Deck 11: Water

Question 1

The most abundant substance in the body is

A) water- soluble vitamins.
B) water.
C) minerals.
D) vitamins.

Answer 1

water.

Question 2

The most important substance in the body is

A) vitamins.
B) water.
C) fat- soluble vitamins.
D) minerals.

Answer 2

water.

Question 3

Muscle tissue has water than fat tissue.

A) more
B) more alkaline
C) a similar amount of
D) less

Answer 3

more

Question 4

John and Mary have the same body weight. Who is likely to have a higher percent body water?

A) Mary
B) Mary after her menstrual cycle
C) Mary during her menstrual cycle
D) John

Question 5

Because water is a __________molecule, it attracts other charged molecules and helps maintain acid- base balance in the body.

A) non- polar
B) basic
C) polar
D) alkaline

Question 6

Who among the following persons, who have the same weight, have the highest percent body water content?

A) male, 8% body fat
B) female, 8% body fat
C) female, 18% body fat
D) male, 18% body fat

Question 7

Because of its__________nature, water interacts with other nutrients, serves as an acid- base buffer, transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body, regulates body temperature, is a lubricant, and participates in hydrolysis and condensation.

A) nonpolar
B) polar
C) bipolar
D) magnetic

Question 8

When the amount of water consumed in foods and beverages plus the amount which is produced as metabolic water is equal to the amount excreted through urine, stool, skin, sweat, and water vapor, the body is in

A) water balance.
B) balance.
C) positive water balance.
D) negative water balance.

Question 9

Water that is formed in the body as a result of metabolic reactions is called

A) extracellular water.
B) alkaline water.
C) metabolic water.
D) intracellular water.

Question 10

Two- thirds of body water is in the

A) interstitial water.
B) insensible water.
C) ECF.
D) ICF.

Question 11

Water moves from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration by

A) active transport.
B) diffusion.
C) osmosis.
D) the sodium- potassium pump.

Question 12

Electrolyte and fluid balance inside and outside of cells is maintained by the

A) vitamin- mineral pump.
B) mineral pump.
C) sodium- potassium pump.
D) vitamin pump.

Question 13

Which protein helps maintain fluid balance between the interstitial fluid and the intravascular fluid?

A) osmolol in the blood
B) osmotic protein
C) albumin in the blood
D) ECF protein

Question 14

The protein which is located in the cell membrane to actively transport sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell is the

A) sodium- potassium channel.
B) sodium- potassium ion exchange system.
C) ATPase.
D) sodium- potassium pump.

Question 15

Renin and three__________vasopressin, angiotensin, and aldosterone-orchestrate the retention and excretion of water and electrolytes.

A) enzymes
B) hormones
C) coenzymes
D) minerals

Question 16

The extent to which the kidneys reabsorb water and sodium is controlled by

A) renin.
B) ECF.
C) angtiotensin II.
D) antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone.

Question 17

After a high- sodium meal, the renin- angiotensin system would cause the__________to excrete excess sodium.

A) liver
B) blood
C) heart
D) kidneys

Question 18

Adult women should drink about __________cups and adult males __________cups of water every day.

A) 9-- 13
B) 16-- 12
C) 13-- 9
D) 12-- 16

Question 19

Physical activity, diet, gender, air temperature and humidity all determine the __________of water that an individual should drink.

A) pH
B) salinity
C) quantity
D) quality

Question 20

Hard water contains

A) carbonation.
B) many vitamins.
C) calcium and magnesium.
D) sodium and potassium.

Question 21

Experts recommend that the type of water which Americans should drink and which benefits the environment is

A) distilled water.
B) mineral water.
C) enhanced water.
D) tap water.

Question 22

Who among the following persons, who all have the same body weight, has the largest need for water?

A) a gym instructor who teaches 4 1- hour classes every day
B) John, a couch potato
C) Mary, a couch potato
D) Grandma who walks for 10 minutes a day

Question 23

As the outside temperature increases, marathon runners need to drink __________water.

A) less
B) more
C) tap
D) distilled

Question 24

Jose does not like the taste of water. Which of the following would you recommend?

A) watermelon, grapes, and lettuce
B) raisins, unsweetened cherries
C) prunes, dates
D) beef, salmon or turkey jerky

Question 25

Chronic alcohol abusers are prone to

A) dehydration.
B) excessive electrolytes.
C) electrolyte imbalance.
D) overhydration.

Question 26

Individuals who take prescribed anti- hypertensive medication are prone to

A) overhydration.
B) connective tissue shrinkage in the ankles.
C) electrolyte imbalance.
D) sterile water.

Question 27

Persons who use anti- hypertensive medication which lead to hypokalemia would benefit from eating foods which are rich in

A) vitamin E.
B) vitamin A.
C) sodium.
D) potassium.

Question 28

A substance which increases the production of urine is called a

A) diuretic.
B) sugar alcohol.
C) coenzyme.
D) renin.

Question 29

For every pound of weight lost during exercise, drink at least ___________ cups of water to rehydrate.

A) 2.5
B) 2
C) 1.25
D) 1.5

Question 30

Marshall loses two pounds during his aerobics class. How many cups of water does he need for rehydration?

A) 3 cups
B) at least 5 cups
C) at least 4 cups
D) 4 cups

Question 31

When Maria has finished urinating, the water in the toilet bowl is clear. What does this indicate about her level of hydration? She is likely to be

A) dehydrated.
B) somewhat hydrated.
C) adequately hydrated.
D) needing to consume more caffeine.

Question 32

The thirst mechanism is __________by increased ECF osmolality, dry mouth, and hypovolemia.

A) unaffected
B) stimulated
C) suppressed
D) zeroed

Question 33

__________occurs when the amount of water consumed is less than the amount of water lost.

A) Hydration
B) Hydrolysis
C) Dehydration
D) Overhydration

Question 34

Usually, the darker the color of the urine, the more__________the person is.

A) dehydrated
B) overhydrated
C) underhydrated
D) hydrated

Question 35

Who among the following would derive the greatest benefit of the Urine Color Guide?

A) Persons who walk for 10 minutes a day
B) Seniors
C) Professional athletes
D) Couch potatoes

Question 36

Water is polar, interacts with other nutrients, serves as an acid-base buffer, transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body, regulates body temperature, is a lubricant, adds structure to cells, participates in hydrolysis and condensation, and provides a protective cushion for the brain and other organs.

Question 37

Plastic water bottles should be washed repeatedly to preserve the environment.

Question 38

Water serves as an acid-base buffer, transports oxygen and fat- soluble nutrients throughout the body.

Question 39

Adult women should consume about 12 cups of water (9 cups from beverages; 3 cups from foods) daily, whereas adult men should consume about 16 cups (13 cups from beverages; 3 cups from foods) daily.

Question 40

Tap water, plain bottled water, and enhanced water are considered safe to drink.

Question 41

All bottled waters are fluoridated because fluoride is known to promote dental health.

Question 42

Persons who test positive for HIV/AIDS, who are undergoing chemotherapy, and/or taking steroids should boil their water before consuming it.

Question 43

During wintertime, recreational athletes need less water compared to during summer time.

Question 44

Both caffeine and alcohol reduce the activity of ADH, but moderate caffeine intake does not appear to cause dehydration.

Question 45

When the kidney excretes more sodium, water loss increases, this reduces blood volume and ultimately lowers blood pressure.

Question 46

Moderate alcohol intake does not appear to have a significant negative effect on hydration.

Question 47

Inadequate water, riboflavin supplements, and certain medications may lead to deep yellow urine.

Question 48

One of the best ways to determine hydration level is to assess the quantity of urine produced.

Question 49

Concentrated urine contains a higher proportion of solutes to the smaller volume of water, and this causes the urine to be darker in color.

Question 50

For every pound of water lost during exercise, a person should drink one cup of water to rehydrate.

Question 51

The foods which are highest in water content are cooked peas and beans.

Question 52

Recommended intake for adult women is 9 cups, and for adult men 13 cups of beverages every week.

Question 53

The best way to assess water needs is to wear cotton clothing while exercising and to regularly examine the level of sweat in workout clothes.

Question 54

For individuals who are concerned about the environment, the best water to drink is tap water.

Question 55

The safest water to drink is bottled water.

Question 56

To ensure adequate hydration, individuals should drink as much water as possible.

Question 57

Female adolescents should consume about 12 cups of water (9 cups from beverages; 3 cups from foods) daily, whereas male adolescents should consume about 16 cups (13 cups from beverages; 3 cups from foods) daily.

Question 58

Adults and adolescents have the same daily water needs.

Question 59

Physically active persons need to drink more water than sedentary persons.

Question 60

Alcohol may not lead to dehydration because it is a liquid.

Question 61

Some anti- hypertensive medications lead to low potassium levels, so these persons need to consume more potassium- rich foods such as enriched breads and cereals.

Question 62

A measured water bottle may help to achieve daily hydration goals.

Question 63

As long as the urine is deep yellow, this means that the person is dehydrated.

Question 64

Excess water ingestion can result in water intoxication.

Question 65

The more water an athlete drinks, the better.

Question 66

Explain how persons who exercise can meet their water needs.

Question 67

Why is water important?

Question 68

How does the structure of water facilitate its functions?

Question 69

What does water intake affect urine output?

Question 70

How are electrolyte and fluid balance maintained?

Question 71

How is water excreted from the body?

Question 72

What are the proportions of ICF and ECF?

Question 73

Explain how blood pressure is maintained.

Question 74

How does alcohol affect hydration?

Question 75

What are the side effects of some diuretics?

Question 76

What are the consequences of excessive water intake?

Question 77

What is the first sign of dehydration?

Question 78

What are the risks of dehydration?

Question 79

Which are the best foods for rehydration?

Question 80

What is the function of renin?