Deck 14: Attraction and Close Relationships

Question 1

According to the opening vignette in your textbook, one explanation for why social activists may become romantically involved during protests and demonstrations is because

A) the atmosphere is very relaxed during such events.
B) protesters are often away from their own romantic partners.
C) there is a shared sense of danger among participants.
D) they misattribute the arousal they feel during the events as attraction.

Answer 1

they misattribute the arousal they feel during the events as attraction.

Question 2

According to your textbook, which of the following is NOT a factor that influences interpersonal attraction?

A) physical attractiveness
B) relationship factors, such as similarity
C) introversion as a personality trait
D) situational factors, such as proximity

Answer 2

introversion as a personality trait

Question 3

What people find beautiful is fairly consistent, including all of the following, EXCEPT

A) prominent cheekbones.
B) thin eyebrows.
C) big eyes.
D) full lips.

Answer 3

full lips.

Question 4

Faces that appear symmetrical are rated as all of the following, EXCEPT

A) more neurotic.
B) more physically attractive.
C) healthier.
D) more extroverted.

Question 5

According to your textbook, which of the following is NOT a benefit of being attractive?

A) greater likelihood of being hired for a job
B) more responsibilities on the job
C) higher starting salaries for a job
D) bigger raises at work

Question 6

In research about the effect of physical attractiveness on decisions made in the legal system, which of the following is TRUE?

A) Attractive defendants are more likely to be found guilty of crimes than less attractive defendants.
B) Attractive defendants are more likely to be receive harsher sentences for crimes than less attractive defendants.
C) Attractive defendants are more likely to be found guilty after jury deliberation than less attractive defendants.
D) Attractive people are less likely to commit crimes than non-attractive people.

Question 7

Research has found that when people look at pictures of other people, they tend to prefer

A) Average faces.
B) Faces with unusual features.
C) Unfamiliar faces.
D) Faces which are asymmetrical.

Question 8

According to your textbook, all of the following are explanations for the physical attractiveness effect, EXCEPT

A) aesthetic appeal brings positive affect.
B) we believe the stereotype that what is beautiful is good.
C) attractiveness eliminates jealousy.
D) attractive people have greater social success.

Question 9

According to your textbook we have certain expectations for attractive people. Which of the following is NOT a trait that we expect attractive people to have?

A) more excitable
B) higher intelligence
C) more socially competent
D) more extroverted

Question 10

People may want to associate with attractive people because you look good if your partner is good looking; an idea that is also referred to as

A) social capital.
B) social profit.
C) social comparison.
D) social networks.

Question 11

People prefer attractive partners but men and women have different preferences. Men prefer ________ while women tend to prefer _______.

A) resources; youth
B) physical attractiveness; youth
C) ambition; resources
D) physical attractiveness; resources

Question 12

Suzanne was preparing a personal ad to attract dating partners. Most likely she would emphasize all of the following, EXCEPT

A) youth.
B) physical appearance.
C) character.
D) attractive body weight.

Question 13

Georgio was preparing a personal ad to attract dating partners. Most likely he would emphasize all of the following, EXCEPT

A) confidence.
B) ambition.
C) youth.
D) status.

Question 14

An explanation for sex differences in mate preferences that suggests that these differences maximize reproductive success is based on

A) evolutionary psychology.
B) positive psychology.
C) behavioral genetics.
D) sociocultural perspective.

Question 15

Evolutionary psychology explains sex differences in mate preferences, but evidence that disputes that information is that

A) during peak fertility women's preference for men with resources is increased.
B) sex differences are more prominent in short term casual dating versus long term commitments.
C) the traits that men prefer in mates point to a healthier and potentially more fertile partner.
D) women's desire for men with resources would be beneficial in raising a child.

Question 16

Eagly & Wood's (1999) explanation for sex differences in mate preferences that suggests that these differences are the result of long standing societal gender roles is based on

A) evolutionary psychology.
B) positive psychology.
C) behavioral genetics.
D) sociocultural perspective.

Question 17

According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT a relationship factor that influences interpersonal attraction?

A) proximity.
B) reciprocity.
C) people who like us.
D) similarity.

Question 18

When students were asked to rate someone based on fictional data, they showed the strongest preference for the individual who

A) shared all of their attitudes.
B) shared none of their attitudes.
C) were the same sex as the rater.
D) were the same age of the rater.

Question 19

Looking at the page of wedding photographs, Michael found that most of the people were roughly the same level of physical attractiveness; a tendency referred to as

A) social similarity.
B) matching hypothesis.
C) similarity hypothesis.
D) social association.

Question 20

Research on the best predictor of long term satisfaction in relationships indicates that

A) opposites attract.
B) those who are similar are more satisfied.
C) those who are different in fundamental ways are more satisfied.
D) those who are different and more exciting initially will be more satisfied.

Question 21

When we believe that another person likes us, we are more attracted to them; a factor influencing attraction, known as

A) similarity.
B) complementary.
C) reciprocity.
D) proximity.

Question 22

"Opposites Attract" is a phrase that illustrates the factor in attraction known as

A) similarity.
B) proximity.
C) reciprocity.
D) complementarity.

Question 23

People tend to be attracted to those who are most familiar to them; this situational influence on interpersonal attraction is referred to as

A) proximity.
B) similarity.
C) contrast effect.
D) reciprocity.

Question 24

Proximity as a situational factor influencing interpersonal attraction can be explained by the phenomenon of

A) social contact.
B) the mere exposure effect.
C) social comparison.
D) priming.

Question 25

The more we are exposed to something, the more we like it; a phenomenon known as

A) priming.
B) social contact.
C) the mere exposure effect.
D) social comparison.

Question 26

Although they weren't initially attracted to one another, Ben and Georgiana discovered a mutual attraction after playing on the same team in intramural volleyball for several months; a phenomenon known as

A) social comparison.
B) priming.
C) social contact.
D) the mere exposure effect.

Question 27

The people to which you compare a potential dating partner can influence your attraction to that person; a situational factor known as

A) proximity.
B) contrast effect.
C) transfer excitation.
D) social contact.

Question 28

In a large apartment building, Festinger et al. (1950) found that friendships were more likely to form among residents based on

A) similarity.
B) proximity.
C) attractiveness.
D) transfer excitation.

Question 29

Which of the following facial features is NOT considered attractive across cultures?

A) thin eyebrows
B) prominent cheekbones
C) small eyes
D) These are all considered attractive.

Question 30

What is found to be physically attractive?

A) Distinctiveness
B) The average
C) Commonality
D) All of these

Question 31

Which of the following statements about physical attractiveness and the legal system is FALSE?

A) Sentencing tends to be less severe for attractive people than unattractive people.
B) Attractive people are less likely to receive a guilty verdict than unattractive people are.
C) People perceive the crimes that attractive people commit as less serious than the crimes committed by unattractive people.
D) Attractive people seem to actually commit more crimes than unattractive people do.

Question 32

Which of the following traits has NOT been found to be associated with attractive people, as compared to unattractive people?

A) More anxious
B) Smarter
C) Less lonely
D) More sexually experienced

Question 33

Of the following characteristics of a dating partner, which is a homosexual or heterosexual man most likely to find important?

A) wealth
B) status
C) physical attractiveness
D) ambitiousness

Question 34

Which of the following statements about women's dating preferences at their time of peak fertility is FALSE?

A) Women in the fertile portion of their cycle prefer a man with social presence when they are imagining a short-term mate.
B) Women are most concerned with physical attractiveness of their dating partner when they are most fertile.
C) Women in the fertile portion of their cycle prefer a man with direct competitiveness when they are imagining a long-term mate.
D) Strippers earn more tips during the fertile portion of their cycle.

Question 35

What do men and women want from long-term partners?

A) Men want long-term partners who provide easy sexual access while women want a long-term partner who is exclusive.
B) Women want long-term partners who provide easy sexual access while men want a long-term partner who is exclusive.
C) Both men and women want long-term partners who provide easy sexual access.
D) Both men and women want long-term partners who are exclusive.

Question 36

Based on research, what do women actually prefer in a dating partner?

A) They want men with masculine qualities more than men with feminine qualities.
B) They want dominant men more than they want prosocial men.
C) They want androgynous men more than they want highly masculine men.
D) They want men who are younger than their own age by about 5 years.

Question 37

Marc and Leonard are at a bar when Marc spots a girl across the room. "Oh, you can't get her," Leonard says. "She's totally gorgeous and you're just average." What does Leonard seem to believe in?

A) the matching hypothesis
B) the mere exposure effect
C) excitation transfer
D) reciprocity

Question 38

In Aronson and Linder's (1965) study of reciprocity, which group of participants liked the confederate the MOST?

A) Those who were told that the confederate never liked them.
B) Those who were told that the confederate used to like them but does not now.
C) Those who were told that the confederate always liked them.
D) Those who were told that the confederate didn't like them before, but likes them now.

Question 39

Jesse begins a new job. Every day he walks past the receptionist named Sara but does not interact with her. At first he does not find Sara very attractive but after a couple of months he thinks she is quite attractive. What might explain Jesse's change in attitude towards Sara?

A) the matching hypothesis
B) the mere exposure effect
C) excitation transfer
D) reciprocity

Question 40

Shahida thinks her co-worker Korey is quite attractive compared to her other co-workers. But compared to movie stars, Shahida thinks Korey is rather unattractive. This best exemplifies which of the following?

A) the matching hypothesis
B) the mere exposure effect
C) excitation transfer
D) the contrast effect

Question 41

You do not know anyone in your biology class. After a year in class with the following people, which would you probably like as a friend the MOST?

A) Lea, a woman who always sits in the same row that you do
B) Malika, a woman who always sits far away from you
C) Sasha, a woman who always sits next to you
D) You would probably like them all equally since proximity does not relate to friendship attraction.

Question 42

Which of the following statements about socializing on the Internet is FALSE?

A) People who first meet online express greater liking for one another than people who first meet in person.
B) Internet usage has been implicated in many divorce cases.
C) Most people who begin a romantic relationship on the Internet are no longer in that relationship two years later.
D) Socially anxious adolescents tend to use the Internet to interact with strangers rather than close friends.

Question 43

It is true that beauty is in the eye of the beholder since there is no consistent definition of beauty?

Question 44

Research suggests that in terms of the standards of beauty, people prefer average versus distinctive facial features.

Question 45

Infants as young as 2 to 3 months prefer photos of attractive versus unattractive people.

Question 46

People do have higher expectations for attractive people, supporting the idea "What is beautiful is good."

Question 47

Men and women see androgynous dating partners as more desirable.

Question 48

Believing that someone likes you leads to greater self-disclosure.

Question 49

For men in dating relationships, viewing attractive women increases their commitment to the relationships.

Question 50

The _______ hypothesis states that people tend to seek and find partners who are roughly their own level of physical attractiveness.

Question 51

We are attracted to people who we think are attracted to us. This belief is known as _______.

Question 52

The phenomenon by which the more we are exposed to something, the more we like it is known as _______.

Question 53

According to Hatfield & Sprecher (1986), an intense, exciting, and all-consuming type of love which includes constant thoughts about the person, powerful physical attraction, and intense communication is known as

A) passionate love.
B) eros love.
C) companionate love.
D) platonic love.

Question 54

According to your textbook, a stable, calm, and dependable kind of love that may include quiet intimacy, stability, shared attitudes/values/experiences, and high levels of self-disclosure is known as

A) eros love.
B) companionate love.
C) platonic love.
D) passionate love.

Question 55

Alistar found that he couldn't stop thinking about Jenny. He felt high levels of physical attraction toward her and found himself talking with her for hours at a time. Hatfield & Sprecher (1986) would say that Alistar is probably experiencing

A) companionate love.
B) platonic love.
C) passionate love.
D) eros love.

Question 56

At the celebration for their 50th wedding anniversary, Bud and Joyce were examples of the kind of long term, stable love that one can depend upon over time. Bud and Joyce are probably experiencing

A) platonic love.
B) passionate love.
C) eros love.
D) companionate love.

Question 57

According to the triangular model of love, which couple is likely to have the highest intimacy and passion scores?

A) Don and Lucy who are divorced.
B) Jen and Marco who are casually dating.
C) Cherise and Brad who are engaged.
D) Keiko and John who are married.

Question 58

During the earliest stages of romantic relationships, the type of love most common is

A) passionate love.
B) eros love.
C) companionate love.
D) platonic love.

Question 59

All of the following are components of Sternberg's triangular theory of love, EXCEPT

A) intimacy.
B) passion.
C) infatuation.
D) commitment.

Question 60

In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the component of love that represents a deep physical attraction and constant thoughts of the person, is identified as

A) liking.
B) commitment.
C) intimacy.
D) passion.

Question 61

In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the component of love that represents emotional closeness to another person, is known as

A) infatuation.
B) commitment.
C) intimacy.
D) passion.

Question 62

In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the component that represents the degree of connection and responsibility to another person is known as

A) infatuation.
B) commitment.
C) intimacy.
D) passion.

Question 63

In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the type of love that includes the components of passion and intimacy is known as

A) romantic love.
B) fatuous love.
C) companionate love.
D) consummate love.

Question 64

In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the love that is described as a 'complete' love, that is love that includes all three of the identified components of love, is known as

A) romantic love.
B) fatuous love.
C) companionate love.
D) consummate love.

Question 65

The theory that describes three primary and three secondary types of love, is known as the

A) love styles theory.
B) typology theory of love.
C) primary theory of love.
D) two-factor theory of love.

Question 66

This type of love style is referred to as passionate love and is characterized by an intense focus on a dating partner; a style known as

A) ludus.
B) storge.
C) pragma.
D) eros.

Question 67

This type of love style is referred to as uncommitted love, views romantic relationships as a playful sort of game in which everyone has fun and no one gets too serious; a style known as

A) ludus.
B) storge.
C) pragma.
D) eros.

Question 68

This type of love style is similar to companionate love and describes love as a secure and trusting friendship; a style known as

A) ludus.
B) storge.
C) pragma.
D) eros.

Question 69

This type of love style is very practical, not necessarily looking for excitement and passion but rather security and the appropriate fit; a style known as

A) ludus.
B) storge.
C) pragma.
D) eros.

Question 70

The rarest of love styles, it is characterized by the person being giving selfless, and more concerned with their partner's well-being than their own. This love style is known as

A) ludus.
B) storge.
C) agape.
D) manic.

Question 71

The triangular model views ____________ love is a calm, stable, dependable type of love.

A) empty
B) companionate
C) passionate
D) fatuous

Question 72

Xi can't stop thinking about his girlfriend Ling. He finds her highly physically attractive. They also share their emotions deeply with one another. But they have only been dating for two months and will probably break up once the school year ends since they live very far from one another. According to Sternberg, what type of love do Xi and Ling seem to have?

A) romantic love
B) companionate love
C) passionate love
D) fatuous love

Question 73

In love styles theory, selfless love is called

A) eros
B) agape
C) pragma
D) mania

Question 74

When Henrick et al. (1988) examined love styles in dating relationships, what characterized couples who stayed together longer?

A) Both partners have high eros scores, low ludus scores.
B) Both partners have low eros scores, high ludus scores.
C) The male partner had low eros scores while the female had low ludus scores.
D) The female partner had low eros scores while the male had low ludus scores.

Question 75

Which of the following statements about the benefits of social support is FALSE?

A) People who have close interpersonal relationships experience lower mortality rates than those who lack such relationships.
B) People who have close interpersonal relationships recover from illness at about the same rate as those who lack such relationships.
C) People who have pets experience fewer doctor visits each year than people who do not have pets.
D) People who have close interpersonal relationships experience greater psychological well-being than those who lack such relationships.

Question 76

Arousal caused by one stimulus, added to arousal from a second stimulus produces a combined arousal that can be erroneously attributed to the second stimulus; a phenomenon known as

A) excitation transfer.
B) stimulus transfer.
C) arousal shift.
D) stimulus confusion.

Question 77

After completing her morning run, Betsy found an attractive man sitting outside her residence hall. As her heart was beating rapidly, Betsy may have misattributed the arousal to the attractive man instead of the morning run; an example of

A) stimulus transfer.
B) arousal shift.
C) stimulus confusion.
D) excitation transfer.

Question 78

Schacter & Singer's two-factor theory of emotion is the basis of the phenomenon known as

A) arousal shift.
B) stimulus confusion.
C) excitation transfer.
D) stimulus transfer.

Question 79

Dutton & Aron (1974) conducted a study in which college men were asked to complete a questionnaire and then return it to either a male or female confederate at the end of a stable or shaky bridge. The study demonstrated the phenomenon of excitation transfer through the findings that

A) those who crossed the stable bridge were more likely to contact the confederate, regardless of their sex.
B) those who crossed the shaky bridge were more likely to contact the female confederate than others.
C) those who crossed the stable bridge were more likely to contact the female confederate than others.
D) those who crossed the shaky bridge were more likely to contact the male confederate than others.

Question 80

In the experiment on excitation transfer conducted by Dutton & Aron (1974) the participants were most likely to misattribute their arousal, which was most likely the result of

A) the shaky bridge.
B) the stable bridge.
C) the female confederate.
D) the male confederate.