Deck 5: Individual Differences: Self-Concept, Personality and Emotions

Question 1

Demographic characteristics such as age, gender, nationality and ethnicity background are called:

A) surface-level factors.
B) deep-level factors.
C) direct factors.
D) indirect factors.

Answer 1

surface-level factors.

Question 2

The theory that individuals compare themselves with others in order to assess their own abilities and opinions, and that individual self-concept is also shaped by feedback from other people about one's behaviour, is called:

A) comparative behaviour theory.
B) social comparison theory.
C) theory of compared opinions.
D) behavioural comparison theory.

Answer 2

social comparison theory.

Question 3

Which one of the following is not an indicator of low self-esteem in employees?

A) Negative views about themselves.
B) Intolerant of frustration.
C) Emotional ups and downs.
D) Persistence in the face of adversity.

Answer 3

Persistence in the face of adversity.

Question 4

Which one of the following is personality not useful in predicting?

A) Motivation
B) Job satisfaction
C) Affiliation
D) Job performance

Question 5

Which one of the following is not one of the dichotomies of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?

A) Justice (J)-Persisting (P)
B) Thinking (T)-Feeling (F)
C) Sensing (S)-Intuition (I)
D) Extroverted (E)-Introverted (I)

Question 6

Initiative on the job and a preference for participatory supervisor styles are features of people with:

A) internal locus of control.
B) external locus of control.
C) neuroticism.
D) high self-efficacy.

Question 7

Which one of the following is not true about highly neurotic individuals?

A) Can outperform their stable counterparts in a busy work environment.
B) More likely to experience work stress.
C) More likely to perceive higher work stress.
D) Tend to experience subjective wellbeing.

Question 8

Which one of the following is a feature of Type A personality?

A) Happy
B) Highly competitive
C) Relaxed
D) Cooperative

Question 9

Investment in human resources to enhance organisational members' sales, job performance and job satisfaction is a way to build:

A) physical capital.
B) personal capital.
C) psychological capital.
D) organisational capital.

Question 10

Which of the following is one of the four PsyCaps?

A) Hope
B) Internal locus of control
C) Introversion
D) Neuroticism

Question 11

The positive psychological capacity to rebound, to 'bounce back' from adversity, uncertainty, conflict, failure or even positive change, progress and increased responsibility best defines:

A) hard headedness.
B) stubbornness.
C) optimism.
D) resiliency.

Question 12

Which one of the following is not a recognised component of emotions in an individual?

A) Expectation of the response
B) Conscious experience
C) Physiological arousal
D) Expressive behaviours

Question 13

Feelings that are not identified with a particular stimulus and not sufficiently intense enough to interrupt ongoing thought processes are best defined as:

A) moods.
B) emotions.
C) feelings.
D) lapses in concentration.

Question 14

In a taxonomy of work-related emotions, which one of the following is not a classification in task-related emotions?

A) Process
B) Contested
C) Prospective
D) Retrospective

Question 15

Which one of the following is a positive prospective emotion under the task-related taxonomy of work-related emotions?

A) Relief
B) Enjoyment
C) Hope
D) Empathy

Question 16

Which one of the following is a positive process emotion under the taxonomy of task-related emotions?

A) Relief
B) Enjoyment
C) Hope
D) Empathy

Question 17

Positive moods at work predict:

A) increased absenteeism.
B) lower job burnout.
C) higher withdrawal rates.
D) higher organisational retaliation.

Question 18

Hiding one's inner feelings and foregoing emotional expression in response to display rules is best defined as:

A) deep acting.
B) emotional stability.
C) emotionality.
D) surface acting.

Question 19

Which one of the following is not a dimension of emotional intelligence?

A) Self-management
B) Social awareness
C) Unilateral relationships
D) Self-awareness

Question 20

Wong and Law claim that emotional intelligence (EI) is:

A) twice as important as IQ.
B) three times as important as IQ.
C) equally important as IQ.
D) 10 times as important as IQ.

Question 21

An individual's ability to understand his or her deep emotions and to be able to express emotions naturally is best defined as:

A) social awareness.
B) self-awareness.
C) relationship management.
D) self-management.

Question 22

The ability of a person to make use of his or her emotions by directing them toward constructive activities and personal performance is best defined as:

A) social awareness.
B) self-awareness.
C) relationship management.
D) self-management.

Question 23

Personality refers to:

A) how likeable a person is.
B) the strength of impression one creates in others.
C) a relatively stable pattern of behaviour and consistency in thinking that leads to actions.
D) whether a person is described as 'good' or 'bad' tempered.

Question 24

What are individual differences and their classifications?

Question 25

What is the difference between self-concept and self-esteem? Include an example as part of your answer.

Question 26

Explain whether self-concept and self-esteem differ between people from individualist versus collectivist backgrounds?

Question 27

What is a locus of control and how do individuals in its respective categories perform at work?

Question 28

Define resiliency and mention at least five resilience factor inventory skills.

Question 29

What is emotional intelligence and describe its various dimensions?