Deck 9: The Human Factor: Preparing the Way

Question 1

Females were influential in the welfare/industrial betterment movement, occupying positions that helped shape corporate policy.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Whereas the welfare movement stressed the value of people to an organization, it lacked the rigor and professionalism necessary for the growth of modern human- resource management.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

"Plutology,"
the study of how humans satisfied their wants, anticipated the later work of "need theorists,"
such as Abraham Maslow.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Hugo Münsterberg was the creator of industrial psychology.

Question 5

Whiting Williams's views were unique in that he established earnings as a means of social comparison.

Question 6

Münsterberg considered Gantt the "brilliant originator"
of scientific management.

Question 7

Whiting Williams's experiences taught him that the worker was a rational "economic man"
who maximized wages regardless of how much other persons earned.

Question 8

Whiting Williams felt that all persons--including managers--measured their individual worth and their value to society in terms of their job.

Question 9

The Gestalt theory of psychology emphasized the importance of individuals rather than groups.

Question 10

Emile Durkheim substituted groups as the source of values and norms as the new collective consciousness.

Question 11

Vilfredo Pareto originated the notion of "social systems."

Question 12

Unions suffered a decline in membership during the 1920s, leading to an era of union-management cooperation.

Question 13

The philosophy of the American Federation of Labor was to use productivity, not political power, to achieve gains for labor.

Question 14

The dual heritage of personnel management comes from:

A) the notion of personnel work as "welfare" and scientific management ideas
B) New England and the "Waltham Plan"
C) John Patterson and Lena Tracy of N.C.R.
D) Wundt and Münsterberg
E) the emphasis on efficiency and effectiveness

Question 15

The pseudoscience that proclaimed it could aid in personnel selection through the study of bumps and indentations on the human skull was:

A) andrometry
B) psychometry
C) optometry
D) graphology
E) phrenology

Question 16

Henry Ford hired 100 "advisers" to investigate his worker's homes. What did Ford want to find out about his workers?

A) if their homes were neat and clean
B) if they drank too much
C) if their sex life was without tarnish
D) if they used their leisure time profitably
E) all of the above

Question 17

Münsterberg's book, Psychology and Industrial Efficiency, called for industrial research to find:

A) "The Best Possible Man"
B) "The Best Possible Work"
C) "The Best Possible Effect"
D) all of the above
E) only a and b

Question 18

The father of experimental psychology,_______, opened the way for applied, and eventually, industrial psychology.

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Thorstein Veblen
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) Ordway Tead
E) Hugo Münsterberg

Question 19

__________was the creator of industrial psychology.

A) Wilhelm Wundt
B) Ordway Tead
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Hugo Münsterberg
E) Thorstein Veblen

Question 20

The_______was a reform movement that advocated a personal involvement in solving social and economic problems.

A) Social Gospel
B) Social Scientism
C) Social Darwinism
D) both a and b
E) none of the above

Question 21

The beginnings of industrial sociology can be found in:

A) the Social Gospel
B) Hugo Münsterberg's research
C) the ideas of Whiting Williams
D) only a and b above
E) only a and c

Question 22

What did Whiting Williams do to study working conditions?

A) he traveled from company to company and asked the managers.
B) he quit his job as personnel director and became a participant-observer.
C) he started interviewing labor leaders.
D) he took surveys that used Likert-type measurement scales.

Question 23

According to_______, all persons measured their individual worth and their value to society in terms of their job.

A) Harlow Person
B) Whiting Williams
C) Walter Dill Scott
D) Hugo Münsterberg
E) none of the above

Question 24

Whiting Williams's view was unique in that he established earnings as a means of_______.

A) providing incentives to work harder
B) comparing levels of fringe benefits
C) social comparison
D) insuring the application of the "Eleventh Commandment"
E) none of the above

Question 25

Why was it important to bring the social sciences to bear on the problems of industry?

Question 26

Why did Henry Ford establish a "Sociology Department"? Why was it abandoned?

Question 27

Compare and contrast the ideas of Hugo Münsterberg with those found in a contemporary industrial/organizational psychology text or an organizational behavior text.

Question 28

What role did the "Social Gospel"
play in industrial sociology?

Question 29

What was "applied economics"? What contributions did John R. Commons make to applied economics?

Question 30

What modern ideas resemble the events that Whiting Williams observed in practice (clue: "equity")?