Deck 13: Attitudes, Values, and Personal Orientations

Question 1

The most valid and efficient method of measuring attitudes is to employ a projective technique.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Attitude scales constructed by Likert's method are just as reliable as those constructed by Thurstone?s method.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Equal-appearing intervals is to summated ratings as Thurstone is to Likert.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Likert scales are easier to construct than Thurstone scales, but they are also less reliable.

Question 5

Likert is to summated ratings as Thurstone is to equal-appearing intervals.

Question 6

The proportion of actual responses that fall into the perfect pattern of a true Likert scale is known as the reproducibility coefficient.

Question 7

The internal consistency reliability coefficients of scores on attitude scales are usually in the .80s and .90s.

Question 8

Rokeach's Value Survey assesses the relative importance to the individual of 18 instrumental and 18 terminal values.

Question 9

Theoretical, economic, aesthetic, social, political, and religious are scoring categories on Rokeach?s Value Survey.

Question 10

The Implicit Association Test is a measure of overtly expressed attitudes.

Question 11

Computer software for generating one's own attitude instruments is available from Wonderlic Personnel Test.

Question 12

Increasing the number of response categories on an attitude scale does not affect the reliability of the scale.

Question 13

Differential weighting of item responses has a significant effect on the reliability of an attitude scale.

Question 14

Scores on attitude scales usually have low correlations with actual behavior.

Question 15

People who have become all that they can be are self-actualized.

Question 16

In contrast to the concept of interest, the concept of attitude always implies

A) a tendency to respond.
B) approval or disapproval.
C) dislike of a particular object or situation.
D) greater specificity of response.

Question 17

Which of the following devices is the most popular method of assessing attitudes?

A) open-ended questionnaire
B) projective technique
C) rating scale
D) sociometric questionnaire

Question 18

The simplest procedure for constructing an attitude scale, the __________ method, uses no judges and weights responses by whole numbers.

A) Coombs (unfolding technique)
B) Guttman (scalogram analysis)
C) Likert (summated ratings)
D) Thurstone (equal-appearing intervals)

Question 19

The attitude-scaling procedure in which examinees respond to each statement on the final scale by indicating their degree of agreement or disagreement with the statement is the method of

A) equal-appearing intervals.
B) generalized agreement analysis.
C) successive categories.
D) summated ratings.

Question 20

A number of judges who are experts in the particular focus of an attitude are needed to construct an attitude scale by the

A) equal-appearing intervals method.
B) Q-technique.
C) scalogram analysis method.
D) semantic differential technique.
E) summated ratings method.

Question 21

The method of equal-appearing intervals was designed to provide for the measurement of attitudes on a(n) __________ level of measurement.

A) interval
B) nominal
C) ordinal
D) ratio

Question 22

The most popular of all attitude-scaling methods, the method of summated ratings, was devised by

A) Louis Guttman.
B) Rensis Likert.
C) William Stephenson.
D) Louis Thurstone.

Question 23

The responses "Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Undecided, Agree, Strongly Agree" are used in constructing an attitude scale by the method of

A) equal-appearing intervals.
B) pair comparisons.
C) scalogram analysis.
D) summated ratings.

Question 24

Reproducibility coefficient is to __________ as ambiguity index is to __________.

A) Guttman, Thurstone
B) Guttman, Likert
C) Osgood, Stephenson
D) Thurstone, Likert

Question 25

A reproducibility coefficient, defined as the proportion of actual responses that fall into a specified pattern, is computed on a __________ scale.

A) Bogardus
B) Guttman
C) Likert
D) Thurstone

Question 26

Milton Rokeach differentiated between __________ values-those concerned with modes of conduct-and __________ values-those concerned with end states.

A) current, future
B) instrumental, terminal
C) moral competence
D) personal, social

Question 27

Rokeach refers to beliefs concerning desirable and undesirable modes of conduct as __________ values.

A) competence
B) instrumental
C) personal-social
D) terminal

Question 28

Rokeach's instrumental values may be either

A) consideration or structure.
B) means or methods.
C) moral or competence.
D) personal or social.

Question 29

Rokeach's terminal values may be either

A) consideration or structure.
B) means or methods.
C) moral or competence.
D) personal or social.

Question 30

The most recently published and most appropriate measure of values in cross-cultural or cross-national comparisons is

A) Rokeach's Value Survey.
B) Temperament and Values Inventory.
C) The Values Scale.
D) Work Values Inventory.

Question 31

The galvanic skin responses and changes in pupillary diameter in response to pictures of people have been used to measure

A) occupational preferences.
B) personality characteristics.
C) sexual attitudes.
D) social prejudice.

Question 32

The median scale value and ambiguity index are computed on responses to attitude statements constructed by the method of

A) equal-appearing intervals.
B) pair comparisons.
C) scalogram analysis.
D) summated ratings.

Question 33

Which of the following criticisms of the method of equal-appearing intervals is least serious?

A) Scores on these scales represent measurement at only an ordinal level.
B) The judges? own attitudes have an effect on the scale values of the statements.
C) A great amount of work is required in scale construction.
D) A respondent?s score on the scale is not unique.

Question 34

Preferences among various energy technologies were evaluated in a study employing

A) expectancy-value scaling.
B) facet analysis.
C) magnitude estimation.
D) smallest space analysis.

Question 35

Donald Super found that people in upper -level occupations were more motivated than those in lower-level occupations by the need for

A) achievement.
B) affiliative.
C) power.
D) self-actualization.

Question 36

Which of the following is not one of the categories on the Bem Sex-Role Inventory?

A) Androgyny (A)
B) Femininity (F)
C) Hermaphroditic (H)
D) Masculinity (M)
E) Undifferentiated (U)

Question 37

Which of the following measures of personal orientation is used primarily in organizational/career contexts?

A) Bem Sex-Role Inventory
B) Life Orientation Inventory
C) Personal Orientation Inventory
D) Sex-Role Egalitarianism Scale

Question 38

Research and instrument development on work values is attributable more to __________ than to any other person listed below.

A) Gordon Allport
B) Rensis Likert
C) Milton Rokeach
D) Donald Super
E) Louis Thurstone

Question 39

Compare the Thurstone, Likert, and Guttman methods of attitude scale construction in terms of (a) format (b) efficiency of construction, and (c) reliability and validity.

Question 40

List and describe three factors that can have an effect on the reliability of an attitude scale.

Question 41

What is a ʺpersonal orientation,ʺ and how is it measured?

Question 42

What is meant by the observation that attitudes are ʺmultidimensional,ʺ and how are ʺmultidimensionalʺ attitudes measured?

Question 43

What is a ʺvalue,ʺ and how is it measured?

Question 44

Describe the work of Milton Rokeach and Donald Super on the measurement of values.