood clot
k.Vitamin B12
GERD