Deck 2: Who and How Many Stutter

Question 1

Which of the following appears to be most influential on changes that occur over time In the gender distribution in the stuttering population from 2:1 to approximately 4:1 male-to-female ratio:

A) the percent of natural recovery among girls is larger than for boys
B) boys are physically stronger than girls
C) gender differences in various fine motor control
D) gender differences in phonology and language skills

Answer 1

the percent of natural recovery among girls is larger than for boys

Question 2

Data on the occurrence of stuttering across the lifespan indicate that:

A) whereas the incidence of stuttering increases with age, its prevalence remains constant
B) the incidence of the disorder is about 1% while its prevalence is about 5% or higher
C) the prevalence of the disorder is about 1% while its incidence is about 5% or higher
D) the prevalence and the incidence are basically equal

Answer 2

the prevalence of the disorder is about 1% while its incidence is about 5% or higher

Question 3

Which is not true about the incidence of stuttering in various groups?

A) it may be somewhat lower in cultures reported to have little concern about speaking abilities
B) it is higher than the average among some groups of mentally disabled persons
C) it is lower than the average in the hearing-impaired population
D) It is very low in the lowest social-economic strata (layer).

Answer 3

It is very low in the lowest social-economic strata (layer).

Question 4

Data on the prevalence of stuttering in African American and European American preschool children (Proctor et.al. 2008) showed that

A) there was a greater prevalence of stuttering among European American children than African American children.
B) there was a greater prevalence of stuttering among African American children than European American children.
C) there was a greater prevalence of stuttering among African American girls than African American boys
D) there was no difference in the prevalence of stuttering between African American children and European American children.

Question 5

The general tendency for the gender ratio (males to females) in the stuttering population indicates it:

A) increases with age,
B) increases and then decreases with age
C) decreases and then increases with age
D) remains constant throughout the age range

Question 6

The prevalence of stuttering in the population at large is:

A) three to five percent
B) two percent
C) one percent
D) six to eight percent

Question 7

Which factor is likely to have the most influence on stuttering prevalence data in a population of college students?

A) gender
B) cultural background
C) I.Q. scores
D) age.

Question 8

The findings (Dalston, 1982) that stuttering incidence is higher in children with orofacial abnormalities than in the general population serve to prove that:

A) stuttering is an organically based disorder
B) stuttering is a disorder of speech production
C) stuttering is, in part, influenced by the acoustic (resonance) characteristics of speech
D) none of the above answers is true because the incidence of stuttering in this group is lower than that in the general population.

Question 9

Research on the prevalence of stuttering in the hearing impaired school age population (Montgomery & Fitch, 1988), has shown that:

A) the prevalence is about 1/20 of one percent with most of the cases exhibiting stuttering in their manual communication,
B) the prevalence is about 1/20 of one percent with most of the cases exhibiting stuttering in their oral communication,
C) the prevalence is about 1/20 of one percent with most of the cases exhibiting stuttering in both their manual and oral communication,
D) the hearing impaired population does not exhibit stuttering.

Question 10

Most of the available data, especially from recent research, suggest that stuttering:

A) is more prevalent among monolinguals than among bilingual speakers
B) is as prevalent among monolinguals than among bilingual speakers.
C) is more prevalent among bilinguals than among monolingual speakers
D) never occurs in bilingual speakers.

Question 11

Which of the following age groups is expected to exhibit the lowest incidence of stuttering:

A) 12 to 24 months
B) 25 to 40 months
C) 48 to 60 months
D) 63 to 77 months

Question 12

Which of the geographical areas has, by far, the lowest incidence of stuttering:

A) South America
B) North Africa
C) East Europe
D) None of the above

Question 13

If a group of 100 individuals reveals a 20% lifetime incidence, they are most likely:

A) adults enrolled in stuttering therapy
B) all members of a single large family
C) preschooler boys
D) epileptic parents

Question 14

The incidence of stuttering among deaf persons appears to be considerably higher than the incidence in the general population because they have greater difficulties monitoring and controlling their speech.

Question 15

In terms of exhibiting stuttering, dizygotic twins will be more similar than monozygotic twins.

Question 16

Data concerning the distribution of stuttering in families of people who stutter would seem to suggest that stuttering runs in families due to genetic factors.

Question 17

Stuttering can affect one or both languages in bilingual individuals.

Question 18

A child identified as a persistent stutterer is likely to have other persistent stutterers in his/her family.

Question 19

21^s century studies have tended to report higher stuttering incidence than was reported in the past, with central figures 8% or higher.

Question 20

The large difference between incidence and prevalence of stuttering is best explained as the result of differences in experimental procedures.

Question 21

Longitudinal investigations are best suited for prevalence studies whereas large single surveys are best suited for incidence studies of stuttering.

Question 22

What is the significance and what are the implications of data regarding incidence and prevalence to research and theory of stuttering? Explain and discuss.

Question 23

What is the significance and implications of data regarding incidence and prevalence of stuttering to clinical practice considerations? Explain and discuss.

Question 24

List two major approaches to the study of the prevalence of stuttering. Explain each one. What are the weaknesses involved?

Question 25

What research methods can be used to study the life-time incidence of stuttering? What problems are involved?

Question 26

For many years, China has had a policy of only one child per family. Considering cultural factors, in what ways may this policy influence the incidence and prevalence of stuttering?