Deck 28: Muscles of Mastication, Hyoid Muscles, and Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Muscles

Question 1

The mylohyoid muscle originates from the mylohyoid line on the medial surface of each side of the maxilla. The left and right muscles fuse into what is known as a raphe.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true; the second is false.
C) The first statement is false; the second is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Answer 1

C
The mylohyoid muscle originates from the mylohyoid line on the medial surface of each side of the mandible.

Question 2

Each of the following is a muscle of the suprahyoid group EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?

A) Digastric
B) Geniohyoid
C) Mylohyoid
D) Thyrohyoid

Answer 2

D
The thyrohyoid muscle is a member of the infrahyoid muscle group. Hyoid muscles are divided into two groups-those above the hyoid bone are called the suprahyoid muscles and those below are called the infrahyoid muscles.

Question 3

The floor of the mouth is formed by which muscle?

A) Stylohyoid
B) Geniohyoid
C) Mylohyoid
D) Digastric

Answer 3

C
The mylohyoid muscle forms what is called the floor of the mouth. It is a member of the suprahyoid group whose action is depression of the mandible.

Question 4

The larynx moves up and down during swallowing. The thyrohyoid muscle pulls the larynx down.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true; the second is false.
C) The first statement is false; the second is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 5

The hyoid bone, a portion of the zygomatic arch, is unusual because it articulates with no other bone.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT correct.
D) The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 6

The temporal muscle has a very narrow origin. Contraction of the entire temporalis elevates the mandible.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true; the second is false.
C) The first statement is false; the second is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 7

Hyoid muscles have a role in depressing the mandible. This includes the suprahyoid and the thyrohyoid muscles.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true; the second is false.
C) The first statement is false; the second is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 8

The muscles of mastication are innervated by the fifth cranial nerve because they develop from the first (mandibular) pharyngeal arch.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT correct.
D) The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 9

Hyoid muscles located above the hyoid bone are called suprahyoid muscles. When contracted, most muscles of this group elevate the mandible.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true; the second is false.
C) The first statement is false; the second is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 10

All muscles of mastication insert into the disc of the TMJ. The blood supply to these muscles comes from the maxillary artery, which is a branch of the carotid.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true; the second is false.
C) The first statement is false; the second is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 11

The masseter muscle is probably the most powerful of the muscles of suprahyoid group. When the masseter contracts, it elevates the mandible, which closes the mouth.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true; the second is false.
C) The first statement is false; the second is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 12

Involuntary contraction and spasms of the sternomastoid and trapezius muscles can be caused by migraine headaches. Some malocclusions can also cause such spasms.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true; the second is false.
C) The first statement is false; the second is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 13

Which muscle of mastication does not have two origins?

A) Medial pterygoid
B) Lateral pterygoid
C) Masseter
D) Temporal

Question 14

The lateral pterygoid performs each of the following actions upon the mandible EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A) Depression
B) Protrusion
C) Retrusion
D) Lateral movement

Question 15

The shape of the hyoid bone resembles a

A) Circle
B) Straight line
C) Triangle
D) Horseshoe

Question 16

During an extraoral examination it is necessary to palpate beneath the sternothyroid muscle because enlarged lymph nodes may be lying against the internal jugular vein in the neck.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT correct.
D) The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 17

Innervation to the digastric muscle is unusual because it has two nerves supplying it.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT correct.
D) The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 18

The mandible is elevated by each of the following EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?

A) Medial pterygoid
B) Masseter
C) Geniohyoid
D) Temporal

Question 19

Which muscle originates in the upper sternum and inserts into the thyroid cartilage?

A) Sternohyoid
B) Sternothyroid
C) Thyrohyoid
D) Sternocleidomastoid

Question 20

Contraction of only the posterior portion of the temporalis muscle retrudes the mandible because this action also depresses the mandible.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT correct.
D) The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 21

All the muscles of mastication are attached to an area of the mandible.

Question 22

The suprahyoid and thyrohyoid muscles control laryngeal movements.

Question 23

Spasms originating from the TMJ can be referred (as pain) to the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM).

Question 24

The suprahyoid muscles are innervated by cranial nerves.

Question 25

The muscles of mastication are innervated by the facial nerve.

Question 26

The SCM is innervated by which cranial nerve?

A) Fifth
B) Seventh
C) Tenth
D) Eleventh

Question 27

If the left lateral pterygoid contracts, the mandible will move to the left because one of the lateral pterygoid muscles acting by itself accomplishes lateral excursion.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT correct.
D) The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 28

The insertion of a muscle is attached to the more movable structure.

Question 29

Which muscle of mastication fans out widely at its origin?

A) Masseter
B) Temporal
C) Medial pterygoid
D) Lateral pterygoid

Question 30

The sternocleidomastoid muscle has an origin at the superior border of the scapula. When the muscle contracts it pulls the hyoid bone down.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true; the second is false.
C) The first statement is false; the second is true.
D) Both statements are false.