Deck 2: Management Before Industrialization

Question 1

Leadership, delegation, span of control, planning, organizing, and controlling were managerial practices that were rarely found among ancient peoples.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In modern organizational terms, the early Catholic church leaders perceived a need to "institutionalize"
the church; that is, the need to specify policies, procedures, doctrine, and authority.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Sun Tzu's decision rules developed for military strategy over 2,000 years ago are not useful in guiding modern business strategy.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The idea of a span of control is at least as old as the Egyptian civilization, and was practiced by the Incas and by other early civilizations as well.

Question 5

Craft guilds promoted the division of labor by specifying job jurisdictions--that is, what work was to be done by members of that craft only.

Question 6

According to Adam Smith, the division of labor led to greater productivity without any negative consequences.

Question 7

Charisma is an Egyptian concept that pertained to the "rule of ten"
in administrative ratios.

Question 8

The "just price"
for a product, according to St. Thomas Aquinas, was the market, or prevailing price.

Question 9

Business ethics, according to Nider, should be caveat venditor.

Question 10

The domestic system of production emerged as a result of the development of steam power.

Question 11

McClelland isolated the psychological factor "need for power"
to help explain Protestant values toward work.

Question 12

The Liberty ethic was the idea that government is created to protect our basic human rights.

Question 13

Max Weber created the idea of a Market ethic.

Question 14

Ethics in business transactions was generally ignored in the development of western society until the 21st century.

Question 15

The Protestant ethic was the idea that working hard, reinvesting your money, and living frugally was good.

Question 16

In the development of management thought, the Egyptians were probably the first to recognize the concept of:

A) merit rating system
B) span of control
C) early concept of a "corporation"
D) double entry accounting system
E) product liability

Question 17

Perhaps the one person who had the greatest influence on the formation of modern constitutional governments was:

A) Adam Smith
B) Max Weber
C) Thomas Hobbes
D) Nicolo Machiavelli
E) none of the above

Question 18

The Scholastics and the Catholic Church opposed guilds because they:

A) were monopolistic and restrained trade.
B) followed the belief of caveat emptor.
C) consisted entirely of atheists.
D) followed the dictum of caveat venditor.
E) none of the above.

Question 19

___________employed the "exception principle."

A) Socrates
B) Aristotle
C) Plato
D) Moses
E) none of the above

Question 20

In an attempt to explain the emergence of capitalism from a previously feudal society, Max Weber examined:

A) the political policies of the rulers of early modern Europe.
B) the contrasting social values of the Protestants and Catholics which came out of the Reformation.
C) the contrasting levels of economic progress between America and Europe.
D) the abolition of a feudal peasantry in Britain before any other continental nation.
E) all of the above

Question 21

Who believed that Protestantism did not cause capitalism, but that capitalism led to Protestantism?

A) R. H. Tawney
B) Werner Sombart
C) Max Weber
D) David McClelland
E) Adam Smith

Question 22

The first historical mention of accounting and dealing with the handling of receipts can be found in the writings of:

A) Hammurabi
B) Confucius
C) Kautilya
D) Sun Tzu
E) Moses

Question 23

According to Max Weber, the idea(s) that had a significant impact on the motivations of people included:

A) waste of time was the deadliest of sins
B) a willingness to work
C) division and specialization of labor was Divine Will
D) the consumption beyond basic needs was wasteful and sinful
E) all of the above

Question 24

Managerial practices that could be found among many ancient peoples include:

A) leadership
B) delegation
C) controlling
D) all of the above
E) only b and c above

Question 25

Aristotle had numerous insights into management. Among them were:

A) the specialization of labor
B) departmentalization
C) synergy
D) leadership
E) all of the above

Question 26

The Greek who described the advantages of the division of labor was:

A) Aristotle
B) Xavier
C) Socrates
D) Xenophon
E) Plato

Question 27

A Greek philosopher who proposed a system of ethics was:

A) Xenophon
B) Aristotle
C) Socrates
D) Plato
E) Aesop

Question 28

McClelland supported Max Weber's conclusions about the spirit of capitalism for the following reason(s):

A) the Protestant reformation emphasized self-reliance rather than reliance on others in all facets of life.
B) Protestant parents changed child-rearing practices to teach self-reliance and independence.
C) it has been empirically demonstrated by McClelland and his associates that child-rearing practices lead to a higher need for achievement in sons.
D) a higher need for achievement leads to spurts of economic activity such as that which Weber characterized as the spirit of capitalism.
E) all of the above

Question 29

The cultural rebirth was described in terms of:

A) the Protestant ethic
B) the Liberty ethic
C) the Market ethic
D) all of the above
E) only a and b above

Question 30

The domestic system of production can be described best as:

A) labor intensive
B) efficient in its distribution of products
C) capital intensive
D) only a and b above
E) only b and c above

Question 31

Adam Smith had doubts about the behavior of "joint stock" ventures and those who managed "other people's money." Discuss this in terms of contemporary management practices.

Question 32

Machiavelli described three ways to "the top." Describe each and its advantages and disadvantages.

Question 33

Max Weber argued there was a difference between one's "greed for gain" and "rational capitalism." Agree? Disagree?