Deck 7: Work Attitudes and Values

Question 1

Attitudes are:

A) evaluative beliefs.
B) values.
C) abilities.
D) evaluations.

Answer 1

evaluative beliefs.

Question 2

Cognitions (knowledge and beliefs), affect (feelings and emotions) and behavioural intentions are elements of:

A) attitudes.
B) values.
C) abilities.
D) evaluations.

Answer 2

attitudes.

Question 3

A belief in hard work, diligence and sacrifice, with success being a reward for effort, is a feature of the:

A) diligence ethic.
B) sacrifice ethic.
C) the value of ethics.
D) work ethic.

Answer 3

work ethic.

Question 4

A feeling of tension and discomfort in a person, which they try to reduce by either changing their behaviour or by modifying their cognitions, is called:

A) terminal value.
B) cognitive involvement.
C) stress.
D) cognitive dissonance.

Question 5

Terminal values are:

A) values based on the best choice available.
B) beliefs about goals or end-states of existence.
C) accepting the last choice, even if it is not in accord with your values.
D) values that override attitudes.

Question 6

Which one of the following is not an element of job involvement?

A) Extent of psychological identification the person has with their current job.
B) Belief that work itself is an important aspect of the person's life.
C) Over-arching belief about what is important to a person.
D) Importance of this job to the person's self-concept and self-esteem.

Question 7

A person who is highly involved (psychologically) with their work:

A) would be expected to seek satisfaction and a feeling of achievement from completing job tasks.
B) would not want to engage themselves in this work.
C) would not strive to perform well at it.
D) would decrease a person's motivation to work.

Question 8

People's levels of job satisfaction, turnover intentions and job performance have all been correlated with:

A) cognitive dissonance.
B) cognitive involvement.
C) terminal values.
D) organisational commitment.

Question 9

The view that satisfaction occurs when a person receives rewards which he or she values highly is indicative of:

A) Mayo's findings in the Hawthorne Studies.
B) Landy's opponent process theory.
C) Locke's value theory of job satisfaction.
D) Warr's vitamin model of wellbeing.

Question 10

The view that each emotional reaction (to an event or occurrence) is accompanied by an opposing emotional reaction is indicative of:

A) Mayo's findings in the Hawthorne Studies.
B) Landy's opponent process theory.
C) Locke's value theory of job satisfaction.
D) Warr's vitamin model of wellbeing.

Question 11

The Job Descriptive Index (JDI):

A) provides a fairly valid indicator of satisfaction levels.
B) measures a very wide array of job features.
C) is divided into two categories, intrinsic satisfaction and extrinsic satisfaction.
D) has not been used very often in research on job satisfaction.

Question 12

Three major dispositional predictors of satisfaction would seem to be:

A) intrinsic satisfaction, extrinsic satisfaction and general satisfaction.
B) conscientiousness, negative affectivity and locus of control.
C) task certainty, task generalisation and task specificity.
D) self esteem, self efficacy and leadership.

Question 13

The more satisfied you are with your job:

A) the more likely you are to feel unhappy about your life in general.
B) the less likely you are to feel happy about your life in general.
C) the more likely you are to feel happy about your life in general.
D) has no influence on happiness with life in general.

Question 14

There are two broad dimensions on which people can vary in relation to attitudes and values:

A) age and gender.
B) opinions and behaviours.
C) stated attitudes and values and enacted attitudes and values.
D) demographic and cultural factors.

Question 15

Which of the following options is not one of the cultural dimensions identified by Geert Hofstede?

A) Individualism/collectivism
B) Ethnic origins
C) Power distance
D) Uncertainty avoidance

Question 16

Organisational citizenship behaviour constitutes:

A) task performance.
B) relationship performance.
C) job performance.
D) contextual performance.

Question 17

Discretionary contributions to the welfare of the organisation can be termed:

A) philanthropy.
B) organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB).
C) social work behaviour.
D) discretionary spending.

Question 18

Which one of the following is not one of the distinct forms of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB)?

A) Conscientiousness
B) Helping behaviour
C) Courtesy
D) Charity

Question 19

Discuss the differences between attitudes and values.

Question 20

With examples, define and differentiate between two types of values.

Question 21

What are the three elements of job involvement and what does this tell us about the importance of the job to the individual?

Question 22

How do work engagement and job involvement differ from one another?

Question 23

What are the benefits and costs to individuals and organisations of high organisational commitment?

Question 24

What are some of the ways an organisation can foster commitment among its employees?

Question 25

What are the two approaches to assess job satisfaction?

Question 26

Discuss the relationship between gender and work attitudes and values.

Question 27

Briefly discuss any three types of organisational citizenship behaviours (OCB) that may be practiced by individuals.