Deck 4: Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

A pharmacist is teaching pharmacokinetics to the pharmacology class. What statement, made by a student, would show the class understands this term?

A) "Pharmacokinetics is what the body does to a drug."
B) "Pharmacokinetics is how drugs activate specific receptors."
C) "Pharmacokinetics is what a drug does to the body."
D) "Pharmacokinetics is the efficacy of a drug."

Answer 1

"Pharmacokinetics is what the body does to a drug."

Question 2

The movement of a drug from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called:

A) Diffusion
B) Active transport
C) Osmosis
D) Passive transport

Answer 2

Diffusion

Question 3

The plasma membrane consists of a lipid bilayer that is relatively impermeable to which of the following:

A) Small molecules
B) Ions
C) Non polar molecules
D) Water soluble molecules

Answer 3

Ions

Question 4

Which factor would cause quicker absorption?

A) Solid form versus liquid form
B) Able to mix with water
C) Product is warm versus cold
D) Large particle size

Question 5

Drugs that slow down an enzyme in the CYP450 isoenzyme system would be called:

A) Substrates
B) Inducers
C) Inhibitors
D) Co-enzymes

Question 6

When orally administered drugs proceed directly to the liver to be metabolized prior to being distributed throughout the body, this is called:

A) Diffusion
B) The first-pass effect
C) Enterohepatic recirculation
D) Hepatic portal recirculation

Question 7

In older patients, drugs metabolism differs from a middle aged adult due:

A) The increased number of enzymes the older patient has
B) The decreased function of the enzymes in the older patient
C) Lack of disease processes occurring in the older patient
D) The increased number of medications the middle aged patient is taking versus the older patient

Question 8

Drugs such as ramipril, losartan, and codeine are called prodrugs because they:

A) Require the liver to metabolize the drug in order to make it inactive
B) Require enterohepatic recirculation in order to be active
C) Need other drugs to be taken at the same time to "turn them on" and make them active
D) Require metabolism in order to become active in the body

Question 9

When components of bile are circulated back to the liver from the intestines, this is referred to as

A) Elimination
B) Enterohepatic recirculation
C) Hepatic portal vein circulation
D) First-pass effect

Question 10

For a drug to produce a therapeutic effect, its blood concentration must surpass this level and below it, the drug is not effective.

A) Minimum toxic concentration
B) Therapeutic window
C) Minimum effective concentration
D) Loading dose

Question 11

Side effects with drugs are more common:

A) When the therapeutic range is wide
B) When the therapeutic range is narrow
C) When the MEC is not met
D) When the MTC is not reached

Question 12

A dose higher than normal, such as a double dose, is given in order to reach the therapeutic range faster. This dose is referred to as:

A) The maintenance dose
B) The toxic dose
C) The effective dose
D) The loading dose

Question 13

The dose that is routinely given to maintain the concentration of the drug once the therapeutic level is reached is called:

A) The effective dose
B) The maintenance dose
C) The loading dose
D) The standing order

Question 14

The four processes of pharmacokinetics are administration, distribution, metabolism and elimination.

Question 15

Active transport involves the passive transportation of a substance down the concentration gradient, from high concentration to low concentration.

Question 16

If a drug is taken on an empty stomach, it will be absorbed slower than if taken on a full stomach.

Question 17

If a drug is bound to a plasma protein, it is active.

Question 18

If a pregnant women takes a drug, it will not affect the fetus because it is blocked by the blood-placenta barrier.

Question 19

The main organ of metabolism is the kidney.

Question 20

Alternative routes of drug delivery, other than oral, may be needed if the drug is subject to the first-pass effect.

Question 21

Dosing in pediatrics has to be adjusted due to their under developed metabolic enzymes.

Question 22

A prodrug is active as soon as it is absorbed into the body.

Question 23

Drugs can be excreted from the body via sweat glands, mammary glands, bile, urine, and feces, and by respiration.

Question 24

Enterohepatic recirculation will result in the drug being eliminated from the body faster.

Question 25

A drug with a long half-life of 24 hours will generally be dosed very frequently such as every 6 hours.

Question 26

When drugs are taken together and one drug pushes the other drug below the minimum toxic concentration, side effects typically occur.

Question 27

When a double dose is given on the first day of therapy in order to read the therapeutic concentration of the drug faster, this dose is referred to as the loading dose.

Question 28

Thomas Belliveau is taking one drug four times a day and another drug once daily. He has also started showing decreased liver function. Using the principles discussed in this chapter, explain why one drug needs to be taken only once a day and the second one is taken four times a day to obtain the therapeutic effect. What would probably happen to his dosing due to the decreased liver function?

Question 29

Why is azithromycin dosed with 2 tablets on day one and 1 tablet on days 2 to 5?

Question 30

List factors that increase the absorption of a drug?