Deck 4: Intergroup Relations

Question 1

Which affects responses to prejudice and discrimination?

A) Personality characteristics
B) Sociological training
C) Mental capacity
D) Religious beliefs

Answer 1

Personality characteristics

Question 2

A common reason for defiance as a minority response is __________.

A) the elimination of discrimination
B) the overthrow of the government
C) different cultural norms
D) juvenile delinquency

Answer 2

the elimination of discrimination

Question 3

Accepting a subordinate position in society may result from __________.

A) social conditioning
B) being a numerical majority
C) religious instruction
D) a lack of intelligence

Answer 3

social conditioning

Question 4

Which factor promotes ethnic group identity?

A) Ethnic-minority media
B) A fractured community
C) The loss of religion
D) Assimilation

Question 5

People of color typically affirm their identity and heritage by __________.

A) combating their stereotypes
B) avoiding teaching children about a distinct racial history
C) adopting slogans
D) participating in reverse racism

Question 6

Deviance among minority-group members is __________.

A) usually widespread
B) usually due to their behavioral characteristics
C) often due to poverty and lack of opportunity
D) more often due to racial, not ethnic, differences

Question 7

__________ is an example of defiance.

A) A belief in polytheism
B) Educational achievement
C) Sit-in demonstration
D) Pursuing a high paying career

Question 8

To satisfy the human need for a sense of belonging, non-white ethnics typically develop a(n)__________.

A) racial-group identity
B) racial majority
C) intergroup bonding
D) fear of pluralism

Question 9

Defiant actions are __________.

A) always violent
B) always done with the public interest in mind
C) illegal
D) sometimes peaceful

Question 10

Acceptance maintains the superior position of the dominant group, the subordinate position of the minority group and __________.

A) diminishes conflict between the two groups
B) the attention of law enforcement
C) makes everyday life more difficult
D) eases the passage of the next group of minorities into mainstream society

Question 11

Living, working, and relaxing within the ethnic community illustrates __________.

A) acceptance
B) avoidance
C) defiance
D) deviance

Question 12

Deliberately breaking a discriminatory law illustrates __________.

A) acceptance
B) avoidance
C) defiance
D) deviance

Question 13

Another term for cumulative causation is __________.

A) marginality
B) negative self-image
C) paternalism
D) vicious circle

Question 14

Calling Jews "clannish" when they went to their own resorts after being denied access to public resorts illustrates __________.

A) marginality
B) a negative self-image
C) paternalism
D) the vicious circle phenomenon

Question 15

Middleman minorities are __________.

A) members of a racial group other than the dominant group
B) sometimes temporarily stationed in that role
C) rare in contemporary society
D) always in that role for the long term

Question 16

Shaniqua has a negative self-image because she is a member of a minority group. As a result, she __________.

A) tries to dress like the dominant group and blend in
B) tries to start fights with the dominant group
C) challenges laws that discriminate against her minority group
D) only maintains relationships with other minorities

Question 17

When minorities move out of their neighborhood but still feel outside the societal mainstream, this is an example of __________.

A) avoidance
B) marginality
C) negative self-image
D) vicious circle

Question 18

Tommy has made progress toward fitting in with the dominant group but he hasn't completely broken away from his minority group. More likely than not Tommy is bound to feel __________.

A) silly
B) accepted
C) marginalized
D) committed

Question 19

Manny is a Korean American who owns and operates a grocery store in a major city, typifying the concept of __________.

A) gentrification
B) marginality
C) middleman minorities
D) social segregation

Question 20

Preventing others from participating in social, fraternal, service, and other types of activities is known as __________ segregation.

A) spatial
B) social
C) de jure
D) de facto

Question 21

Expulsion __________.

A) is an effort to remove a problem rather than resolve it
B) has never been practiced in the United States
C) has not occurred since the nineteenth century
D) is currently proposed in Congress for Native Americans

Question 22

The increase of hate groups in the 2000's is driven by __________.

A) a weakened U.S. economy
B) public funding
C) immigration and economic issues
D) new biological research

Question 23

The Intelligence Project identifies __________ as a hate group.

A) the NAACP
B) Methodists
C) the Nation of Islam
D) Focus on the Family

Question 24

The greatest number of U.S. hate crimes result from __________ bias.

A) ethnic
B) racial
C) religious
D) sexual-orientation

Question 25

In terms of the motivation for hate-crime incidents in 2011, __________.

A) anti-white motivation was higher than anti-black motivation
B) anti-Jewish motivation was higher than any other ethnic bias motivations
C) anti-male homosexual motivation was lower than anti-female homosexual motivation
D) anti-abortion motivation topped the list

Question 26

Annihilation __________.

A) has often been practiced in both ancient and modern times
B) is always unintended
C) by definition must be a deliberate and systematic action
D) is a relatively recent phenomenon

Question 27

__________a legislative effort to control a minority.

A) Immigration quota laws are
B) The Voting Rights Act is
C) Jim Crow Laws were
D) The requirement of a passport for international travel is

Question 28

Chinatown would be an example of __________.

A) spatial segregation
B) social segregation
C) language segregation
D) religious segregation

Question 29

Julie has been afraid of all Middle Easterners ever since 9/11. This is an example of __________.

A) expulsion
B) xenophobia
C) immigrant anarchy
D) politico-economic independence

Question 30

Split labor market theory holds that __________.

A) ethnic antagonism is specifically produced by the competition from a wage differential
B) an oversupply of equal-priced labor produces antagonism
C) hiring practices usually fall along ethnic lines
D) conflict is rarely tied to wages

Question 31

The most useful theories for explaining exploitation are __________ theories.

A) macro level functionalist
B) micro level symbolic interactionist
C) middle range conflict
D) meso range feminist

Question 32

__________ helps to explain the ethnic antagonism in the workplace.

A) Functional theory
B) Conflict theory
C) Internationalist theory
D) Split or dual labor theory

Question 33

Majority paternalism refers to __________.

A) promoting a racial hierarchy to cultivate majority group loyalty
B) cultivating minority-group loyalty through jobs, home loans, or funds for community projects to encourage company unions
C) anti-immigration sentiments
D) the underground economy

Question 34

__________ is one of the factors that lowers the price of labor.

A) Exploitation by fellow employees
B) Competition between two or more groups of laborers
C) Limited language skills and customs
D) Lack of housing

Question 35

When a labor market splits along ethnic lines, __________.

A) religious stereotyping becomes a key factor in the labor conflict
B) prejudice, ethnic antagonism, and racism become covert
C) it fuels anti-immigration sentiments
D) it leads to a more pluralistic society

Question 36

With regards to exploitation __________.

A) perpetrators are typically from the same group as victims
B) members of dominant groups exploit minority groups
C) perpetrators rarely benefit at the expense of victims of exploitation
D) there is an equal amount between minority and dominant groups

Question 37

When a labor market splits along ethnic lines, employers __________.

A) are passive observers of this clash between them
B) control the lower wages offered to the minority workers
C) actively manipulate the situation to keep the groups integrated
D) will often bring in mediators to resolve the situation

Question 38

How might labor groups respond in a labor market split along ethnic lines?

A) Racial and ethnic profiling become key factors in labor conflict.
B) Workers may create a system of occupational integration.
C) Workers from a multi-ethnic coalition may align with the employers.
D) Inclusive unions might form to harness the power of disparate minority groups.

Question 39

How can employers persuade a group to work for a lower price?

A) By hiring groups whose initial standard of living is low.
B) By using the law to support labor protests.
C) By tempting another group coming from a more favorable economic resource position.
D) By working with local officials to promote an equitable work environment.

Question 40

Intergroup conflicts __________.

A) also happen between minority groups
B) only happen between dominant and minority groups
C) don't happen in the same groups
D) are typically religious issues

Question 41

__________ is a cause of conflict between minority groups.

A) Having power equally distributed
B) Not having to compete for jobs
C) Seeing the other as gaining an unfair advantage
D) One group's moving out of a neighborhood

Question 42

__________ affects the conflict between black and Hispanic Americans.

A) Hispanic Americans' focus on family life
B) The decreasing numbers of Hispanic newcomers generating competition for resources
C) The lack of direct knowledge or interaction with one another
D) Cultural and language similarities

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of Anglo-Conformity?

A) In the early 19th century, many U.S. citizens wanted to emphasize their English origins and influences.
B) The curtailing of non-Anglo-Saxon immigrants.
C) Using schools to socialize all children into Anglo-Saxon culture.
D) Promoting the United States as a multicultural society.

Question 44

__________ is a type of assimilation suggested by Gordon.

A) Push assimilation
B) Institutional assimilation
C) Marital assimilation
D) Pull assimilation

Question 45

Assimilation (majority-conformity) theory belongs to the __________.

A) conflict theory tradition
B) functionalist theory tradition
C) social interactionist theory tradition
D) feminist theorists

Question 46

__________ assimilation involves an impersonal public sphere of social interaction.

A) Secondary structural
B) Primary structural
C) Secondary institutional
D) Primary institutional

Question 47

__________ is the formula for explaining the amalgamation (melting-pot) theory.

A) A+B+C=A
B) A+B+C=A+B+C
C) A+B+C=D
D) A=B

Question 48

The accommodation (pluralistic) theory __________.

A) suggests that only in the institution of religion did minority groups alter the national culture
B) recognizes the persistence of racial diversity
C) offers a psychological analogy to describe how the absorption of various cultural components produces assimilation
D) is basically the same as dual-labor market theory

Question 49

Hector believes that race and ethnicity shouldn't matter because we are all Americans and we've created our own unique culture that all immigrants should participate in. He is a proponent of __________ theory.

A) amalgamation
B) assimilation
C) anglo-conformity
D) pluralistic

Question 50

__________ theory addresses how ethnic immigrant groups fit into U.S. society.

A) Assimilation
B) Feminist
C) Human capital
D) Social capital

Question 51

Acceptance as a minority response is less common in the United States than it once was.

Question 52

Everyday ethnicity eventually yields to assimilation over the generations.

Question 53

Deviant behavior among minority groups occurs because of race or ethnicity.

Question 54

Defiance is violent and spontaneous.

Question 55

A group that is denied the ability to fully participate in mainstream society, such as African slaves in the U.S., will typically forge their own identity.

Question 56

Members of a dominant group may react to minority peoples with hostility, indifference, welcoming tolerance, or condescension.

Question 57

Segregation, whether spatial or social, may be voluntary or involuntary.

Question 58

The genesis of the practice of annihilation -- killing all the men, women, and children of a particular group -- goes back to ancient times.

Question 59

When a labor market splits along ethnic lines, racial and ethnic stereotyping is a key factor in labor conflict.

Question 60

Mainstream Americans often tolerate pluralism only as a short-term phenomenon, believing that sustained pluralism is the enemy of assimilation, a threat to the cohesiveness of U.S. society.

Question 61

In attempting to enter the mainstream of society, the __________ person internalizes the dominant group's cultural patterns without having gained full acceptance.

Question 62

__________ is the undue fear of or contempt for strangers or foreigners.

Question 63

The Nazi extermination of more than 6 million Jews was an example of __________.

Question 64

Middle-range conflict theories are often helpful in understanding specific forms of __________, such as the internal-colonialism theory.

Question 65

Marital assimilation and __________ assimilation best reveal the extent of acceptance of minority groups in the larger society.

Question 66

__________ typically involves the more impersonal public sphere of social interaction. Examples are a nondiscriminatory sharing by dominant- and minority-group members of settings such as those in civic, recreational, school, or work environments.

Question 67

The __________ theory states that all the diverse peoples blend their biological and cultural differences into an altogether new breed- the American .

Question 68

The __________ recognizes the persistence of racial and ethnic diversity, as in Canada, where the government has adopted multiculturalism as official policy.

Question 69

__________ means two or more culturally distinct groups living in the same society in relative harmony.

Question 70

When distinct groups live near each other in relative harmony with their own customs, it is known as __________.

Question 71

Explain defiance. How do ethnic groups use this tactic?

Question 72

Explain how minority groups use avoidance in ethnic relations.

Question 73

Explain how "negative self image" works among minorities. What are the effects of "negative self-image?" Use examples.

Question 74

Explain the labeling theory in ethnic relations. What is an example of an ethnic label? Who has the ability to label?

Question 75

What is the underground economy? How is it related to racial and ethnic inequality? What part of the labor market does it make up?

Question 76

How can group identity have both positive and negative aspects? Use examples.

Question 77

How is the duration of an ethnic group identity established? What can be done to decrease the duration?

Question 78

Explain what is meant by "middleman minorities" and give an example.

Question 79

Explain the two types of segregation and give an example of each.

Question 80

Explain split-labor-market theory as it applies to ethnic groups. Use your theories to explain what could be done to avoid this situation.