Deck 13: Trace Minerals

Question 1

An active enzyme that contains one or more metal ions that are essential for their biological activity is called a

A) metalloenzyme.
B) metallofactor.
C) coenzume.
D) cofactor.

Answer 1

metalloenzyme.

Question 2

Inorganic substances or minerals required in amounts smaller than 100 milligrams per day that are essential to health are also called microminerals or

A) trace minerals.
B) minor minerals.
C) major minerals.
D) important minerals.

Answer 2

trace minerals.

Question 3

Menstruating women need _________men.

A) less iron than
B) as much iron as
C) more iron than
D) less heme iron

Answer 3

more iron than

Question 4

Foods which contain heme iron are_________non- heme iron foods.

A) better absorbed than
B) not absorbed compared to
C) minimally absorbed than
D) partially absorbed than

Question 5

The type of iron in cast iron skillets is

A) metallic iron.
B) non- absorbable iron.
C) heme iron.
D) non- heme iron.

Question 6

Reduced ability to learn, fatigue, and increased susceptibility to infections result when inadequate________is consumed.

A) vitamin C
B) metalloiron
C) iron
D) copper

Question 7

Who among the following needs to avoid iron and vitamin C supplements? Persons who have been diagnosed with

A) mucosal unblock.
B) scurvy.
C) iron deficiency anemia.
D) hemochromatosis.

Question 8

Consuming too much iron from ________ can cause constipation, nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea.

A) heme- iron foods
B) supplements
C) non- heme iron foods
D) vitamin C- rich foods

Question 9

Adding a vitamin C- rich food (citrus, many fresh vegetables) at a meal ________iron absorption.

A) zeroes
B) has no effect on
C) decreases
D) increases

Question 10

Who among the following persons has the highest need for iron? A female who is

A) 82 years old.
B) 2 years old.
C) 22 years old.
D) 52 years old.

Question 11

When she went to donate blood at the blood bank, Ana was told that her iron levels were low. What should Ana do now?

A) Eat a vitamin C rich fruit or vegetable at every meal and for snacks. At meal time, she should eat non- heme iron foods such as meat, fish, poultry. Ana should also take an iron supplement at the recommended dosage at mealtime.
B) Take the iron supplement at a dosage that is ten times higher than the stated dosage on the label to correct the deficiency quickly.
C) Double the dosage of the iron supplement label.
D) Eat a vitamin C rich fruit or vegetable at every meal and for snacks. At meal time, she should eat heme iron foods-meat, fish, poultry. Ana should take an iron supplement at the recommended dosage at mealtime.

Question 12

Which of the following nutrients is widely underconsumed?

A) total fat
B) saturated fat
C) added sugar
D) iron

Question 13

Although grains have higher iron contents than other food groups, the iron in proteins is

A) more likely to be absorbed.
B) more likely to be digested.
C) inferior because of the high fat content.
D) more likely to be absorbed because of the high unsaturated content in proteins.

Question 14

Phytates in legumes and cereals ________copper and iron.

A) bind
B) absorb more
C) zero absorption of
D) promote digestion of

Question 15

The________of copper is reduced by iron, zinc, molybdenum, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin C supplements.

A) excretion
B) bioavailability
C) digestibility
D) enzyme action

Question 16

Pearl has been diagnosed with a copper deficiency, so she should eat more

A) non- heme iron foods.
B) heme iron foods.
C) seafood, nuts, and seeds.
D) fruits and non- starchy vegetables.

Question 17

The mineral which is part of ceruloplasmin, the cytochromes, and other metalloenzymes; and part of proteins involved in energy production and the synthesis of connective tissue is

A) water.
B) calcium.
C) iron.
D) copper.

Question 18

Menke's disease and Wilson's disease are

A) vitamin deficiencies.
B) mineral deficiencies.
C) genetic diseases which affect copper metabolism.
D) nutrient deficiencies.

Question 19

Copper toxicity symptoms-stomach pain and cramps, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and liver damage-are likely to result from

A) eating too much seafood, nuts and seeds.
B) eating copper- rich foods with vitamin C- rich foods.
C) eating too many vegetables.
D) supplements.

Question 20

The nutrient which is found in very small amounts in almost every cell of the body, but mostly in bone and muscle is

A) zinc.
B) iron.
C) vitamin A.
D) vitamin C.

Question 21

Since zinc helps reduce the inflammation that can accompany skin wounds and helps wounds heal and repair skin cells, what could new parents use to speed up healing of a diaper rash? A

A) food which is rich in zinc such as red meat
B) ointment
C) lozenge
D) zinc drink

Question 22

Zinc is part of the ________and DNA structure, functions in taste acuity, and helps prevent age- related macular degeneration.

A) B vitamins
B) RNA
C) folate
D) red blood cell

Question 23

Selenium regulates the functioning of the

A) liver.
B) thyroid gland.
C) red blood cells.
D) lungs.

Question 24

Selenium deficiency is linked to heart damage as in

A) hypertension.
B) cardiac malfunction.
C) hypercholesterolemia.
D) Keshan disease.

Question 25

One of the best ways to maintain the structure of bones and teeth and prevent dental caries is to eat adequate amounts of

A) fluoride.
B) fluoride at levels close to the UL.
C) calcium.
D) fluorine.

Question 26

The ________dietary source of fluoride is a fluoridated water supply and the consumption of foods and beverages prepared using fluoridated water.

A) secondary
B) most unsafe
C) primary
D) best

Question 27

Fluorosis creates teeth that are extremely resistant to caries but

A) susceptible to gum disease.
B) this can be corrected by eating five servings of fruits and vegetables every day.
C) cosmetically unappealing.
D) susceptible to scurvy.

Question 28

Which of the following is likely to contain fluoride?

A) bottled water
B) tap water
C) mineral water
D) sparkling water

Question 29

Chromium may improve insulin function, the metabolism and storage of carbohydrates and fats, and metabolic syndrome and

A) liver disease.
B) irritability.
C) prediabetes.
D) osteoporosis.

Question 30

Iodine is essential to make the ________hormones T3 and T4, which help regulate metabolic rate and stimulate growth and development.

A) pancreatic
B) liver
C) salivary
D) thyroid

Question 31

Iodized salt and shellfish provide

A) chromium.
B) calcium.
C) iodine.
D) iron.

Question 32

A pregnant women who underconsumes iodine during pregnancy is likely to have a baby who suffers from

A) reversible mental retardation.
B) reversible physical retardation.
C) cretinism.
D) goitrogen.

Question 33

Rutabagas, cabbage, soybeans and peanuts

A) cure goiter.
B) are too high in fat.
C) contain goitrogens.
D) prevent goiter

Question 34

Which of the following foods is likely to be high in iodine?

A) seafood
B) vegetables
C) water
D) fruits

Question 35

An individual who has an enlarged thyroid gland may have

A) advanced goiter.
B) goitrogens.
C) simple goiter.
D) primary goiter.

Question 36

Since sushi is made with seaweed, sushi eaters are not likely to develop

A) scurvy.
B) hypothyroidism.
C) blindness.
D) dental caries.

Question 37

Which of the following should be heavily marketed in countries which have goiter?

A) uniodized salt
B) kosher salt
C) monosodium glutamate
D) iodized salt

Question 38

Too little or too much iodine________thyroid function.

A) impairs
B) promotes
C) zeroes
D) promotes optimal

Question 39

Who among the following is most likely to experience manganese toxicity symptoms?

A) dentists
B) beauticians
C) farmers
D) welders

Question 40

Pineapple and cinnamon are good sources of

A) plant protein.
B) vitamin C.
C) manganese.
D) folate.

Question 41

Although zinc supports the immune system, too much zinc from supplements may suppress the immune system.

Question 42

In children too much fluoride can result in skeletal fluorosis; in adults it can cause fluorosis.

Question 43

Skeletal fluorosis can occur in bones when a person consumes at least 10 milligrams of fluoride daily for 10 or more years.

Question 44

Chromium toxicity and deficiency symptoms are rare.

Question 45

Chromium content of foods is related to the chromium content of the soil in which they were grown.

Question 46

Goiter in women cannot be prevented.

Question 47

Consuming rutabagas, cabbage, soybeans and peanuts can result in a secondary deficiency and goiter if a person is already iodine deficient.

Question 48

A cretin should be given as much iodine as they can tolerate to reverse the symptoms.

Question 49

In countries like Japan in which seaweed consumption is high, hypothyroidism is likely to be rare.

Question 50

Goiter is a life- threatening condition.

Question 51

Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Question 52

Goiter has been eradicated from developing and industrialized countries.

Question 53

Goitrogens are substances in food that promote the utilization of iodine by the thyroid gland, resulting in goiter.

Question 54

Legumes are excellent sources of molybdenum which functions as a cofactor for protein synthesis, including DNA and RNA. Molybdenum is not toxic and a dietary deficiency symptoms have not been reported in humans.

Question 55

Manganese assists enzymes involved in energy metabolism and functions as an antioxidant and in the synthesis of bone. Individuals who eat peas and beans, nuts, and whole grains have adequate manganese consumption.

Question 56

Manganese- rich foods are plant- based.

Question 57

Manganese deficiency symptoms are widespread.

Question 58

Arsenic, boron, nickel, silicon, and vanadium are major minerals.

Question 59

The metabolic functions of arsenic, boron, nickel, silicon, and vanadium have been well documented in humans.

Question 60

The best way to meet daily needs for arsenic, boron, nickel, silicon, and vanadium is to take supplements at the recommended dosage.

Question 61

The bioavailability of trace minerals is affected by the quality of the mineral in the body and whether the mineral competes with other substances for absorption.

Question 62

Trace minerals act as cofactors within enzyme systems, contribute to hormones, maintain red blood cells, and are part of the structure of bones and teeth.

Question 63

Hemochromatosis, a genetic disorder in which individuals absorb too much dietary iron, can cause iron overload. To compensate for this abnormality, persons with hemochromatosis need to consume more than usual amounts of iron and vitamin C.

Question 64

The absorption of iron is controlled by iron status, the molecular form of the iron, and types of foods eaten together.

Question 65

Iron is stored as ferrous sulfate and transported while it is attached to transferrin.

Question 66

Iron functions in energy metabolism and is needed for a healthy immune system and brain function.

Question 67

Postmenopausal women and men have the same RDA for iron.

Question 68

Heme iron animal foods have higher absorption rates than non- heme iron foods.

Question 69

Iron toxicity symptoms from food are rare.

Question 70

Excessive intakes of copper supplements can cause stomach pain and cramps, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and even liver damage.

Question 71

Explain how heme and non- heme iron differ structurally.

Question 72

Who is likely to have a copper deficiency?

Question 73

Explain why heme iron is nutritionally superior to non heme iron.

Question 74

Which foods contain heme iron and non- heme iron?

Question 75

Which vitamin is recommended to increase iron absorption?

Question 76

Which factors increase iron bioavailability?

Question 77

Which factors reduce iron bioavailability?

Question 78

What are the recommendations for vegetarians to meet their iron needs?

Question 79

Why are protein sources of iron superior to plant sources?

Question 80

Are major minerals more important than microminerals?