Deck 10: Water-Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

___________dissolve in water, are generally not stored in the body, leach when foods are soaked in water, and many are excreted through the urine.

A) Water- soluble vitamins
B) Fat- soluble vitamins
C) Minerals
D) Organic minerals

Answer 1

Fat- soluble vitamins

Question 2

Vitamin _____________ is rich in fruits and vegetables; assists in the formation of collagen, acts as an antioxidant, supports the immune system, and improves the absorption of nonheme iron.

A) B6
B) 2
C) C
D) B12

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Megadoses of vitamin C are linked to kidney stones, nausea, stomach cramps, and

A) nerve damage.
B) diarrhea.
C) vomiting.
D) collagen disease.

Answer 3

diarrhea.

Question 4

Vitamin C deficiency symptoms include: swollen and bleeding gums, a rough rash on the skin, wounds that heal slowly, and internal bleeding or

A) ariboflavinosis.
B) scurvy.
C) pellagra.
D) hemochromatosis.

Question 5

Emily wants to make sure that she does not catch a cold. She should

A) consume a high- fiber diet-bran cereals, and peas and beans.
B) take zinc supplements at the level that is above the Upper Limit.
C) take EmergenC-1000 mg of vitamin C every day.
D) wash her hands frequently and thoroughly.

Question 6

Carnitine, lipoic acid, and inositol are needed for overall health

A) are partially essential nutrients.
B) and since they are synthesized in only minimal amounts, we need to eat foods which are rich in these substances.
C) are conditional nutrients.
D) but they are not essential nutrients.

Question 7

Choline is

A) a conditionally essential nutrient.
B) a mineral.
C) an essential nutrient.
D) responsible for muscle contraction and relaxation.

Question 8

___________functions as part of the phospholipid that makes up cell membranes; it functions in liver metabolism; it participates in nerve transmission; it assists in the transport of lipids as part of the VLDL; and it plays a key role in fetal development.

A) Carnitine
B) L- carnitine
C) Inositol
D) Choline

Question 9

Inositol is classified as a

A) an alcohol.
B) mineral.
C) a sugar alcohol.
D) inorganic nutrient.

Question 10

Fruits and vegetables which are ___________have been linked to lower rates of cancer of the lung, mouth and esophageal, stomach, and colon.

A) oxidized
B) dried
C) starchy
D) non- starchy

Question 11

Liberal consumption of cauliflower, broccoli, and Brussel sprouts have been linked to lower rates of

A) vitamin A deficiency.
B) scurvy.
C) bladder cancer in men.
D) diarrhea.

Question 12

Eating more tomatoes and pasta sauce may reduce the risk of developing

A) prostate cancer.
B) scurvy.
C) macrocytic anemia.
D) spina bifida.

Question 13

Choline helps protect the

A) lungs.
B) red blood cells.
C) heart.
D) liver.

Question 14

Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome is a thiamin deficiency which is seen among

A) chronic alcohol abusers.
B) non- smokers.
C) vegans.
D) smokers.

Question 15

Heat, light, pH, and oxidation on the water- soluble vitamins lead to

A) inorganic compounds.
B) vitamin losses.
C) vitamin increases.
D) organic compounds.

Question 16

All water- soluble vitamins are carried throughout the body in

A) chylomicrons.
B) fat.
C) water.
D) cholesterol.

Question 17

Nutrient- preserving food preparation, handling and storage techniques aim to ___________exposure to oxygen.

A) increase
B) reduce
C) retain
D) maximize

Question 18

Sore tongue, inflammation of the skin, depression, confusion, and small pale red blood cells represent the deficiency symptoms of vitamin

A) riboflavin.
B) niacin.
C) thiamin.
D) B6.

Question 19

Leafy green vegetables, asparagus, enriched pasta, breads, cereals provide

A) vitamin C.
B) vitamin B1.
C) folate.
D) the B vitamins.

Question 20

The best natural food sources of ___________are dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach, broccoli, asparagus, and legumes.

A) pantothenic acid
B) biotin
C) folate
D) thiamin

Question 21

Which of the following sources of folate is best absorbed?

A) bread made from unenriched white flour
B) legumes
C) folate supplements
D) chicken

Question 22

Anne is a picky eater, and she is unable to swallow tablets and she has been diagnosed with low blood folate levels. Which would be her best option?

A) fish
B) pork
C) her favorite green leafy vegetable
D) spinach

Question 23

Adequate intake of ___________ has been linked to low rates of breast, colon and pancreatic cancer.

A) niacin
B) thiamin
C) riboflavin
D) folate

Question 24

Permanent birth defects in which a portion of the spinal cord and its protective membranes protrude from the vertebral column is called

A) spina bifida.
B) spinal anemia.
C) folemia.
D) microspina.

Question 25

This B vitamin is likely to lead to deficiency symptoms in vegans because it is found only in animal foods

A) thiamin.
B) riboflavin.
C) niacin.
D) B12.

Question 26

Persons who wish to maintain healthy red blood cells and the myelin sheath that surrounds nerves need to eat more

A) whole grains.
B) animal products (salmon, tuna), and fortified foods.
C) legumes.
D) fruits.

Question 27

Who among the following is most likely to experience vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms?

A) lacto- ovo vegetarian (eats dairy products and eggs)
B) pesca- vegetarian (eats only fish as animal foods)
C) vegan (eats no animal foods)
D) an omnivore (eats animal and plant foods)

Question 28

The B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, and vitamin B6 act as ___________ in the process of breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats to ATP.

A) hormones
B) minerals
C) enzymes
D) coenzymes

Question 29

Individuals who are underconsuming B vitamins are likely to feel

A) tired.
B) happy.
C) anxious.
D) elevated.

Question 30

Vitamin C- rich fruits and vegetables act as antioxidants and helps___________free radicals.

A) maintain
B) convert trans fats to
C) promote
D) neutralize

Question 31

Folate and vitamin B12 act as___________in the formation of red blood cells.

A) water solubles
B) B enzymes
C) coenzymes
D) enzymes

Question 32

Patients who are receiving post- surgical total nutrition intravenously, persons with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, and those who are producing inadequate biotinidase need to consume more

A) thiamin.
B) riboflavin.
C) niacin.
D) biotin.

Question 33

___________results from chronic alcohol consumption is linked to thiamin malabsorption which results in memory loss, impaired vision, low blood pressure, uncontrolled movement of the arms and legs, and even coma.

A) Scurvy
B) Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome
C) Hemapoeisis
D) Macrocytic anemia

Question 34

There are no known toxicity symptoms for

A) vitamins.
B) thiamin and riboflavin.
C) minerals.
D) vitamins A and D.

Question 35

Many cereals, flours, and a variety of beverages are

A) enriched.
B) fortified.
C) nutritionally superior because they are USP- labelled.
D) USP- labelled.

Question 36

Fortification of cereal grains has resulted in fewer cases of

A) Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome.
B) all vitamin deficiencies.
C) pellagra.
D) peripheral neuropathy.

Question 37

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and death may result from inadequate intake of

A) niacin.
B) riboflavin.
C) any B vitamin.
D) thiamin.

Question 38

Niacin supplements may lead to

A) beriberi.
B) athiaminosis.
C) flushing.
D) pellagra.

Question 39

An alcoholic who has been diagnosed with ___________has been advised to eat more milk and yogurt; enriched grains, leafy green vegetables, eggs, and almonds.

A) ariboflavinosis
B) pellagra
C) dry beriberi
D) wet beriberi

Question 40

A poor Asian American refugee who has been eating polished white rice has been experiencing loss of appetite, weight loss, memory loss, confusion, muscle weakness, pain, numbness, and tingling in the feet and hands. Her diagnosis is

A) ariboflavinosis.
B) beriberi.
C) pellagra.
D) Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome.

Question 41

Folate deteriorates during cooking; vitamin B12 and riboflavin are destroyed by ultraviolet light; thiamin is easily damaged in an alkaline pH, and vitamin C oxidizes when exposed to air and heat.

Question 42

Short- term alcohol consumption is linked to thiamin malabsorption which results in reversible memory loss, impaired vision, low blood pressure, and uncontrolled movement of the arms and legs.

Question 43

Thiamin in lean pork and whole grains is necessary for energy metabolism and plays a role in nerve transmission.

Question 44

Fish, poultry, fortified cereals, and enriched breads are rich in niacin.

Question 45

Preformed niacin is found in meat, fish, poultry, enriched whole- grain breads and bread products, and fortified cereals.

Question 46

Panthothenic acid, which is abundant in whole- grain cereals, nuts and legumes, milk, meat, and eggs, has no known toxicity symptoms, and deficiency symptoms are rare.

Question 47

Biotin, found in peanuts, yeast, egg yolks, grains, fish, and liver, is referred to as the "beauty vitamin,"
because it helps maintain healthy hair and nails.

Question 48

Research has proven that vitamin B6 supplementation reverses symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome and relieves premenstrual discomfort.

Question 49

Taking large amounts of vitamin B6 supplements has been linked to reversible nerve damage.

Question 50

Consuming too much folic acid from supplements can obscure a vitamin B12 deficiency.

Question 51

Babies born to mothers who are deficient in folate have a higher risk of permanent neural tube defects such as spina bifida.

Question 52

Inadequate folate intake may result in abnormally large and immature red blood cells which have diminished oxygen- carrying capacity, leading to weakness, irritability and shortness of breath.

Question 53

Folate needs vitamin B12 to stop in cell division.

Question 54

Synthetic folic acid or folate found in supplements has a stronger protective effect than folate that is found in food.

Question 55

To reduce the risk of birth defects, Alisha, who plans to get pregnant in October, should increase folic acid consumption in September, and she should continue until the early months of pregnancy.

Question 56

Folate coenzymes accept and donate one- carbon compounds in DNA and amino acid synthesis.

Question 57

On a daily basis, pregnant women need to consume more folate than men.

Question 58

Pregnant women need folate because of the increased need for cell division during pregnancy.

Question 59

In most cases of macrocytic anemia, the true cause is a B12 deficiency, not a folate deficiency.

Question 60

The vitamin B6 which is found in meat, fish, poultry, legumes, bananas, and fortified cereals, acts as a coenzyme for over 1000 enzymes, most of which are involved in protein metabolism, glycogenolysis, and red blood cell synthesis.

Question 61

Choline is a conditionally essential nutrient that is needed for the integrity of cell membranes, nerve transmission, lipid transport, and liver health.

Question 62

Carnitine, lipoic acid, and inositol are needed for overall health, but are not essential nutrients because the body is able to synthesize them in sufficient amounts.

Question 63

Vitamin B12 deficiency results either from inadequate dietary intake, such as in vegans who are not consuming vitamin B12-fortified foods or supplements, or from malabsorption.

Question 64

Hemochromatosis-storage of excess iron-- is linked to liver and heart damage-due to inadequate vitamin C intake.

Question 65

Because excesses of water- soluble vitamins are excreted in the urine, there are no toxicity symptoms for the B vitamins.

Question 66

Vitamin C is essential to the formation of the fibrous protein collagen, the most abundant protein in the body.

Question 67

A diet that is low in fruits and non- starchy vegetables increases the risk of developing cancer.

Question 68

Folate and vitamin B12 function as coenzymes in the formation of red blood cells, and the replenishment of cells.

Question 69

Thiamin and vitamin B12 are necessary for nerve function, and niacin participates in protein synthesis.

Question 70

The more vitamin C a person takes, the better.

Question 71

Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant and helps neutralize free radicals.

Question 72

Pregnant women are at risk of having mentally and physically retarded babies if they do not consume enough folate.

Question 73

Without the B vitamins, energy production would come to a halt.

Question 74

The B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, and vitamin B6 are key enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats to ATP.

Question 75

Vitamins provide kilocalories, and are therefore considered to be a source of energy.

Question 76

Explain how water- soluble vitamins are processed in the body.

Question 77

Explain how is macrocytic anemia can be resolved.

Question 78

Explain how vitamin B12 nerve damage should be treated.

Question 79

How does microwaving affect vitamin B12 in foods?

Question 80

Name the condition which chronic alcohol abusers are expressing if they exhibit symptoms such as: memory loss, impaired vision, low blood pressure, uncontrolled movement of the arms and legs.