Deck 14: Appendix 4: Waves of Innovation and Predicting the Future

Question 1

What economist initially developed the understanding that capitalistic economies experience long wave cycles of forty to sixty years?

A) Schumpeter
B) Kondratieff
C) Volland
D) Chandler
E) Simon

Answer 1

Kondratieff

Question 2

Schumpeter argued that ____ was the basic function of the entrepreneur in capitalistic societies.

A) Marketing
B) Innovation
C) Managing
D) Making money
E) Franchising

Answer 2

Innovation

Question 3

The Railroad wave led to which type of organizational structure?

A) Simple administrative structure
B) Divisional structure
C) Product structure
D) Functional structure
E) SBU

Answer 3

Functional structure

Question 4

A structure where an engineer reports to the manager of a project to build a new jet fighter and to the director of engineering would be referred to as a ____ structure.

A) Strategic business unit (SBU)
B) Network
C) Functional
D) Matrix
E) Simple

Question 5

Which of these developments is not part of the motorization wave?

A) Trucking grew as a link between small towns
B) The emergence of the SBU structure
C) Microprocessors and satellites allow almost instantaneous information transfers
D) No longer did they have to follow the railroad routes or waterways for mechanized travel
E) Aircraft manufacturing grew in importance

Question 6

Which wave of innovation began in the early 1900's?

A) Mechanization
B) Railroad
C) Electrification
D) Informational
E) Motorization

Question 7

When did Schumpeter believe most innovations tended to accumulate?

A) End of downturn
B) Beginning of a downturn
C) End of an upturn
D) Beginning of an upturn
E) All periods are equal

Question 8

Vanston proposed different methods to identify the future over the next five to 10 years. Which of the following is not a method to identify the future over this intermediate term?

A) Extrapolation
B) Pattern analysis
C) Simulation modeling
D) Counterpunching
E) Goal analysis

Question 9

The examination of cycles based on historical data is ____.

A) Trend extrapolation
B) Expert consensus
C) Simulation
D) Scenario building
E) Decision trees

Question 10

MRAM will be able to ____.

A) Attach small sensors to individuals to constantly monitor their body
B) Allow hydrogen to be used to generate electricity in batteries
C) Allow data to be stored even when the power is lost
D) Make predictions on the future based on the opinions of experts
E) Build a simulation that allows the future to be predicted

Question 11

Describe four of the six long waves of innovation and the new industrial sectors that developed at that time.

Question 12

During the first five waves of innovation what organizational structure developed at each stage? Briefly describe each structure.

Question 13

Describe the methods to view the future over the immediate term - five to 10 years.

Question 14

Describe the methods to forecast the short term future.