Deck 15: Weight Management

Question 1

Ana is about to dine out with a group of friends and she declares: "I feel like Chinese food!" This statement describes Ana's

A) appetite.
B) hunger.
C) app for hunger.
D) leptin response.

Answer 1

appetite.

Question 2

Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and________are linked to overweight and obesity.

A) diarrhea
B) infectious diseases
C) certain cancers
D) deficiency symptoms

Answer 2

certain cancers

Question 3

Discrimination, low self- esteem, suicide, and alcohol and drug problems are more common among persons who are

A) underweight and overweight.
B) pregnant.
C) likely to have eating disorders.
D) depressed.

Answer 3

underweight and overweight.

Question 4

Who, among the following persons, is most likely to have hypertension? A person with a BMI of

A) 23.
B) 38.
C) 18.
D) 19.

Question 5

Who, among the following persons, is likely to have the highest health care costs? A person with a BMI of

A) 38.
B) 19.
C) 23.
D) 18.

Question 6

Nearly 85 percent of people with________are overweight or obese.

A) osteoporosis
B) anemia
C) type 1 diabetes
D) type 2 diabetes

Question 7

Persons who are ________ are more likely to have anemia, heart irregularities, a depressed immune system, and amenorrhea.

A) diabetic
B) underweight
C) anemic
D) osteoporotic

Question 8

Overweight and obese persons are often unwilling to go to fitness centers because they are

A) are embarrassed.
B) unaware of the locations of fitness centers.
C) slow.
D) are anemic and have little energy.

Question 9

A meal which provides 5 to 30 percent of total kilocalorie from proteins ________food intake.

A) stops
B) reduces
C) increases
D) zeroes

Question 10

Ghrelin is secreted from the________when the stomach is empty to stimulate hunger.

A) stomach
B) heart
C) brain
D) liver

Question 11

Neuropeptide is produced in the hypothalamus and________hunger.

A) stimulates
B) stomach to reduce
C) zeroes
D) reduces

Question 12

In obese individuals, zinc supplements have been reported to ________leptin levels.

A) increase
B) zero
C) reduce
D) double

Question 13

Too little vitamin A and C also appears to ________leptin secretion.

A) inhibit
B) triple
C) increase
D) double

Question 14

Every year ________percent of fat cells die and are replaced.

A) 1
B) 50
C) 80
D) 10

Question 15

Lipolysis and lipogenesis are influenced by lipoprotein lipase and

A) lipolytic lipase.
B) hormone- sensitive lipase.
C) lipoase.
D) lipogenasae.

Question 16

The growing or shrinking of fat cells is influenced by

A) appetite.
B) enzymes.
C) hunger.
D) environmental cues.

Question 17

Easy access to a variety of energy- dense foods and large portions, and lack of physical activity promote

A) overweight.
B) anemia.
C) osteoporosis.
D) osteoblasts.

Question 18

Lack of time, easy access to a variety of energy- dense foods and large portions, and lack of physical activity represent ________ factors for overweight.

A) attitudinal
B) epigenetic
C) nutrigenomic
D) environmental

Question 19

According to experts, daily screen time should not exceed ________hours.

A) 2
B) 120 seconds
C) 20 minutes
D) 4 hours

Question 20

The recommendation to eat three small, nutritious meals throughout the day combined with a midmorning and a midafternoon snack is likely to be helpful for individuals who wish to

A) gain 1% of body weight.
B) gain weight.
C) gain 10% of body weight.
D) lose weight.

Question 21

Small dietary changes like switching from full- fat to nonfat dairy products or replacing an afternoon soda with a glass of water

A) are fad changes.
B) can contribute to kilocalorie reduction.
C) are too difficult.
D) are not effective.

Question 22

For successful, long- term weight loss, overweight persons can reduce their daily kilocalorie intake, increase their physical activity, and

A) eat more fruits, vegetables and fiber.
B) drink less water.
C) increase calories from omega- 3 fats.
D) drink more caffeine.

Question 23

Choosing low- energy- density, high- volume vegetables and fruits, along with lean- protein foods, can help________ satiety.

A) zero
B) half
C) reduce
D) increase

Question 24

Self- monitoring by keeping a food log, controlling environmental cues that trigger eating when not hungry, and learning how to better manage stress represent examples of

A) behavior modification.
B) epigenetic modification.
C) appetite suppression.
D) nutrigenomics.

Question 25

An appropriate reward for meeting a dietary goal is

A) setting a smaller dietary goal.
B) a music download.
C) a visit to your favorite restaurant.
D) a hike.

Question 26

To control calorie intake, going to a place where eating is prohibited would be an example of

A) nutrigenomics.
B) epigenetics.
C) behavior modification.
D) poor self- discipline.

Question 27

Low- kilocalorie, high nutrient- density foods include

A) chips and dips.
B) fruits which have no added sugar.
C) baked chips and nuts.
D) creamed vegetables like creamed spinach.

Question 28

People who lose weight are most likely to keep it off if they maintain the________habits that helped them lose the weight.

A) food dairy of friends'
B) surgical
C) psychological
D) dietary and exercise

Question 29

Approximately ________percent of bariatric patients die from complications relating to the surgery.

A) 1- 2
B) 10
C) 18
D) 15

Question 30

Approximately_________percent of bariatric patients experience post- surgical complications such as gallstones, ulcers, and bleeding in the stomach and intestines.

A) 5
B) 1
C) 8
D) 10

Question 31

Gastric bypass surgery reduces the _ _ of the stomach and bypasses the duodenum,

A) layers
B) pyloric sphincter
C) contents
D) size

Question 32

One surgical approach to reduce chronic disease risks is to

A) reduce the size of the stomach.
B) remove the duodenum.
C) increase stomach acid production.
D) suppress appetite.

Question 33

Over- the- counter or prescribed weight- loss drugs suppress appetite, reduce fat absorption, or

A) reduce satiety.
B) double satiety.
C) increase satiety.
D) zero satiety.

Question 34

Over- the- counter or prescribed weight- loss drugs suppress appetite, reduce fat absorption, or increase satiety and

A) most are free of side effects.
B) none have serious side effects.
C) many have serious side effects.
D) many have mild side effects.

Question 35

In gastric bypass, most of the stomach is closed off and a small pouch is left that can hold about________of food at a time.

A) .5 cup
B) .15 cup
C) .10 cup
D) .25 cup

Question 36

The psychological risks of overweight and obesity include an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, whereas underweight increases the risk for anemia, heart irregularities, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis.

Question 37

The physical effects of obesity and underweight include discrimination, low self- esteem, depression, suicide, and drug problems.

Question 38

Appetite is a desire for food prompted by factors other than hunger.

Question 39

It is important to identify triggers such as the smell, taste, texture, or color of the food; external cues such as time of day, social occasions; other people; and emotions such as stress, fear, and depression because they may increase appetite.

Question 40

Once eating begins, hunger subsides as the feeling of fullness, or satiation, sets in and you stop eating.

Question 41

Satiety and hunger are both controlled by appetite.

Question 42

Satiety and hunger are both controlled by hormones produced in the brain and the excretory system.

Question 43

Ghrelin triggers hunger, and leptin triggers satiation.

Question 44

Hunger, satiation, and satiety are controlled by the eyes.

Question 45

Hunger, satiation, and satiety are regulated by neuropeptides, hormones, and neural signals from the gastrointestinal tract and adipocytes.

Question 46

Once adipocytes are formed, they can increase or decrease in size, but they do not decrease in number.

Question 47

Every year, 10 percent of fat cells die and are replaced.

Question 48

The growing or shrinking of fat cells is controlled by enzymes.

Question 49

Adipocyte hyperplasia causes a buildup of excess fat tissue.

Question 50

Hypertrophy represents growth in size.

Question 51

The easiest way to avoid having to lose weight is to not gain excess weight in the first place.

Question 52

Fad diets promise quick weight loss and they are usually healthy diets.

Question 53

Choosing low- energy- density, high- volume vegetables and fruits, along with lean- protein foods, can help reduce satiety.

Question 54

Approximately 60-90 minutes of physical activity weekly can facilitate weight loss.

Question 55

Modifying the environment to minimize unhealthy eating behaviors can help shed extra pounds.

Question 56

Behavior modification includes self- monitoring by keeping a food log, controlling environmental cues that trigger eating when not hungry, and learning how to manage stress by using non- food options.

Question 57

Keeping track of when, where, and what you eat, as well as why you ate it, can yield some surprising information.

Question 58

On vending machine- free day, bring extra change to buy two vending machine items.

Question 59

Hungry shoppers are likely to spend more money on food compared to shoppers who ate just before shopping.

Question 60

When you are bored, it's best to eat a fruit or vegetable.

Question 61

On vending machine day, Ana should pack two pieces of fruit to eat during the day.

Question 62

To manage stressful situations, Ana should identify which three nutritious foods could be eaten beforehand.

Question 63

During the process of losing weight, exercise is recommended but not essential.

Question 64

The secret to permanent weight loss is twofold: exercise more, and eat less.

Question 65

To gain 20 pounds, John should consider adding nutrient- dense snacks between meals and increasing portion sizes, and needs to add resistance exercise to build muscle mass.

Question 66

Pharmacological or surgical weight loss approaches are desirable for most overweight individuals.

Question 67

Ann is 100 pounds overweight, and has been for decades. She has given up on diet and exercise. She may benefit from prescribed medications that reduce hunger or gastric bypass surgery.

Question 68

Explain how hunger is different to appetite.

Question 69

How is satiety triggered?

Question 70

How does leptin function?

Question 71

How is hunger regulated?

Question 72

How does weight loss affect hunger?

Question 73

Which hormones stimulate satiety?

Question 74

Which hormones stimulate hunger?

Question 75

Describe how lipoprotein lipase (LPL) varies by gender.

Question 76

What is epigenetics?

Question 77

What is nutrigenomics?

Question 78

Explain the effect of thrifty genes on weight management.

Question 79

What the disadvantages of fad diets?

Question 80

What is the recommended rate of weight loss for overweight persons?