Deck 14: Energy Balance and Body Composition

Question 1

The measure of basal metabolism taken when the body is at rest in a warm, quiet environment after a 12- hour fast; expressed as kilocalories per kilogram of body weight per hour is the

A) basal metabolism.
B) BMR.
C) BM.
D) bomb calorimeter.

Answer 1

BMR.

Question 2

Someone who is gaining weight is in

A) need of a bomb calorimeter.
B) energy balance.
C) negative energy balance.
D) positive energy balance.

Answer 2

positive energy balance.

Question 3

John has maintained his weight for two decades. He is therefore in

A) negative energy balance.
B) positive energy balance.
C) a state of LBM.
D) energy balance.

Answer 3

energy balance.

Question 4

When the number of calories in is equal to the_________of calories burned, the individual maintains a constant weight.

A) heat
B) fat but not carbohydrate content
C) number
D) quality

Question 5

The majority of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is devoted to attributable to basal metabolic rate (BMR), the amount of energy spent to meet the body's basic ________ needs when it is at rest.

A) food processing needs.
B) psychological needs.
C) physical activity.
D) physiological needs.

Question 6

Most of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)

A) can be changed by an individual.
B) psychological.
C) increases with age.
D) not under an individual's control.

Question 7

The processes by which the body regulates heat production is

A) total daily energy expenditure.
B) basal metabolism.
C) adaptive thermogenesis.
D) thermic effectiveness.

Question 8

TDEE includes

A) BMR, TEF, TEE and NEAT.
B) BM, TEA, TEE and NEAT.
C) TEF, TEE and exercise NEAT.
D) BM, TEE and NEAT.

Question 9

The increase in muscle mass which occurs during weight training may________your metabolic rate.

A) increase
B) reduce
C) zero
D) maintain

Question 10

Energy expenditure can be estimated by using

A) the Bomb Calorimeter.
B) the Energy Exempt Equation.
C) the Benedict- Harris Equation.
D) direct calorimetry using a metabolic chamber.

Question 11

The best way to measure energy expenditure at home is the

A) indirect calorimetry using a metabolic cart.
B) direct calorimetry using a metabolic chamber.
C) Harris- Benedict Equation.
D) indirect calorimetry using a collection bag.

Question 12

The Harris- Benedict equation is designed for individuals who are

A) at normal body weight.
B) very muscular.
C) anorexic.
D) obese.

Question 13

Which method of determining energy expenditure assesses every minute of movement?

A) The Harris- Benedict equation
B) The estimated energy requirement (EER)
C) indirect calorimetry using a metabolic cart
D) direct bomb calorimetry using a metabolic chamber

Question 14

To achieve energy balance, identify your favorite exercise that you can engage in for

A) at least 30 minutes most days of the week.
B) 13 minutes every day of the week.
C) at least 30 minutes every day of the week.
D) the amount of time that it takes for you to break into a sweat.

Question 15

To calculate how much energy you expend each day,

A) calculate kilocalorie intake.
B) calculate the thermic effect of food.
C) keep a diary of physical activity.
D) document the time taken to generate a sweat.

Question 16

Essential fat, either subcutaneous or visceral fat, is also called

A) Adipose tissue.
B) adipocytics.
C) lipids.
D) total fat.

Question 17

Abdominal fat is associated with_________ risk of heart disease.

A) zero
B) higher
C) infantile
D) lower

Question 18

The ________of the body fat influences the risk of chronic diseases.

A) quantity
B) time of deposition
C) color
D) quality

Question 19

Measuring waist circumference can determine whether an individual has excess

A) peripheral fat.
B) abdominal fat.
C) LBM
D) brown fat.

Question 20

A woman with a waist measurement of more than 35 inches or a man with a measurement of more than 40 inches is at a ________ risk for disease than people with slimmer middles.

A) lower
B) comparable
C) higher
D) zeroed

Question 21

The higher the waist circumference, the________the risk of chronic diseases.

A) higher
B) more infectious
C) lower
D) less severe

Question 22

Which of the following can be used to assess body composition regularly at home?

A) skin fold measurements
B) dual- energy X- ray absorptiometry
C) hydrostatic weighing
D) bioelectrical impedance analysis

Question 23

The cheapest way to measure body fat is

A) dual- energy X- ray absorptiometry.
B) skinfold measurements.
C) hydrostatic weighing.
D) air displacement plethysmography.

Question 24

The method used to assess the percentage of body fat by using a low- level electrical current; body fat resists or impedes the current, whereas water and muscle mass conduct electricity is called

A) bioelectrical impedance.
B) air electrical displacement plethysmography
C) dual- electrical X- ray absorptiometry
D) hydroelectrical weighing.

Question 25

Measurements of waist circumference determine the quantity of

A) body water content.
B) visceral and subcutaneous fat.
C) muscle mass.
D) non- essential fat.

Question 26

Which of the following is under the individual's control?

A) non- essential fat.
B) the quantity of body fat.
C) supracutaneous fat.
D) location of fat deposition.

Question 27

Juan lives in a town which has a population of 500. He is overweight and has a family history of obesity. He is about to embark on a weight loss program. How could he measure his body fat every week?

A) dual- energy X- ray absorptiometry.
B) air displacement plethysmography.
C) hydrostatic weighing.
D) skinfold measurements.

Question 28

Juan lives in a town which has a population of 500. He is overweight and has a family history of obesity. He is about to embark on a weight loss program. Which of the following should he measure at the beginning of his weight loss program?

A) waist circumference
B) peripheral fat
C) hip circumference
D) body water content

Question 29

Who is more likely to store abdominal fat?

A) Johanna, age 22
B) John, age 2 months
C) Johanna, age 2 months
D) John, age 22

Question 30

Who among the following is at higher cardiovascular risk?

A) Men
B) Infants
C) Women
D) Adolescents

Question 31

BMI means

A) bioimpedance mass index.
B) body mass indicator.
C) body master index.
D) body mass index.

Question 32

A BMI less than 18.5 kg/m2 is considered ________, and a BMI of 18.5- 24.9 kg/m2 is ________.

A) underweight-normal weight.
B) underweight- very obese.
C) underweight- extremely obese.
D) underweight-obese.

Question 33

A BMI of 18.5- 24.9 kg/m2 is

A) extremely obese.
B) obese.
C) normal weight.
D) overweight.

Question 34

A BMI of 30.9- 39.9 kg/m2 is considered ________, and 40 kg/m2 or above is considered ________.

A) overweight- obesity.
B) normal weight- overweight.
C) obesity-severe obesity.
D) underweight- normal weight.

Question 35

To assess an individual's overall health risk, the individual's________should be used.

A) BMI
B) hip circumference
C) waist circumference
D) estimated energy requirement

Question 36

Height and weight tables are designed to be used for

A) older adults.
B) children.
C) infants.
D) 25- 59- year- olds.

Question 37

The most appropriate indicator for healthy weight is

A) height and weight tables.
B) BMI.
C) insurance mortality data.
D) skin fold measurements.

Question 38

To calculate BMI, individuals should be measured

A) without their shoes or clothing.
B) around the waist and hip.
C) with their shoes and clothing.
D) around the widest part of the head.

Question 39

BMI measures

A) waist circumference.
B) percentage body fat.
C) height and weight.
D) hip circumference-at the widest part of the hip.

Question 40

Athletes and people with a high percentage of muscle mass may have a BMI over 25 kg/m2, yet have a ________percentage of body fat.

A) extreme
B) high
C) low
D) normal

Question 41

Most Americans are in positive energy balance.

Question 42

A bomb calorimeter is an instrument used to measure the amount of heat released from food during combustion in a given food.

Question 43

Finding the proper balance between energy intake and energy expenditure allows individuals to maintain a healthy body weight.

Question 44

The kilocalories in foods and beverages provide energy in, whereas basic body processes and physical activity account for energy out.

Question 45

Basal metabolism is the amount of energy expended by the body during exercise.

Question 46

Lean body mass is the total body weight minus the fat mass; consists of water, bones, vital organs, and muscle; metabolically active tissue in the body.

Question 47

An individual who has a high LBM is more likely to burn calories than an individual who has a high percentage body fat.

Question 48

About 50- 70 percent of total daily energy expenditure is attributable to basal metabolic rate, the amount of energy spent to meet the body's basic physiological needs when it is at rest.

Question 49

Lean body mass accounts for 50 percent of BMR.

Question 50

The thermic effect of food is the energy spent to digest and absorb nutrients from food.

Question 51

TDEE includes BMR, the thermic effect of food (TEF), or the energy spent to digest and absorb nutrients from food; adaptive thermogenesis, the processes by which the body regulates heat production; and the thermic effect of exercise (TEE), which includes the energy spent on physical activities and non- exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT).

Question 52

The only components of TDEE which are directly under an individual's control is lean body mass, and physical activity.

Question 53

Nonexempt activity thermogenesis is synonymous with NEAT.

Question 54

When you eat too much, NEAT increases, and when you eat too little, NEAT decreases.

Question 55

TEF declines with age.

Question 56

A meal high in protein has the highest thermic effect (approximately 20- 30 percent), probably because of the synthesis of body proteins after a protein meal.

Question 57

An individual's age, height, weight, and level of physical activity and constitution determine TDEE.

Question 58

Energy intake can be measured by direct calorimetry using a metabolic chamber or by indirect calorimetry using a metabolic cart or collection bag.

Question 59

The Estimated Energy Requirement determines the desired kilocalorie level which is needed to maintain energy balance by assessing every minute of movement and physical activity throughout the day

Question 60

The Estimated Energy Requirement and the Harris- Benedict equations assess every minute of movement and physical activity that you do throughout the day to determine daily calorie needs.

Question 61

Harris- Benedict equation calculates RMR based on gender, age, height, weight, and lean body mass and applies an activity factor to determine total daily energy expenditure.

Question 62

To determine energy balance, track the number of kilocalories you consume in one day, and add it with the estimated number of kilocalories you expend.

Question 63

As the quantity of body fat increases, so does the risk of chronic diseases.

Question 64

Essential fat is either subcutaneous or visceral fat.

Question 65

As the quantity of body fat increases, so does the risk of acute diseases.

Question 66

Hydrostatic weighing, air displacement plethysmography, dual- energy X- ray absorptiometry (DEXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and skinfold measurements are all techniques used to determine the percent of lean body mass or body fat.

Question 67

Measuring waist circumference can determine whether an individual has excess abdominal (central) fat.

Question 68

Hydrostatic weighing, air displacement plethysmography, dual- energy X- ray absorptiometry (DEXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and skinfold measurements are all techniques used to determine body composition.

Question 69

Measuring waist circumference can determine whether an individual has excess LBM.

Question 70

Android and apple- shaped fat deposition are synonymous.

Question 71

Gynoid "pear- shaped"
fat distribution is common among women.

Question 72

Men are at higher risk of chronic diseases compared to women.

Question 73

The body mass index (BMI) is a calculation of the ratio of weight to height and can be used to assess overall health risks.

Question 74

Height and weight tables and BMI are used to screen for overweight and obesity.

Question 75

The higher an individual's BMI, the lower their health risks.

Question 76

Explain how energy balance can vary.

Question 77

Why is BMI a superior indicator of a healthy weight, compared to the height and weight tables?

Question 78

Describe the main difference between persons who have an apple and a pear shape.

Question 79

How is energy expenditure calculated?

Question 80

How can body composition be measured?