Deck 5: The Self: Social to the Core

Question 1

What is the term for the self that includes and extends the boundaries of the body?

Answer 1

the body self or material self

Question 2

Which level of self depends on connections between people?

Answer 2

The social self, a.k.a. the interpersonal self, a.k.a. the relational self

Question 3

What is the difference between trait self-esteem and state self-esteem?

Answer 3

trait self-esteem: a stable personality disposition
- state self-esteem: short-lived self-regard

Question 4

Information that is encountered by and related to the self is generally remembered more clearly than other types of information. What is this phenomenon called?

Question 5

When thinking about the future, David imagines himself as a doctor, lawyer, teacher, or journalist. For David, these are all examples what?

Question 6

When asked to describe themselves, others they like, and others they don't like, people's descriptions tend to revolve around certain themes (e.g. intelligence, friendliness). These qualities, which are obviously important to the respondent in their judgments of other people, are called what?

Question 7

People tend to seek consistency in feedback from other people in a process called what?

Question 8

What is the difference between the isolated self-concept and the interrelated self-concept?

Question 9

What is social comparison theory?

Question 10

Ted had a rough day at work. On his way home, he encounters a homeless person, and thinks to himself, "Well, at least I have a steady income and a place to live, so maybe things aren't so bad." Ted is engaging in what technique to make himself feel better?

Question 11

What is the name for theorists who believe that the self consists completely of others' reactions and apparent perceptions?

Question 12

Cite 2 phenomena that demonstrate how people think that others notice much more about them than they actually do.

Question 13

According to Higgins' (1987) self-discrepancy theory, what are the three self-guides that are used to regulate behavior?

Question 14

Monica has always been a talented singer, and her singing ability is central to her self-concept. Recently, her sister Courtney started taking singing lessons, and has also become quite good. The sense of discomfort and threat that Monica might feel as a result can be explained by what theory?

Question 15

Which self-presentation strategy is most epitomized by parents, teachers, and religious and political leaders?

Question 16

Name the four contexts that guide people's self-descriptions and self-presentations.

Question 17

Brian recently broke up with his girlfriend, and believes that he will never get over it, and that the pain he is experiencing will forever be at the center of his life. He is falling susceptible to what phenomenon?

Question 18

What is the process by which people try to predict how future events will make them feel?

Question 19

The process by which people carefully guide their behavior to match the social situation is called what?

Question 20

According to the Baumeister et al. (1998) study, participants who had to resist the temptation to eat chocolate persisted less on a subsequent puzzle than those who had to resist eating radishes or did not have to resist food at all. The authors concluded that this was due to what?