Deck 5: Developmental Disabilities: Causes and Classificationscauses and Classifications

Question 1

Research suggests that the causes of developmental disabilities are strictly environmental.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Most young children experience one or more developmental irregularities that may or may not require special attention.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Regardless of the cause of the developmental disability, damage can occur at any stage of development, including before birth.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Behavioral geneticists argue that infants themselves exert influence on their own environment.

Question 5

Genetic disorders can now be cured by modern medical techniques.

Question 6

Fragile X syndrome only occurs in people of a certain.

Question 7

Abnormal gene disorders can be inherited, and some are particular to a certain race, such as Tay-Sachs disease.

Question 8

No drug is safe for a developing fetus.

Question 9

A pregnant person diagnosed with HIV can transmit the virus to their unborn child.

Question 10

Lead poisoning is no longer a problem for young children because there are very strict regulations regarding lead-based paint.

Question 11

What can genetic disabilities be caused by?

A) Biological accidents
B) Poverty
C) Malnutrition during pregnancy
D) Vaccines

Question 12

What are some genetic disorders?

A) Cystic fibrosis and sickle-cell anemia
B) Duchenne muscular dystrophy and fragile X syndrome
C) Meningitis and sickle-cell anemia
D) PKU and autism

Question 13

What is a potential result of children who have been prenatally exposed to cocaine?

A) They often die before their first birthday from heart conditions.
B) They have smaller heads, small ears, and short fingers.
C) They are often underweight and are at greater risk for disabilities.
D) They are usually hyperactive.

Question 14

It is estimated that no more than 3 percent of all congenital disabilities are the result of what factor?

A) Chemical substances
B) The parent's health during pregnancy
C) Complications during birth
D) Genetics alone

Question 15

Why are speech and language disabilities the second-largest category of educational disabilities?

A) It is due to the rate of birth complications in the country.
B) They often accompany another disability.
C) The diagnostic guidelines are broader.
D) They are an unexpected result of environmental conditions.

Question 16

A major preventive measure for developmental disabilities is adequate health care.

Question 17

What is a persistent and pervasive social issue causing a disproportionate number of disabilities?

A) Alcohol abuse
B) Climate change
C) Poverty
D) Recreational drug use

Question 18

What is the difference between a chromosomal abnormality and a single-gene defect?

A) Chromosomal abnormalities often show racial variations; single-gene defects occur in all races with similar frequency.
B) Chromosomal abnormalities affect future pregnancies; single-gene defects do not.
C) Chromosomal abnormalities are usually biological accidents occurring as a one-time occurrence; single-gene defects are hereditary.
D) Chromosomal abnormalities are hereditary; single-gene defects are usually biological accidents and a one-time occurrence.

Question 19

How is autism viewed currently, compared to the original assessment in the 1940s?

A) Early research demonstrated that a reduced head size at birth followed by an excessive increase in head size between one to two months and six to fourteen months of age might be common in children with autism; current research does not indicate this.
B) Today, autism is known to be a developmental disorder disability of the brain; in the 1940s, it was blamed on a lack of affectionate and responsive parenting.
C) Today, autism is considered to be due to a lack of affectionate and responsive parenting; in the 1940s, it was thought to be a developmental disability.
D) In the 1940s, the medical origin remained unknown in most cases; now, it is known.

Question 20

What is a developmental condition or deviation present at the time of birth that may or may not be caused by genetics?

A) Autosomal developmental condition
B) Congenital developmental condition
C) Biological developmental condition
D) Inherited developmental condition

Question 21

How many chromosomes are in a fertilized egg?

A) 21
B) 22
C) 38
D) 46

Question 22

Genetic disorders are not caused by an alteration in the chromosomal materials that control inherited characteristics.

Question 23

If a gene on any chromosome (except the sex chromosome) is inherited by either parent, this results in a child with what type of medical condition?

A) Biological insult disorder
B) Autosomal recessive gene disorder
C) Sex-linked gene disorder
D) Autosomal dominant gene disorder

Question 24

If a gene carried by healthy parents on any chromosome (except the sex chromosome) is inherited from both parents, this results in a child with a medical condition not present in the parents and is classified as what kind of disorder?

A) Biological insult disorder
B) Autosomal recessive gene disorder
C) Sex-linked gene disorder
D) Autosomal dominant gene disorder

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of a genetic disorder?

A) Hearing loss
B) Down syndrome
C) Rubella
D) Herpes simplex

Question 26

According to the text, what is responsible for 25 percent or more of all developmental disabilities?

A) Prenatal infections
B) Syndromes
C) Sex-linked gene disorders
D) Metabolic disorders

Question 27

Anoxia is an example of a complication that occurs at what time?

A) Prior to conception
B) Prenatally
C) During birth
D) Following birth

Question 28

How many categories of disabilities are provided under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)?

A) Five
B) Nine
C) Twelve
D) Fourteen

Question 29

Which of the following is the second largest category of educational disabilities in children ages six to twenty-one years?

A) Specific learning disabilities
B) Developmental delays
C) Intellectual disabilities
D) Speech and language disabilities

Question 30

An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors may be a characteristic of a child who is labeled as what?

A) Having a developmental disability
B) Having a medical condition
C) Having an emotional disability
D) Having autism

Question 31

Under the IDEIA, in order to fully be eligible for special education and related services, a child's educational performance must be which of the following?

A) Supported by categorical funding
B) Exceptional
C) Within the range of same same-aged peers
D) Adversely affected

Question 32

Which of the following is a new term under IDEIA?

A) Specific learning disability
B) Emotional disturbance
C) Orthopedic impairments
D) Intellectual disability

Question 33

Many developmental disabilities that occur before, during, or after a baby's birth can be directly or indirectly related to:

A) genetics.
B) poor nutrition.
C) lead poisoning.
D) poverty.

Question 34

Which of the following affects a child's development by causing speech delays, attention problems, learning disabilities, behavioral disorders, neurological and renal damage, short statute, anemia, hearing loss, and intellectual disabilities?

A) Nutritional deficiency
B) Lead poisoning
C) PKU
D) Meningitis

Question 35

Which of the following is a complication that can occur following birth?

A) Encephalitis
B) Anoxia
C) Preeclampsia
D) HIV

Question 36

Cystic fibrosis is a _____ that causes a buildup of mucus in the lungs, digestive system, and other organs.

A) metabolic disorder
B) post-natal infection
C) autosomal disorder
D) syndrome

Question 37

A normal or above-normal IQ is characteristic of most children with learning disabilities.

Question 38

Public and private money assigned on the basis of the type of disability is referred to as:

A) federal funding.
B) categorical funding.
C) Head Start funding.
D) special education funding.

Question 39

Which of the following is a developmental disability that significantly affects verbal and non-verbal communication and social interactions?

A) Emotional disturbance
B) Specific learning disability
C) Autism
D) Traumatic brain injury

Question 40

Research shows that English Language Learners who are misplaced in special education demonstrate lower verbal and full-scale IQ scores after placement in special education than at their initial evaluations.

Question 41

When there is an overrepresentation of minority students classified under IDEIA with a learning disability or other type of disability, it is referred to as:

A) disproportionality.
B) under-identification.
C) categorical placement.
D) over-classification.

Question 42

Response to Intervention (RTI) is being used to prevent the overuse of the label

A) special needs.
B) autism spectrum disorder.
C) emotionally troubled.
D) specific learning disability.

Question 43

Below average general intellectual functioning, along with deficits in adaptive behavior, is included in which diagnosis?

A) Genetic disability
B) Intellectual disability
C) Physical disability
D) Chronic health conditions

Question 44

Health disorders can be categorized as

A) acute.
B) obtuse.
C) high functioning.
D) syndromes.

Question 45

What is a condition that is present at the time of birth categorized as?

A) Stigmata
B) Biological insult
C) Congenital condition
D) Prenatal condition

Question 46

What is the term used to describe interference with or damage to an individual's physical structure or functioning?

Question 47

What causes genetic disorders resulting in abnormal biological development?

Question 48

When is a child said to have a syndrome?

Question 49

List three reasons causes of orthopedic disabilities.

Question 50

What is a visual impairment?

Question 51

List and explain three reasons for not categorizing and labeling young children.

Question 52

List the specific categories of disabilities recognized in IDEIA.

Question 53

Explain when health conditions are considered a disability.

Question 54

What is a congenital disability? Give an example.

Question 55

What are two examples of metabolic disorders?

Question 56

What is temperament, and what effect can it have on a child's development? Give an example.

Question 57

What are the possible effects of lead poisoning on children?

Question 58

How do a family's child-rearing practices influence a child's development? Give an example.

Question 59

What is the difference between a chronic and an acute health problem? Give an example of each.

Question 60

List three physical stigmata of a child with Down syndrome.