Deck 3: Matter

Question 1

The example of water and oil in the same container that are separated is an example of two phases existing together with only one state.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In the ____________ state, matter has a definite volume but its constituent atoms are able to flow freely past one another; the material does not retain its own shape but conforms to the shape of its container, taking on a free surface under the influence of gravity.

A) gas
B) solid
C) liquid
D) plasma

Answer 2

liquid

Question 3

In the three states of matter, ____________ takes the shape of the container and also fills the volume of the container; ____________ takes the shape of the container but has a fixed volume; while ____________ keeps its shape and has a fixed volume.

A) gas; liquid; solid
B) gas; solid; liquid
C) liquid; gas; solid
D) liquid; solid; gas
E) solid; liquid; gas

Answer 3

gas; liquid; solid

Question 4

A ____________ is a continuous body with planar surfaces, while a _____________ is embedded in a larger rock.

A) mineral grain; crystal
B) crystal; mineral grain
C) silicate; crystal
D) silicate; mineral grain

Question 5

What obvious characteristic of a mineral sample is usually not helpful for indentifying a mineral?

A) texture
B) color
C) hardness
D) luster
E) density

Question 6

Diamond is the only mineral that is harder than glass according to the Mohs scale.

Question 7

Explain how the chemical composition of a mineral controls its crystal structure.

Question 8

Some minerals contain economically important elements. If you were prospecting in the field, what tools would you carry to help you identify different minerals?

Question 9

The three common __________ of matter with which we are most familiar in our everyday lives are solid, liquid, and gas.

Question 10

__________ are homogeneous masses of material that can be separated from one another by a definable boundary.

Question 11

Colloids that consist of microparticles or nanoparticles suspended in a gas (such as air) are called __________.

Question 12

__________ are atoms with the same atomic number and hence essentially the same chemical properties, but different mass numbers.

Question 13

__________ form when one or more kinds of anion combine chemically with one or more kinds of cation in a specific ratio.

Question 14

The term __________ is specifically applied to compounds consisting of carbon atoms that are joined to other carbon atoms by a strong type of bond called a covalent bond.

Question 15

__________ are long, chainlike polymers made of amino acids bonded together.

Question 16

The __________ of the Earth is a spherical mass composed largely of metallic iron, with smaller amounts of nickel and other elements.

Question 17

The thick shell of dense, rocky matter that surrounds the Earth's core is called the __________ .

Question 18

Above the mantle lies the thinnest and outermost layer of the Earth, the __________ , which consists of rocky matter that is less dense than mantle rock.

Question 19

Within the upper mantle, from 350 to about 100 km below the surface, is a region called the __________ where the balance between temperature and pressure is such that rocks have little strength.

Question 20

This hard outer layer, which includes the uppermost mantle and all of the crust, is called the.

Question 21

A mineral's tendency to break in preferred directions along bright, reflective planar surfaces is called __________.

Question 22

The term __________refers to the relative resistance of a mineral to being scratched.

Question 23

A __________ is any naturally formed, nonliving, firm, coherent aggregate mass of solid matter that constitutes part of a planet (or asteroid, moon, or other related planetary object).

Question 24

The product of rock weathering is a layer of broken-up, disintegrated rock matter called __________ .

Question 25

Water and lava are both liquids.

Question 26

It is not possible for materials to coexist in two different phases but in the same state.

Question 27

Solid, liquid and gas are the only three states of matter.

Question 28

An atom is the smallest individual particle that retains the distinctive properties of a given chemical element and cannot be split into smaller components.

Question 29

When sugar and water are mixed together to form a solution, no chemical change has occurred.

Question 30

Organic compounds can only be produced by living organisms.

Question 31

Lipids are a type of organic molecule and are also polymers.

Question 32

Genes are regions of DNA coded for specific proteins that perform particular functions.

Question 33

Some forms of carbohydrates cannot be digested by humans.

Question 34

Earth is the only terrestrial planet within our solar system.

Question 35

The inner-most core of the Earth is completely liquid.

Question 36

There are transitions between solid and liquid within the Earth that occur without changes in composition.

Question 37

Diamond is not an example of a mineral since it cannot be flaked apart.

Question 38

Glass can be categorized as a mineral.

Question 39

Minerals have a tendency to break in preferred directions along bright, reflective planar surfaces.

Question 40

Metamorphic rock cannot be formed from igneous rock.

Question 41

The longer amounts of time to cool lead to larger mineral grain sizes in igneous rock.

Question 42

Soil is a special type of regolith that contains both organic matter and minerals.

Question 43

Which of the following is the most viscous liquid?

A) water
B) lava
C) diamond
D) a solution of water and sugar

Question 44

When water changes into steam,

A) both a change of state and a change of phase have occurred
B) only a change of state has occurred
C) only a change of phase has occurred
D) neither a change of state nor a change of phase have occurred

Question 45

A glass containing a layer of oil on top of a layer of water would contain:

A) different states and different phases
B) different states but the same phase
C) different phases but the same state
D) the same states and the same phases

Question 46

A glass of water with ice cubes would contain:

A) the same states and the same phases
B) different phases but the same state
C) different states but the same phase
D) different states and different phases

Question 47

_____________ hold their shape to a certain extent, but they are also jellylike and are easily deformed.

A) aerosols
B) plasmas
C) liquids
D) solids
E) colloids

Question 48

A naturally occurring ___________ is fog.

A) plasma
B) colloid
C) aerosol
D) liquid
E) solid

Question 49

The atomic number of an element is given by the number of __________ in its nucleus.

A) energy shells
B) electrons
C) neutrons
D) isotopes
E) protons

Question 50

The mass number of an element is give by the sum of its:

A) protons and isotopes
B) protons and electrons
C) electrons and neutrons
D) protons and neutrons
E) isotopes and electrons

Question 51

In an ionic bond,

A) electrons have been exchanged.
B) protons have been exchanged.
C) neutrons have been exchanged.
D) an isotope is formed.
E) a new element is formed.

Question 52

Water is a _____________ containing oxygen and hydrogen while air is a _____________ of oxygen and nitrogen.

A) solution; mixture
B) mixture; compound
C) solution; compound
D) compound; mixture

Question 53

Which of the following pairs of compounds are considered inorganic?

A) diamonds and carbon dioxide
B) biopolymers and diamonds
C) biopolymers and carbon dioxide
D) proteins and diamonds
E) proteins and biopolymers

Question 54

In polymerization,

A) more than two compounds have been added to a mixture.
B) small molecules are linked together to for long chains or three-dimensional networks.
C) compounds are joined only by ionic bond.
D) a mixture is created by joining multiple compounds.

Question 55

DNA is an example of a:

A) carbohydrate
B) protein
C) nucleic acid
D) lipid
E) steroid

Question 56

Which of the following is a carbohydrate?

A) fat
B) glucose
C) phospholipid
D) wax
E) steroid

Question 57

Which of the following is not an example of a lipid?

A) steroids
B) fats and oils
C) phospholipids
D) waxes
E) proteins

Question 58

Which of the following gives the correct compositional layering of the Earth, from interior to surface?

A) crust, mantle, core
B) core, mantle, crust
C) core, crust, mantle
D) crust, core, mantle
E) mantle, crust, core

Question 59

Which of the following gives the correct order of the zones of rock strength, from the interior to the surface?

A) mesosphere, asthenosphere, lithosphere
B) lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere
C) mesosphere, lithosphere, asthenosphere
D) lithosphere, mesosphere, asthenosphere
E) asthenosphere, mesosphere, lithosphere

Question 60

Which are the two most abundant elements of the Earth's continental crust?

A) iron and aluminum
B) oxygen and aluminum
C) silicon and aluminum
D) oxygen and silicon
E) iron and oxygen

Question 61

Which of the following is not a requirement to be a mineral?

A) naturally formed
B) translucent
C) inorganic
D) solid
E) specific chemical composition

Question 62

The common mineral silicate is composed of:

A) sulfur and oxygen
B) magnesium and oxygen
C) carbon and oxygen
D) silicon and oxygen

Question 63

Which property is always the same for a given mineral?

A) crystal form
B) size of crystal faces
C) size of crystals
D) angle between faces

Question 64

A _______________ is a breakage surface, whereas a _______________ is a growth surface.

A) crystal face; cleavage surface
B) cleavage surface; crystal face
C) crystal form; cleavage surface
D) cleavage surface; crystal form

Question 65

The specific gravity of a mineral is:

A) the average volume per unit mass
B) the ratio of the weight of an equal volume of water to the weight of a substance
C) the average mass per unit volume
D) the ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of water

Question 66

A rock formed from completely molten magma is a ________________ rock, while a rock formed by high temperatures and pressures without complete melting is a ____________ rock.

A) igneous; metamorphic
B) metamorphic; igneous
C) igneous; sedimentary
D) metamorphic; sedimentary
E) sedimentary; igneous

Question 67

On the surface of the Earth, _____________ rocks are most common, while for the crust as a whole ________________ rocks are most common.

A) igneous; metamorphic
B) sedimentary; igneous
C) metamorphic; igneous
D) igneous; sedimentary
E) metamorphic; sedimentary

Question 68

A thin section is often used to examine the ____________ of a rock.

A) luster
B) density
C) hardness
D) cleavage
E) texture

Question 69

Igneous rocks that crystallize underground are ______________ rocks, while _____________ rocks crystallize after emerging from a volcanoe.

A) volcanic; metamorphic
B) volcanic; plutonic
C) plutonic; volcanic
D) metamorphic; volcanic
E) plutonic; metamorphic

Question 70

Plutonic rocks cool more ____________ and have _____________ crystal sizes compared to volcanic rocks.

A) quickly; smaller
B) quickly; larger
C) slowly; smaller
D) slowly; larger

Question 71

Which type of rock will have properties that reflect the direction pressure was applied to the rock during its transformation?

A) igneous
B) metamorphic
C) sedimentary
D) volcanic
E) plutonic

Question 72

The presence of fossils indicates a specimen is which type of rock?

A) plutonic
B) metamorphic
C) igneous
D) volcanic
E) sedimentary

Question 73

Regolith is:

A) the decomposition and disintegration of rock by weathering
B) a metamorphic rock that has been subjected to directional stresses
C) an igneous rock that cooled underneath the ground
D) an igneous rock that cooled on the surface of the Earth

Question 74

Regolith becomes a type of ____________, which is then known as ____________ if it is transported.

A) alluvium; clastic
B) alluvium; sediment
C) sediment; clastic
D) clastic; sediment
E) sediment; alluvium

Question 75

When regolith contains organic matter, it is:

A) alluvium
B) soil
C) clastic sediment
D) chemical sediment

Question 76

In biogeochemical cycles, the material in these cycles _________________ and the energy that drives these cycles ______________.

A) remains indefinitely; must be constantly renewed
B) remains indefinitely; remains indefinitely
C) must be constantly renewed; must be constantly renewed
D) must be constantly renewed; remains indefinitely