Deck 7: American Indians

Question 1

Native Americans experienced __________ from the dominant group.

A) affirmative action
B) segregation
C) assimilation
D) celebration

Answer 1

segregation

Question 2

Before European colonization, approximately how many Native Americans lived in what would become the United States?

A) Less than one million
B) Between one and six million
C) Between six and ten million
D) Over ten million

Answer 2

Between six and ten million

Question 3

Whites viewing Native Americans as cruel, treacherous, lying, dirty heathens is an example of __________.

A) self-justification
B) discrimination
C) cruelty
D) ingroup hostility

Answer 3

self-justification

Question 4

In the mid-19th century, the U.S. government adopted a policy of __________ as a means to deal with Native Americans.

A) xenophobia
B) ethnocentrism
C) outgroup hostility
D) forced relocation

Question 5

The Civil Rights Movement __________.

A) inspired Native Americans
B) slowed Native American progress
C) discouraged Native Americans
D) angered Native Americans

Question 6

Columbus's first impressions of the Arawak tribe in the Caribbean reflected __________.

A) xenophobia
B) stereotyping
C) ethnocentrism
D) self-justification

Question 7

__________ is mentioned by the text as a disease faced by Native Americans after exposure to Europeans.

A) Measles
B) Cholera
C) Influenza
D) Cancer

Question 8

19th-century U.S. policies, including __________ prevented most tribes from becoming full participants in U.S. society.

A) removal
B) reconciliation
C) restoration
D) affirmative action

Question 9

According to Benjamin Franklin's account, which of the following did the Iroquois consider to be elements of European education?

A) Knowledge of cabin building
B) Increased masculinity
C) Knowledge of the Iroquois language
D) Nothing useful for living in the woods

Question 10

__________ was a political feature of the Iroquois League.

A) Free political expression
B) Hierarchical tribal authority
C) Restricted religious expression
D) A dictatorial political system

Question 11

__________viewed Native Americans as Noble Savages, while __________ viewed them as bloodthirsty barbarians.

A) Bartolome de las Casas; Columbus
B) Juan Gines de Sepulveda; Bartolome de las Casas
C) Bartolome de las Casas; Juan Gines de Sepulveda
D) Columbus; Juan Gines de Sepulveda

Question 12

Franklin's account of the Indian response to the offer of scholarships for educating Indian youth at Williamsburg illustrates __________.

A) assimilation
B) different value orientations
C) integration
D) upward mobility

Question 13

For the Indians, cultural diffusion usually meant __________.

A) less self-sufficiency
B) greater self-sufficiency
C) assimilation
D) annihilation

Question 14

Unrestrained displays of affection or temper and the use of corporal punishment have rarely been part of __________ child-care practices.

A) European
B) Native American
C) Greek
D) Christian

Question 15

What are identified in the text as "the basic building blocks" of Native American societies?

A) Intertribal alliances
B) Kin relationships
C) The buffalo
D) Ancestor worship

Question 16

A "No Trespassing" sign would most likely be found in which culture?

A) Native American
B) Swedish
C) European-American
D) East African

Question 17

Belief that a wrong had to be repaid, even if it took years, but not to a greater degree is called __________.

A) self-justification
B) ethnocentrism
C) retributive justice
D) noncompetitive revenge

Question 18

Native-American silence with strangers usually indicates __________.

A) caution
B) egotism
C) low levels of intelligence
D) non-sociability

Question 19

In a larger context, the fundamental difference in values that separate European Americans from Native Americans is that European Americans __________.

A) see art and religion holistically
B) see the world from a linear perspective
C) emphasize experience over interpretation
D) understand life as a great circle

Question 20

The Trail of Tears refers to the deadly expulsion of the __________.

A) Cherokee
B) Apache
C) Iroquois
D) Seminoles

Question 21

The government administrator in charge of the Native American relocation program had also presided over the __________.

A) the Indian Removal Act
B) the General Allotment Act
C) the Restoration Act
D) Japanese American internment camps

Question 22

One tribe brought to economic disaster by the termination program was the __________.

A) Cherokee
B) Iroquois
C) Menominee
D) Taos Pueblo

Question 23

Approximately what percentage of the Mississippi Choctaw perished in their march to Oklahoma?

A) 5%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 45%

Question 24

The expulsion of the Cherokee was primarily motivated by __________.

A) their inability to fit in with white society
B) their fertile land that was coveted by whites
C) their active assaults on the white settlements
D) religious reasons

Question 25

Today, with approximately 200,000 Aborigines dispersed throughout Australia, they account for only __________ of the total population.

A) one percent
B) two percent
C) ten percent
D) twenty percent

Question 26

Why did the U.S. Supreme Court deny the Cherokee the right to sue Georgia?

A) The Cherokee were not considered a foreign nation.
B) John Marshall argued that the Cherokee should be forcibly removed.
C) The Court wanted to concur with the other two branches of government.
D) Andrew Jackson intervened in the decision.

Question 27

Which of the following could be reasonably drawn from the textbook's account of the Cherokee westward expulsion?

A) That the Cherokee achieved amalgamation with European Americans.
B) That ethnic pluralism has been a dominant culture value throughout American history.
C) That attempts at assimilation can be disastrous failures.
D) That the Cherokee were uninterested in assimilating with European American culture.

Question 28

The General Allotment Act of 1887 attempted to __________.

A) establish permanent Indian reservations
B) give individual allocations of food and clothing
C) offer employment assistance in urban centers
D) end communal ownership of Indian lands and encourage private ownership

Question 29

As a result of Congress's termination of sovereign nation status for Native American tribes, __________ became responsible for the welfare of Native Americans.

A) inter-tribal councils
B) tribal chiefs
C) government bureaucrats
D) churches

Question 30

__________ was a Cherokee effort to attain assimilation.

A) Holding onto a hunting and gathering economy
B) The burning of sawmills
C) The creation of a written language
D) Retaining their religion

Question 31

According to Figure 7.1, what is the median age of Native American females?

A) 30.0
B) 31.0
C) 36.5
D) 38.2

Question 32

According to Figure 7.2, what percentage of Native American males graduate from college?

A) 3.3%
B) 13.3%
C) 23.3%
D) 33.3%

Question 33

Based on the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011, approximately what percentage of American Indians own their homes?

A) 17%
B) 35%
C) 54%
D) 67%

Question 34

What is referred to as the "new buffalo" for American Indians?

A) Farming
B) Casinos
C) Tourism
D) Forestry

Question 35

__________ is/are identified in recent studies as a suicide risk factor for Native American youth.

A) Family instability
B) LGBT issues
C) A lack of firearm safety
D) Bullying

Question 36

The median age for Native American males is about __________ than the median age in the U.S. population.

A) three years younger
B) three years older
C) six years younger
D) six years older

Question 37

The Native-American birthrate is __________.

A) lower than Asians, blacks and whites
B) slightly below the national average
C) below that of all other ethnic minorities
D) slowly decreasing

Question 38

The education of Native-Americans __________.

A) will enable the next generation to enter the mainstream
B) is more effective at the boarding schools than elsewhere
C) has made great strides in reducing the drop-out rate
D) results in fewer high school graduates than for other U.S. minority groups

Question 39

Efforts to overcome chronic unemployment among Native Americans now emphasize __________.

A) attracting light industry and business to reservations
B) increasing tourism to reservations
C) relocating Indians near industrial parks
D) creating a federal job corps

Question 40

A recent proposal suggested that many reservations be used as __________.

A) national parks
B) tourist camping grounds
C) toxic dumping grounds
D) independent municipalities

Question 41

The most serious resource shortage for many Western tribes is __________.

A) electricity
B) fertilizer
C) natural gas
D) water

Question 42

The Pan-Indian movement has been of limited success primarily because of __________.

A) emphasis on tribal identities
B) government resistance
C) reservations scattered among many states
D) weak leadership

Question 43

The major problem with the Bureau of Indian Affairs dealing with Native Americans is that __________.

A) no Native Americans are in leadership positions within the organization
B) the organization is not large enough to handle the many different tribes
C) it is a bureaucracy attempting to run people's lives
D) the Bureau is inherently racist

Question 44

Urban Native Americans __________.

A) tend to settle in ethnic enclaves as have most immigrant groups
B) assimilate rather quickly and are not a visible minority
C) may become acculturated but usually not assimilated
D) are extremely small in numbers

Question 45

Jonathan is an American Indian whose parents have lived outside of reservations all of their lives. Lately he has decided to return to the old ways of his ancestors even though he has a job at a major corporation. He is reviving some old customs and even speaks both English and his native tribal language. What stage of assimilation is he in?

A) Marginal
B) Bicultural
C) Assimilated
D) Pan-traditional

Question 46

The occupation of Alcatraz island in 1969 was a(n) __________.

A) effort by American Indians to overthrow the U.S. government
B) protest designed to draw attention to the concerns of American Indians
C) attempt by the United States government to make amends for treaty violations with American Indians
D) international peace effort by indigenous peoples from many different countries

Question 47

The 1973 Wounded Knee incident illustrates which minority-response pattern?

A) Annihilation
B) Defiance
C) Deviance
D) Avoidance

Question 48

Barry sees the major problem with white and native relations to be a lack of understanding about the complexity and sophistication of the American Indian social system. Although they are markedly different from one another each system has well-defined institutions and social roles. Barry is a __________.

A) functionalist
B) conflict theorist
C) interactionist
D) feminist

Question 49

Tyreke found that Lieberson's power theory really resonated with the way he understood American Indian-white relations. He thinks that the quest for and exercise of power shaped these relations more than anything else because he is a __________.

A) functionalist
B) conflict theorist
C) interactionist
D) feminist

Question 50

Sally, a __________ theorist, points to the high rates of inter-ethnic violence that results in massive victimization rates for American Indians as evidence of a labeling and dehumanization process.

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) interactionist
D) feminist

Question 51

Although he admired the Native Americans, Columbus essentially saw them as potential servants.

Question 52

Stabilization of European settlements typically led to less strained relations with Native Americans.

Question 53

Native American children grow up under the encouragement and discipline of the extended family, not just the nuclear family.

Question 54

Native Americans first learned about scalping from white settlers.

Question 55

The median age at death of Aborigines in Australia is 53.

Question 56

After 1933, Franklin Roosevelt's administration shifted from a policy of forced assimilation to one of pluralism.

Question 57

The Indian Removal Act recommended that all Native Americans in the northwestern states be relocated to the southeastern states.

Question 58

Although fewer than 500 of 17,000 Cherokee signed, the 1836 treaty was ratified by the U.S. Senate.

Question 59

No research to date has proved Native Americans to be different from other people regarding the physiology of alcohol metabolism.

Question 60

Native Americans who leave their reservations and move to urban areas tend to be more successful than their peers who remain on the reservations.

Question 61

__________ recognizes 565 different tribal entities in the United States.

Question 62

Hawaii's history dates back to 700 BCE with migration of __________ from the __________.

Question 63

The primary means of social control in Native American culture are __________ and __________.

Question 64

According to the text, a __________ but not__________ relationship existed between the sexes in Native American culture.

Question 65

Native American silence is a precautionary device to preserve __________ and __________ on both sides of a negotiation.

Question 66

__________ were the first inhabitants of Australia.

Question 67

The __________ in 1924 granted U.S. citizenship to Native Americans.

Question 68

Warfare against the Seminole cost the U.S. Army more than __________ soldiers and __________dollars before the army gave up.

Question 69

Senator Dawes hoped the General Allotment Act would engender a spirit of __________ in Native Americans.

Question 70

Population change for Native Americans show that they are far from being the "__________ American" some observers once claimed.

Question 71

Explain how the Native Americans' view of nature differed from that of the white settlers.

Question 72

What types of policies were employed in the mid-19th century by the U.S. government as it promoted westward expansion?

Question 73

Which Native American tribal coalition earned the name "Greeks in America" from romanticists? What features garnered this name?

Question 74

Explain how the Seminole resisted expulsion from Florida after the Indian Removal Act.

Question 75

What was the significance of the Wounded Knee standoff?

Question 76

Discuss why Indian-white relations deteriorated from the peaceful early encounters. Use sociological theories to help you craft a rationale.

Question 77

Discuss the social structure and child-rearing practices among many Indian tribes. How does this differ from European child-rearing practices?

Question 78

Discuss the past federal programs, intended to promote assimilation, which further devastated the Indians.

Question 79

What are the present living conditions on most reservations, including the state of their natural resources?

Question 80

Apply the three major sociological perspectives to the experiences of Native Americans.