Deck 5: The Internal Lexicon

Question 1

The process by which we activate meanings from the internal lexicon is called:

A) language comprehension
B) lexical access
C) morphological analysis
D) parsing

Answer 1

lexical access

Question 2

The relationship between words and things in the world is the _____ of a word.

A) sense
B) reference
C) connotation
D) denotation

Answer 2

reference

Question 3

The typicality effect:

A) is inconsistent with the original Collins and Quillian model
B) refers to the ease of verifying An ostrich is a bird relative to A canary is a bird
C) refers to the act that more typical members of a category take longer to verify
D) all of the above

Answer 3

is inconsistent with the original Collins and Quillian model

Question 4

The principle that prevents lexical information from being stored redundantly is called:

A) intersection search
B) semantic priming
C) taxonomic relationship
D) cognitive economy

Question 5

A representation of concepts that is organized with respect to their relationships with one another is known as a:

A) schema
B) cohort model
C) lemma
D) semantic network

Question 6

A task in which participants are presented with statements such as An A is a B and are asked to determine as quickly as possible whether the sentence is true or false is called a _____ task.

A) typicality
B) semantic verification
C) hierarchical network
D) category-size

Question 7

Agrammatic patients seem to have particular difficulty with:

A) word order
B) grammatical agreement of noun and verb
C) closed-class words
D) comprehension, as opposed to speaking

Question 8

A word's place in a system of relationships with other words in the vocabulary is called its:

A) sense
B) reference
C) connotation
D) denotation

Question 9

_________ is crucial for establishing the truth value of a sentence.

A) Denotation
B) Connotation
C) Sense
D) Reference

Question 10

Sparrow and robin are _____ of bird.

A) hypernyms
B) coordinates
C) synonyms
D) hyponyms

Question 11

In order to preserve cognitive economy, Collins and Quillian suggested that we store semantic information:

A) only at the highest possible node
B) at every appropriate node
C) at those nodes used most commonly
D) only at the lexeme level

Question 12

Including _______ complicates estimation of the size of the mental lexicon.

A) syntax
B) grammar
C) morphology
D) phonology

Question 13

A cognitive structure that represents an aspect of our environment is known as a:

A) semantic model
B) cohort model
C) mental model
D) network model

Question 14

The fact that the term spinster tends to convey the notion of a person that is old and stodgy is part of the term's:

A) denotation
B) sense
C) reference
D) connotation

Question 15

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon reveals how words in the mental lexicon are organized:

A) categorically
B) phonologically
C) morphologically
D) hierarchically

Question 16

The unexpected finding from Collins and Quillian's research was that:

A) atypical category members took longer to verify than typical members
B) children verify basic level terms faster than adults do
C) verification times were faster when shared featural information was available at every node
D) distance between nodes did not affect reaction time

Question 17

The representation of words in permanent memory is referred to as:

A) cognitive economy
B) spreading activation
C) lexical access
D) internal lexicon

Question 18

When experiencing the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, people typically remember a word that ________ the word they can't retrieve.

A) means the same thing as
B) sounds like
C) shares the syntactic category with
D) has no relation to

Question 19

_____ are involved when a bound morpheme is added to a free morpheme to create new words, such as -ness turning good (an adjective) into goodness (a noun).

A) Inflectional morphemes
B) Functional morphemes
C) Substantive morphemes
D) Derivational morphemes

Question 20

Intersection search refers to the process of:

A) activating multiple meanings of a word in parallel
B) searching for information relevant to both items in a semantic verification task
C) the process of activating words base on their initial consonant
D) deciding whether a string of letters is a word

Question 21

A subject has to immediately respond to a particular sound in a:

A) reading span task
B) semantic verification task
C) phoneme-monitoring task
D) autonomous search task

Question 22

The model of lexical access that was specifically designed to account for auditory word recognition was the:

A) spreading activation model
B) logogen model
C) cohort model
D) search mode

Question 23

The model of lexical access that assumes that a word's orthographic and phonetic properties must be accounted for separately is the:

A) cohort model
B) logogen model
C) autonomous search model
D) hierarchical network model

Question 24

MacKay (1978) found that the time to take a verb and produce a related noun was longest for words with the suffix:

A) -ment, as in government
B) -ion, as in decision
C) -ence, as in existence
D) none of the above

Question 25

The class of models that assumes that words are represented in the internal lexicon within a network of interconnecting nodes is called:

A) hierarchical network models
B) spreading activation models
C) lemma-based models
D) cohort models

Question 26

In a spreading activation model, the process of lexical access begins with:

A) intersection search
B) activation of a single node
C) the selection of word-initial candidates
D) the identification of a unique recognition point

Question 27

Phoneme monitoring latencies following the presentation of a lexically ambiguous word:

A) are no different than after an unambiguous word
B) are greater than after unambiguous words, but only very briefly
C) depend upon whether the ambiguous word is concrete or abstract
D) all of the above

Question 28

A lemma refers to:

A) syntactic aspects of word knowledge.
B) phonological aspects of word knowledge
C) semantic aspects of word knowledge
D) all of the above

Question 29

_______ occurs when a word presented earlier activates a word with a related meaning.

A) Semantic priming
B) Morphological complexity
C) Categorical perception
D) Lexical ambiguity

Question 30

Lexical hierarchies contain _________, in which most of the distinguishing attributes of a concept are assigned.

A) basic level terms
B) associations
C) lexemes
D) lemmas

Question 31

In a lexical decision experiment, a participant must decide:

A) if a word is ambiguous or not
B) if a word is a content word or a function word
C) what syntactic category a word belongs to
D) whether a letter string is a word

Question 32

The results of Foss's phoneme-monitoring study suggested that:

A) we access the meanings of an ambiguous word all at once
B) we access the meanings of an ambiguous word one at a time
C) we only access multiple meanings in a laboratory setting
D) we can consciously block activation of multiple meanings of ambiguous words

Question 33

Studies of lexical ambiguity suggest which of the following conclusions?

A) we automatically activate all meanings of ambiguous words regardless of context
B) we activate the most common meaning of a word and consider alternatives only when the common meaning is inappropriate
C) we are more likely to activate the meaning that is relevant to the current context, especially if that is the dominant meaning
D) phoneme monitoring is not a precise enough technique to investigate lexical ambiguity

Question 34

In Marslen-Wilson's model, the recognition point is where:

A) one member of the cohort is selected for further analysis
B) feature information common to the entire cohort is stored
C) the word's orthographic representation is retrieved
D) a single word diverges from all possible words

Question 35

In the priming study of Meyer and Schvaneveldt (1971), the time needed to classify a target (such as butter) as either a word or a nonword varied with:

A) the number of times they were presented with the word
B) the concreteness of the words
C) the presentation of a semantically related word just prior to the target
D) the target word's frequency

Question 36

In the sentence John found a bat in the attic, the word bat is:

A) semantically ambiguous
B) lexically ambiguous
C) semantically complex
D) lexically autonomous

Question 37

A word-initial cohort is activated by the _________ of the input.

A) semantic features
B) orthographic representation
C) acoustic-phonetic analysis
D) word frequency

Question 38

In the Bock and Levelt spreading activation model, the _____ level captures the phonological properties of a word.

A) lemma
B) lexeme
C) morpheme
D) basic-level