Deck 4: Gender Inequality

Question 1

Sex is biological, while gender is socially constructed.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Gender roles have both a biological and social basis.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The gendered division of labor is biological rather than social.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Sociologists believe that the media has little influence on gender socialization in U.S. society.

Question 5

Research shows that females have made significant gains in sports since Title IX passed.

Question 6

The power that men have to engage in sex discrimination at the organizational and institutional levels of society is known as individual sexism.

Question 7

Historically, women have been underrepresented in the contingent workforce.

Question 8

Comparable worth is the belief that wages ought to reflect the worth of a job, not the race or gender of the worker.

Question 9

According to research, television shows like Grey's Anatomy have made strides in breaking old stereotypes that portray women as too emotional or sexualized.

Question 10

Women whose husbands perform household chores are experiencing the "Double Shift."

Question 11

Women are sometimes referred to as a minority in the United States because

A) they constitute less than 50 percent of the U.S. population.
B) they do not possess as much wealth, prestige, or power as men.
C) they are physically smaller.
D) All of these are accurate.

Question 12

Sociologists refer to the rights, responsibilities, expectations, and relationships of women and men as

A) gender roles.
B) sex roles.
C) the gendered division of labor.
D) the gender belief system.

Question 13

Sociologists who use a gender-role approach to explain gender inequality focus primarily on

A) how individual psychological development affects the roles people play.
B) how the socialization process contributes to male dominance and female subordination.
C) how large-scale social structures determine the boundaries of men's and women's behavior.
D) how organized religion contributes to gender stereotypes.

Question 14

According to the text, parents' selection of toys for their children

A) teaches boys and girls the same skills.
B) encourages girls and boys to engage in non-traditional pursuits for children of their sex.
C) assigns more active roles to girls than to boys.
D) helps to develop different types of skills and can encourage children to participate in gender-typed activities.

Question 15

Which of the following statements describes gender socialization in the United States?

A) Male peer groups place more pressure on boys to do masculine things than female peer groups place on girls to do feminine things.
B) Sociologists have found that girls who play Little League baseball are encouraged to engage in masculine behavior and act tough even when they are injured.
C) Recent studies have shown that teachers subtly convey the message that girls are more important than boys because females typically have higher grades in school.
D) Gender socialization does not take place once a person graduates from high school.

Question 16

Which of the following prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any educational program or activity receiving financial assistance from the U.S. government?

A) Title V
B) Title X
C) Title IX
D) Title VII

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true regarding media and gender socialization?

A) Television programs offer more female than male characters.
B) Reality TV shows more accurately portray real men and women and reduce stereotypes.
C) Male characters on television and in films usually get what they want by acting helpless, seductive, or deceitful.
D) Female characters who are supervisors or bosses are often portrayed as loud, bossy, and domineering on television and in films.

Question 18

Which of the following refers to the power to discriminate at the organizational level based on one's sex?

A) Institutionalized sexism
B) Individual sexism
C) Gendered prejudice
D) Sexualized prejudice

Question 19

Which percentage of women is in the labor force today?

A) 29%
B) 39%
C) 49%
D) 59%

Question 20

Sociologists refer to the extent to which men and women are concentrated in different occupations and places of work as

A) incomparable worth.
B) gender-biased work.
C) gender-segregated work.
D) gender-integrated work.

Question 21

According to the text, clerical workers, food service workers, and medical assistants are employed in

A) the public sector.
B) the private sector.
C) white-collar occupations.
D) pink-collar occupations.

Question 22

Sociologists examining problems associated with linguistic sexism are using which perspective?

A) symbolic interactionist
B) conflict
C) functionalist
D) dramaturgical

Question 23

Which of the following describes the conflict perspective to gender inequality?

A) Women maintain positions of privilege and power through the control of individual women and social institutions.
B) Capitalism and private ownership of the means of production are primary causes of economic and social inequalities between women and men in contemporary industrial societies.
C) All men are privileged equally when it comes to domination over women.
D) Gender inequality is based on the assumption that social life is a struggle in which members of weak groups seek to maintain control of scarce resources.

Question 24

Which of the following statements would a liberal feminist agree with?

A) Patriarchy is the primary source of gender inequality.
B) Gender inequality is rooted in gender-role socialization, which perpetuates women's lack of equal civil rights and educational opportunities.
C) Women of color face inequalities based on the multiplicative effect of race, class, and gender as simultaneous forces of oppression.
D) The media is the driving force behind gender-based stereotypes.

Question 25

Which of the following ratios is most accurate in describing the gender imbalance concerning births in China?

A) 120 boys are born for every 100 girls.
B) 106 boys are born for every 100 girls.
C) 80 boys are born for every 100 girls.
D) 66 boys are born for every 100 girls.

Question 26

Around the globe, women's problems are further exacerbated by poor medical facilities and health crises such as

A) tuberculosis.
B) malnutrition.
C) HIV/AIDS.
D) malaria.

Question 27

Which of the following theorists focus on microlevel processes in reducing or eliminating gender inequality?

A) functionalists
B) conflict theorists
C) symbolic interactionists
D) feminists

Question 28

Which of the following theorists assert that there is not an all-encompassing gender "problem" concerning inequality?

A) feminists
B) symbolic interactionists
C) functionalists
D) conflict theorists

Question 29

Which of the following theorists use a Marxist approach to explain gender inequality?

A) conflict theorists
B) functionalists
C) symbolic interactionists
D) linguists

Question 30

Which of the following theorists propose strengthening social institutions to combat gender inequality?

A) feminists
B) linguists
C) functionalists
D) symbolic interactionists

Question 31

Which of the following theorists advocate changing the process of socialization in order to reduce gender inequality?

A) symbolic interactionists
B) feminists
C) conflict theorists
D) functionalists

Question 32

The view that males should be more direct and independent than women is a difference based on

A) primary sex characteristics.
B) secondary sex characteristics.
C) biology.
D) gender.

Question 33

The social basis for dressing baby girls in pink and treating them more gently and cautiously than boys is

A) gendered division of labor.
B) gender segregated work.
C) gender belief system.
D) gender-role approach.

Question 34

Which of the following statements best describes the "reverse sexism" that occurs in today's classrooms?

A) Girls' successes in education are coming at the expense of boys' successes.
B) Because teachers have been trained to make up for earlier gender bias, boys may be at a disadvantage in the classroom.
C) Because teachers have been trained to make up for earlier gender bias, girls may be at a disadvantage in the classroom.
D) Boys are more likely to be called on in classrooms, whether they volunteer or not.

Question 35

Why do many employers advocate contingent employees?

A) because these employers are discriminatory
B) because these employers are functionalists
C) because these employers are concerned about keeping costs low
D) because these employers are sexist

Question 36

Adjunct instructors, who do not receive benefits or full-time status at their respective institutions, are examples of

A) pink-collar workers.
B) white-collar workers.
C) blue-collar workers.
D) contingent workers.

Question 37

Which percentage of employed mothers are the sole breadwinners for their families?

A) 25%
B) 33%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 38

According to functionalist analysts, one of the primary causes of gender inequality is

A) linguistic sexism.
B) the gendered division of labor in families.
C) the organization of work in the capitalist economy.
D) patriarchy.

Question 39

Mary works for a temporary employment agency as a clerical assistant. She earns minimum wage and the temporary agency will offer medical benefits when she works full-time for six consecutive months, which is difficult due to the intermittent nature of temporary work. Mary works in a

A) dead-end job.
B) pink-collar occupation.
C) male-dominated position.
D) white-collar occupation.

Question 40

Mary works as a civil engineer with a team of equally qualified male engineers. Mary learns that she, along with the other female engineers, earns about 15% less than their male team members. This example best illustrates the

A) the glass ceiling.
B) the glass escalator.
C) wage gap.
D) the double shift.

Question 41

How do sports and sexual harassment in schools perpetuate gender-stereotyped expectations and behavior? Discuss the significance of gender bias in schools.

Question 42

Discuss the glass ceiling and the glass escalator in today's workplace. Compare and contrast the relative effects of each on women and men.

Question 43

Describe interactionist, functionalist, and conflict explanations of gender inequality. Which explanation do you think most fully and successfully explains gender inequality?

Question 44

Describe functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist solutions to gender-related inequality. Which perspective's solution do you think is most viable?

Question 45

Create a list of at least five suggestions that classroom teachers can follow to reduce gender inequality in their classrooms. Explain each suggestion.