Question 1

Eccentricity is used to describe the _____ of an orbit.&#10;A) semi major axis&#10;B) stretched out amount&#10;C) time&#10;D) area

Accepted Answer

Eccentricity measures how much an orbit deviates from being circular, essentially describing how "stretched out" it is.

Question 2

Kepler's third law is _________. A) Law of ellipses B) Law of equal areas in equal times C) P²=A³ D) Law of gravity

Accepted Answer

Kepler's third law states that the square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit. This is often summarized as $P^2 \propto a^3$, which matches the format given in option C (P²=A³), where P represents the period and a represents the semi-major axis.

Question 3

Galileo found the following:&#10;A) Jupiter's moons&#10;B) Saturn was disfigured&#10;C) Craters on the moon&#10;D) All of the above are correct.

Accepted Answer

Galileo Galilei made several significant discoveries using his telescope. He discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto), observed Saturn and noted its odd appearance (later understood as its rings), and saw craters on the Moon, challenging the Aristotelian idea of the celestial bodies being perfect and unchanging.

Question 4

According to Kepler's 2nd law, a planet&#10;A) has an elliptical orbit.&#10;B) travels fastest when it is closest to the Sun.&#10;C) travels fastest when it is farthest from the Sun.&#10;D) has a period whose square is the same as the cube of its distance.

Accepted Answer

Kepler's 2nd law, also known as the law of equal areas, states that a line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time. This means that a planet moves faster when it is closer to the Sun (perihelion) and slower when it is farther from the Sun (aphelion), making choice B correct.

Question 5

This law states planets move in equal areas in equal times: _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This law states planets move in equal...

Question 6

Kepler used the observations of _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kepler used the observations of _____________....

Question 7

Galileo proved the planets moved in ellipses.

Accepted Answer

Johannes Kepler was the one who proved that planets move in ellipses with his laws of planetary motion, not Galileo.

Question 8

Brahe took data to prove the Copernican heliocentric model.

Accepted Answer

Tycho Brahe collected extensive data on the positions of planets, but he did not support the Copernican heliocentric model; instead, he proposed a geoheliocentric system where the Earth was at the center, and the Sun and Moon orbited Earth, while the other planets orbited the Sun.

Deck 12: The Beginnings of Modern Astronomy