Deck 11: Information Exchange

Question 1

Context is an agreement between agencies that a data exchange is going to be about a certain subject.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Economic of Scale is the principle that as the volume of production decreases, the cost of producing each unit decreases.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Enabling different systems to work together and exchange data. Interoperability between different systems is achieved by using common standards and specifications.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Intergovernmental Agreements or Joint Powers Agreements are integration between agencies at the same level of government. For example, three local agencies come together and share resources.

Question 5

A Special Service District is a private, military or government agency who provides services to a unique geographic location.

Question 6

Criminal justice systems are fragmented for reasons such as our desire to maintain a system of check and balances.

Question 7

One reason for continued fragmentation is that as state and local agencies adapt new ideas and technologies, they tend to adapt them to their own way of doing business.

Question 8

Technological incompatibility is always avoidable.

Question 9

Protocol is information being captured once and reused throughout the subsequent decision making points.

Question 10

Characteristically, the entire criminal justice system tends to perform the function of information management exchange very poorly because each island enters information into the system separately, differently, and often repeatedly.

Question 11

A ________ brings together data from multiple transactional systems and enables users to access and analyze the information at various levels throughout an enterprise.

A) data integration
B) Horizontal Partnership
C) Special Service District
D) data warehouse

Question 12

Extensible Mark-up Language (XML) is a flexible way to create ________ information formats and share both the format and the data on the World Wide Web.

A) non-standard
B) unique
C) standard
D) individual

Question 13

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a root markup language that is derived from and similar in some ways to ________.

A) Non-descriptive Markup Language (MNL)
B) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
C) Interchangeable Markup Language (IML)
D) Internet Protocols

Question 14

One of the most popular ________ strategies for crime prevention is the use of agency partnerships.

A) multi-level
B) state-federal
C) local-level
D) federal

Question 15

There are two ways of looking at information and integration partnerships, ________ and vertical partnership.

A) Matched
B) Parallel
C) Horizontal
D) Perpendicular

Question 16

An increasing trend in law enforcement information sharing is for agencies to come together and form ________ communications projects. These are true regional systems that are characterized by multi-horizontal and vertical integrations.

A) Intergovernmental Agreements or Joint Powers Agreements communications projects
B) Vertical Partnership
C) Special Service District
D) Horizontal Partnership

Question 17

A completely integrated criminal justice system would be a network designed to provide each agency with the information it needs to make a/an ________.

A) assessment
B) decision
C) detention
D) arrest

Question 18

In addition to criminal justice practitioners not having strategic decision making information, many field police officers make necessary ________ information.

A) warrant
B) tactical
C) arrest
D) legal

Question 19

There are only so many ________ available for use by criminal justice organizations. On a day-to-day basis, state and local agencies need their own for normal operations. But, during times of crisis or joint operations this adds to the lack of interoperability.

A) vehicles
B) computers
C) radio frequencies
D) Internet connections

Question 20

For any integration system to be successful it must be founded on ________ in data elements, protocols, policies, applications and hardware.

A) standards
B) features
C) theories
D) assumptions

Question 21

An agreement between agencies at the same level of government. For example, three local agencies coming together and sharing resources is an example of:

A) Intergovernmental Agreements or Joint Powers Agreements
B) Vertical Partnership
C) Special Service District
D) Horizontal Partnership

Question 22

In a completely integrated criminal justice information system, which of the following would have access to the information?

A) A detective who is making a decision about an investigation
B) A judge in court who is making a decision about bail
C) A police manager who is making decisions about deployment
D) all of the above

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a concept of criminal justice information systems integration?

A) The ability to control another agencies operational policies and procedures.
B) The ability to receive notifications.
C) The ability to automatically query another organization's data.
D) The ability to select data.

Question 24

Interoperability has two primary dimensions:

A) Interchangeability, interconnectedness
B) Connectability, protocols
C) Interchangeability, Connectability
D) Connectability, Interconnectedness

Question 25

Extensible Markup Language (XML) separates style from:

A) Condition
B) Circumstance
C) Content
D) Context

Question 26

Which of the following are potential solutions to the lack of radio communications interoperability in law enforcement?

A) Trunked Radio Systems
B) Gateway Interface Solution
C) both A and B
D) none of the above

Question 27

Which of the following is true about interagency partnerships?

A) Local governments are eager to pool resources.
B) Questions concerning operational policies and procedures must be addressed.
C) Changing one technology to accommodate another agency usually does not affect other organizational technologies.
D) none of the above

Question 28

Which of the following is a barrier to integration?

A) Different and often incompatible technologies
B) Different radio frequencies
C) Different codes and terms
D) all of the above

Question 29

For the criminal justice to be integrated successfully, it must be founded in standards in all of these, except:

A) Tactical Procedures
B) Hardware Systems
C) Protocols
D) Data Elements

Question 30

Although using TCP/IP network standards allows for the transmission of information, different agency databases are often incompatible because of:

A) Standard data fields
B) Differing database architecture
C) Standard data attributes
D) Standard data values