Deck 1: Introducing Social Psychology

Question 1

Social psychology is defined by all of the following except

A) scientific study.
B) study of how thoughts and attitudes are influenced by the social world.
C) the awareness of the influence of the individual.
D) study of how behaviours are influenced by the social world.

Answer 1

the awareness of the influence of the individual.

Question 2

Social psychologists are interested in all of the following topics, except

A) how we think about ourselves.
B) how we process and store information.
C) how we think, feel and act in the social world.
D) how our attitudes and behaviour shape the social world.

Answer 2

how we process and store information.

Question 3

"Bright colors improve students' moods" is an example of

A) hindsight bias.
B) theory.
C) hypothesis.
D) scientific method.

Answer 3

hypothesis.

Question 4

"Negative political messages are more persuasive than positive political messages" is a(n)

A) theory.
B) research finding.
C) hypothesis.
D) untestable prediction.

Question 5

The scientific method is used as a research method to do all of the following, except

A) investigate phenomena.
B) acquire new knowledge.
C) apply common sense.
D) evaluate and integrate previous knowledge.

Question 6

Accepting surprising findings as true requires using

A) hindsight bias.
B) social comparison.
C) hypotheses.
D) scientific method.

Question 7

Social psychologists use ______________ when conducting research.

A) the scientific method
B) behaviourism
C) the self-fulfilling prophecy
D) hindsight bias

Question 8

"The hotter a testing room is, the lower the test scores will be," is an example of

A) the scientific method.
B) a hypothesis.
C) hindsight bias.
D) the self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 9

How our views about ourselves are dependent on our environment is also referred to as

A) social-presentation.
B) self-presentation.
C) self-perception.
D) environmental perception.

Question 10

Assessing your place amongst a new group of people is an example of the environment's influences on

A) environmental perception.
B) self-perception.
C) self-presentation.
D) self-assessment.

Question 11

Holly has a hybrid electric car and believes that this sends the message that she is concerned about the environment. Owning a hybrid electric car conveys a part of Holly's

A) global awareness.
B) green-presentation.
C) self-sacrifice.
D) self-presentation.

Question 12

"I have fashion sense" is to _______ as fashion designer labels is to _______.

A) self-perception; self-presentation
B) self-perception; social presentation
C) self-presentation; self perception
D) self-presentation; social perception

Question 13

After observing Nicole sitting quietly at a party, you assume that Nicole is an introvert. That assumption is a

A) self-perception.
B) social perception.
C) self-presentation.
D) social-presentation.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of social cognition?

A) You think of yourself as a "jock".
B) You always buy expensive clothing to impress your friends.
C) You attend every class lecture.
D) You decide that the new girl in class must be a snob because you saw her sitting by herself in the cafeteria.

Question 15

Chartrand & Bargh (1999) found that participants in an experiment unconsciously mimicked their partner's behaviour, such as rubbing their face or shaking a foot. This is an example of

A) social influence.
B) social cognition.
C) self-presentation.
D) self-perception.

Question 16

The fact that you are more likely to help a person in need when no one else is around can be explained by

A) internal attributions.
B) self comparison.
C) self misperception.
D) social influence.

Question 17

Even though more people die from heart attacks than in airplane accidents, people are more likely to fear air travel. This is an explanation of error in our

A) self misperception.
B) self attributes.
C) canine perception.
D) social cognition.

Question 18

How we think about the world is known as

A) self cognition.
B) self perception.
C) social cognition.
D) social perception.

Question 19

Kai is interested in working in advertising so he is studying how to impact people's attitudes and behaviours through

A) social presentation.
B) cognitive presentation.
C) social influence.
D) social advertising.

Question 20

Eric expected the children dressed in soccer uniforms to be experienced players so he put them on the first team; the team consequently played very well and won several games. This example demonstrates

A) self influence.
B) self-fulfilling prophecy.
C) self comparison.
D) self control.

Question 21

Andy watched as the man pulled a wallet from someone else's backpack, but when he noticed that others saw it and did nothing. Andy did nothing as well. Andy's inaction was the result of

A) social influence.
B) social perception.
C) social comparison.
D) social presentation.

Question 22

You are less likely to litter in the presence of other people, due to

A) social perception.
B) self cognition.
C) social influence.
D) self attributes.

Question 23

Other people's attitudes and behaviours influence our own thoughts and behaviours; a process known as

A) social perception.
B) social influence.
C) self cognition.
D) public self influence.

Question 24

MacDonald and Hynie (2008) found ____________________ influenced students' decisions about using a condom during sex.

A) religious background
B) fear of pregnancy
C) fear of contracting sexually-transmitted infections (STIs)
D) ambivalence about sexual activity

Question 25

Social psychology includes all of the following, except

A) how we think about ourselves.
B) how we think and behave in the social world.
C) how our attitudes and behaviours shape the social world.
D) how our dispositional traits remain stable over time.

Question 26

Erica feels much taller when she is with the other teens from her youth group than she does when she spends time with the other members of the school basketball team. This is an example of which aspect of social psychology?

A) how we think, feel, and act in the social world
B) how our attitudes and behaviours shape the social world
C) how we think about ourselves
D) how we process and store information

Question 27

When Clint realized that the prices at this restaurant were more expensive than he had ever paid before, he assumed that the food there would be superior to others. This is an example of which aspect of social psychology?

A) how we think, feel, and act in the social world
B) how our attitudes and behaviours shape the social world
C) how we think about ourselves
D) how we process and store information

Question 28

Vicki didn't expect Jessica to be very good at soccer so she didn't bother to take her to many of the soccer practices. As a result, Jessica was not very good at soccer and didn't get to play often at the matches. This is an example of which aspect of social psychology?

A) how we think, feel, and act in the social world
B) how our attitudes and behaviours shape the social world
C) how we think about ourselves
D) how we process and store information

Question 29

One topic that social psychologists study is ____________, or how we think about ourselves.

A) self-presentation
B) social perception
C) self-perception
D) social cognition

Question 30

Carrie works hard to appear to be rich. She flaunts expensive jewellery, drives a fancy car, and wears designer clothing. Carrie is focusing on her

A) self-perception.
B) social perception.
C) self-presentation.
D) self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 31

___________ is the study of how we think about people and about the social world.

A) The fundamental attribution error
B) Self-perception
C) Social cognition
D) Social influence

Question 32

Social cognition is one type of

A) social perception.
B) self-perception.
C) social influence.
D) behaviourism.

Question 33

One subtle example of ______________ is the finding that people tend to be more willing to help someone when they are alone with the victim than when other people are present.

A) self-presentation
B) social influence
C) behaviourism
D) the self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 34

Dal Cin, MacDonald, Fong, Zanna, & Elton-Marshall (2006) found that the effectiveness of a health intervention program designed to increase condom use during sex can be increased by strategies such as

A) having participants watch a video documentary about people with HIV/AIDS.
B) asking participants to donate to the HIV/AIDS Foundation.
C) giving participants a friendship bracelet that reminded them of people with HIV/AIDS.
D) having participants attend a talk given by a person who has HIV/AIDS.

Question 35

In the ____________, a person's expectations about someone else causes them to elicit the expected behaviours from the individual.

A) fundamental attribution error
B) social cognition
C) social influence
D) self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 36

Tamara is working at an ice cream shop when a man dressed in tight clothing comes in. Tamara figures the guy must be a jerk because she knew someone who dressed like that and was rude to women. Instead of her normal friendly greeting, Tamara says, "So what do you want?" The man shouts his order at her. He sure is rude, Tamara thinks as she scoops his ice cream. This best exemplifies

A) poor self-perception.
B) a self-fulfilling prophecy.
C) the fundamental attribution error.
D) Gestalt psychology.

Question 37

Social psychology examines the influence of personality on an individual's beliefs and behaviours.

Question 38

A correlation is a testable prediction about the conditions under which an event will occur.

Question 39

Self-perception is how we view ourselves, in particular, how these views depend upon our environment.

Question 40

Self-presentation strategies help Ali impress the job interviewer.

Question 41

People's social perceptions are most often influenced by situational factors, ignoring the personal.

Question 42

Our beliefs about the social world only influence our behaviours when we know our beliefs are accurate.

Question 43

The scientific study of how people's thoughts, attitudes, and behaviours are influenced by factors in the social world is known as ________.

Question 44

_______ _______ is a term to describe how people work to convey certain images of themselves to others.

Question 45

_______ _______ is a term to describe how we think about ourselves.

Question 46

________ _______ is the process used to describe how people form impressions and make inferences about other people and events in the social world.

Question 47

How we think about the social world can be referred to as _______ ________.

Question 48

The impact of other people's attitudes and behaviours on our own thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and behaviour is known as _______ _______.

Question 49

Factors influencing early research in social psychology included all of the following, except

A) psychodynamic psychology.
B) Gestalt psychology.
C) historical events.
D) behaviourism.

Question 50

Understanding behaviour due to positive and negative events on that behaviour is the focus of

A) Gestalt psychology.
B) behaviourism.
C) cognitive psychology.
D) psychodynamic psychology.

Question 51

According to behaviourism, a behaviour followed by a reward would

A) increase.
B) decrease.
C) be unaffected.
D) stop.

Question 52

The social learning perspective was strongly influenced by

A) Gestalt psychology.
B) behaviourism.
C) psychodynamic psychology.
D) humanism.

Question 53

The social learning perspective describes people in all of the following ways, except

A) they form behaviours when reinforced for that behaviour.
B) they form behaviours when they observe others reinforced for that behaviour.
C) people make interpretations of their behaviour based on their feelings and attitudes.
D) people form positive attitudes about behaviours they observe.

Question 54

The branch of psychology that emphasized the importance of looking at the whole as opposed to distinct parts is known as

A) behaviourism.
B) cognitive psychology.
C) humanism.
D) Gestalt psychology.

Question 55

Who is the Gestalt psychologist often considered the founder of social psychology?

A) Kurt Lewin
B) Sigmund Freud
C) B.F. Skinner
D) Edward Thorndike

Question 56

All of the following historical events had an influence on the new subfield of social psychology except

A) Hitler's rise to power in Germany in the 1930's.
B) Nazi atrocities during World War II.
C) imprisonment of political dissidents in Turkey in the 1930's.
D) women entering the workforce during World War II.

Question 57

In response to the earlier research on evil behaviour, more recent research in social psychology has developed in a new subfield of

A) virtuous psychology.
B) strengths psychology.
C) altruistic psychology.
D) positive psychology.

Question 58

The focus of positive psychology includes all of the following, except

A) people's virtues and strengths.
B) traits associated with life satisfaction.
C) stereotyping and prejudice.
D) attraction and leadership.

Question 59

The first social psychology textbook was written by

A) Floyd Allport.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) Kurt Lewin.
D) B.F. Skinner.

Question 60

Timmy is more likely to clean his room in the future if he is given a popsicle after each time he cleans it. This best exemplifies which perspective?

A) Gestalt psychology
B) Positive psychology
C) Behaviourism
D) The fundamental attribution error perspective

Question 61

Which of the following people was a renowned behaviourist?

A) Stanley Milgram
B) B.F. Skinner
C) Kurt Lewin
D) Floyd Allport

Question 62

The classic Dog Picture is an example of

A) behaviourism.
B) the self-fulfilling prophecy.
C) Gestalt psychology.
D) positive psychology.

Question 63

Muzafer Sherif's life experiences led him to conduct studies on

A) the fundamental attribution error.
B) self-perception.
C) group influence.
D) positive psychology.

Question 64

Who conducted classic research on the role of authority in leading to obedience?

A) Kenneth Clark
B) B.F. Skinner
C) Kurt Lewin
D) Stanley Milgram

Question 65

According to positive psychologists, all of the following are virtues associated with life satisfaction except

A) humanity.
B) extraversion.
C) justice.
D) transcendence.

Question 66

How can the subfield of positive psychology best be characterized?

A) as a subfield directly sparked by horrific events like the Holocaust
B) as a new subfield that studies topics early social psychologists omitted
C) as the first subfield in social psychology
D) as a subfield created by Kurt Lewin

Question 67

Social psychology is one of the oldest fields in the discipline of psychology.

Question 68

The social learning perspective has its foundation in Gestalt psychology.

Question 69

Through behaviourism, one can infer people's feelings, thoughts, and attitudes.

Question 70

Gestalt psychologists were interested in the distinctive parts of any object.

Question 71

A Gestalt psychologist, Kurt Lewin, is often considered the founder of modern social psychology.

Question 72

Hindsight bias exists when you believe that you knew the research results all along.

Question 73

_______ is a perspective that describes behaviour as determined by rewards and punishment.

Question 74

The bias that encourages people to think they "knew it all along," is known as

A) hindsight bias.
B) social comparison.
C) social bias.
D) identical bias.

Question 75

Once people hear the findings of the research, they often express the belief that those results were to be expected, a bias known as

A) social comparison.
B) social cognition.
C) social bias.
D) hindsight bias.

Question 76

Using economic principles to examine gender differences in sexual behaviour, Baumeister & Vohs (2004) concluded that viewing sex as a resource, it is

A) bought by women, sold by men.
B) a negotiation that is neither bought or sold.
C) bought by men, sold by women.
D) a negotiation in which it is bought by both men and women.

Question 77

One way to avoid thinking that beliefs are nothing more than common sense is to use

A) hindsight bias.
B) scientific method.
C) social comparison.
D) behaviourism.

Question 78

According to the author, why could the ready application of social psychology theories and research be considered a curse?

A) because people may view social psychology as "common sense"
B) because people may use the theories and research without understanding the effort that went into creating them
C) because people may misuse the theories and research to do harmful things
D) actually the author does not believe it could be considered a curse

Question 79

The tendency to think an outcome was inevitable after the outcome is known is called the

A) fundamental attribution error.
B) positive psychology hypothesis.
C) hindsight bias.
D) scientific method.

Question 80

According to the box on gender differences in sexual behaviour, which of the following is true?

A) Sex for women is largely a no-cost proposition.
B) Women tend to desire sex earlier in a relationship than men do.
C) Women are more interested in "one-night stands" than are men.
D) Sex for men is largely a no-cost proposition.