Deck 5: Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

A nurse is examining a patient's Skene's glands.What action is best to visualize these structures?

A) Place a gloved finger in the rectum.
B) Place a gloved finger in the vagina.
C) Pull the urethral margins apart.
D) Use a speculum and a bright light.

Answer 1

Pull the urethral margins apart.

Question 2

A 17-year-old female is brought to the family practice clinic by her mother,who is worried that her daughter has not yet developed secondary sex characteristics.Which action by the nurse is best?

A) Assess a family pedigree for genetic influences.
B) Explain that some girls don't develop until their 20s.
C) Inform them that the daughter will be tested for estrogen deficiency.
D) Obtain a urine sample for a pregnancy test.

Answer 2

Inform them that the daughter will be tested for estrogen deficiency.

Question 3

A patient in the emergency department has a positive serum hCG.What can the nurse surmise about this patient?

A) Lactating
B) Menopausal
C) Menstruating
D) Pregnant

Answer 3

Pregnant

Question 4

A patient inquires why ibuprofen (Motrin)and not acetaminophen (Tylenol)is usually prescribed for menstrual discomfort.Which response by the nurse is best?

A) Cheaper than Tylenol
B) Fewer side effects
C) Inhibits prostaglandins
D) Works more quickly

Question 5

A woman sustained a moderate blow to the lower pelvic region in an occupational accident.She is surprised to find out that no bones were broken.What explanation by the nurse is best?

A) "Blunt force trauma doesn't cause fractures."
B) "Pelvic bones are very hard to fracture."
C) "Some fractures don't show up right away."
D) "You have a fat pad in front of your pelvis."

Question 6

A woman who might be pregnant is excited to learn when she will know the gender of the baby.What is the best response by the nurse?

A) 5 weeks
B) 6 weeks
C) 8 weeks
D) 12 weeks

Question 7

The perinatal nurse explains to the new nurse that the maternal pelvic shape can determine the fetal presentation.A fetus in a transverse presentation may be due to which maternal pelvic type?

A) Android
B) Anthropoid
C) Gynecoid
D) Platypelloid

Question 8

The nurse explains to the student that the development of the lining of the uterus is mediated by which hormone?

A) Follicle-stimulating hormone
B) Luteinizing hormone
C) Progesterone
D) Prostaglandin

Question 9

A new nurse is attempting to catheterize a female patient.The nurse has a difficult time and after three attempts,finally inserts the catheter into the bladder and has urine output.What suggestion by the more experienced nurse is best?

A) "Leave the incorrectly placed catheters where they are while inserting a fresh one."
B) "Place the patient in a high Fowler's position and have another nurse adduct the legs."
C) "Position the patient prone with another nurse abducting the patient's legs."
D) "To save the patient some charges, use the same catheter for two attempts."

Question 10

A nursing instructor is planning to teach students about the process of oogenesis.Which information does the nurse plan to include?

A) All polar bodies in the ovary become ova.
B) It is regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
C) The graafian follicle eventually secretes prolactin.
D) It usually occurs in a twice-monthly cycle.

Question 11

The perinatal nurse reads in a chart that a woman has a lesion on her perineum.Where would the nurse assess this lesion?

A) Greater vestibular or vulvovaginal glands
B) Skin-covered region between the vagina and the anus
C) Small portion of tissue around the anus
D) Small portion of tissue surrounding the vaginal opening

Question 12

The perinatal nurse knows that the lowest portion of the true pelvis is which of the following anatomical landmarks ?

A) Pelvic outlet
B) Linea terminalis
C) Sacral promontory
D) Sacrum

Question 13

The pediatric nurse explains to the student that production of testosterone by the male embryo causes what to occur?

A) Creation of a gonad
B) Formation of the male genital tract
C) Production of spermatozoa
D) Stimulation of external genitalia growth

Question 14

The clinic nurse explains to a student that the hormone responsible for limiting the maternal immune response to pregnancy is which of the following?

A) Human chorionic gonadotropin
B) Progesterone
C) Prostaglandin
D) Relaxin

Question 15

The clinic nurse knows that the part of the uterine cycle that occurs during the period of time between ovulation and the onset of menses is known as which of the following?

A) Ischemic phase
B) Menstrual phase
C) Proliferative phase
D) Secretory phase

Question 16

The nursing instructor explains to the students that external female genitalia develop under what influence?

A) Absence of androgens
B) Ductal pair dominance
C) Ovary production
D) Process of oogonia

Question 17

A pregnant woman has a midpelvis pelvimetry measurement of 3.8 inches (9.65 cm).What action by the labor and delivery nurse is most important?

A) Encourage attendance at childbirth classes.
B) Explain that vaginal birth will be possible.
C) Instruct her to drink 10 glasses of water daily.
D) Obtain consent for possible cesarean delivery.

Question 18

A woman is having an infertility workup and has been told she has scarring of her fallopian tubes.What action by the nurse is best?

A) Ask the woman how many sexually transmitted infections she has had.
B) Assess the woman for previous vaginal infections and their treatment.
C) Gently tell the woman that nothing can be done about scarring of the tubes.
D) Question the woman about genetic defects or family history of infertility.

Question 19

The nurse manager on the high-risk OB unit has been told by an OB office nurse to prepare for a woman with a spinal cord injury (SCI)to deliver there.The woman wants to try a vaginal birth.What response by the nurse manager is best?

A) Assess the level of the woman's spinal cord injury.
B) Assure the office nurse that vaginal birth is possible.
C) Explain that women with SCI do well with a water birth.
D) Tell the office nurse that vaginal birth is impossible.

Question 20

A pregnant woman calls the OB clinic nurse to complain of sharp abdominal pain with coughing or sneezing.What action by the nurse is best?

A) Explain that the pain is from stretching of the ligaments.
B) Have the woman count her contractions each hour while awake.
C) Place the woman on bedrest until her next clinic visit.
D) Tell the woman to come to the clinic today.

Question 21

A healthy-appearing 68-year-old woman is in the clinic for a physical exam.Her laboratory work shows decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)cholesterol and increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)cholesterol.What conclusion can the nurse make about this patient?

A) Eats an unhealthy diet
B) At risk for long-bone fractures
C) Increased cardiovascular risk
D) Probably does not exercise

Question 22

The nursing instructor explains to a class that important effects of estrogen in the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle include which of the following?

A) Causes uterine spiral arteries to constrict, limiting blood flow
B) Causes changes in cervical mucus to facilitate sperm penetration
C) Leads to changes causing the uterus to be receptive to a fertilized ovum
D) Results in rupture of endometrial blood vessels and the onset of menses

Question 23

The nurse teaches a class that which of the following is the first gender change to occur in the embryo?

A) Destruction of the "Y" chromosome in the female embryo
B) Development of dominance in the primitive duct structure
C) Formation of primitive external genitalia that are visible on ultrasound
D) Spermatogenesis and oogenesis in male and female embryos, respectively

Question 24

A nurse is teaching a patient how to track her menstrual cycle.What day does the nurse tell the patient to label as day 1?

A) First day after the menstrual cycle
B) First day of the menstrual cycle
C) Last day before the menstrual cycle
D) Last day of the menstrual cycle

Question 25

The nurse knows that in any volume of ejaculate,what percentage of sperm is motile?

A) 25%
B) 35%
C) 40%
D) 50%

Question 26

In providing anticipatory guidance to a 12-year-old female who has developed breast buds,what information should the nurse provide?

A) Breast self-exam is now important.
B) First period will occur in 6 months.
C) Growth of pubic hair will occur next.
D) Maximum height has been obtained.

Question 27

A nurse reads in a female patient's chart that she is Tanner stage V.What can the nurse conclude about this patient?

A) Beginning puberty
B) Midpoint of puberty
C) Sexually immature
D) Sexually mature

Question 28

A woman in the clinic complains of severe hot flashes associated with perimenopause.Her past medical history includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT)10 years ago.The nurse can anticipate teaching the woman about what treatment?

A) A trial of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
B) A trial of the anticonvulsant phenytoin (Dilantin)
C) Hormone replacement with estrogen only
D) Hormone replacement with estrogen-progestin

Question 29

A 14-year-old girl asks the school nurse why her periods are so irregular.What is the best response by the nurse?

A) "All young girls have irregular periods."
B) "Don't worry; this is totally normal."
C) "Estrogen levels are still pretty low."
D) "You should be seen by your physician."

Question 30

A woman complains of irregular menstrual periods and wonders if she is in perimenopause or menopause.Her laboratory work shows high levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)and low levels of estradiol.What response by the nurse is best?

A) "No, in menopause the FSH is low and the estradiol is high."
B) "No, those two laboratory findings are not related to the climacteric phase."
C) "These laboratory findings usually indicate menopause or perimenopause."
D) "Yes you are definitely in menopause right now."

Question 31

A nurse has taught a woman about the physical signs that accompany ovulation.Which statement by the patient indicates that teaching has been effective?

A) "I can still conceive for up to 48 hours after ovulation."
B) "My temperature will go down after ovulation."
C) "Thin, watery cervical mucus means I am no longer fertile."
D) "Sticky cervical mucus helps hold the sperm in place on the egg."

Question 32

A woman is in the family planning clinic to learn about her cycle and the best times to get pregnant.What information should the nurse plan to teach her?

A) An ovum can be fertilized for 12 to 24 hours after ovulation.
B) Pregnancy can only occur during the follicular phase.
C) There are no physiological signs that demonstrate ovulation.
D) You can't easily get pregnant if your cycles are irregular.

Question 33

A nurse is teaching a class about gender maturation.What information is most accurate?

A) Gender is determined by 8 weeks of gestation, when sex organs are visible.
B) Gender maturity is not fully complete until old age.
C) It is a lengthy process that spans from the embryonic stage through puberty.
D) The process begins and ends during fetal development.

Question 34

A nurse working with a couple in the infertility clinic notes the diagnosis of cryptorchidism on the man's chart.What assessment question by the nurse is most important?

A) "Did you have surgery for your undescended testes?"
B) "Do you have a family history of testicular cancer?"
C) "Do you use lead shielding when you get x-rays?"
D) "For how long did you undergo chemotherapy?"

Question 35

The nurse teaching a course in human reproduction informs the class that which reproductive structure is the first to form in the embryo?

A) Gonad
B) Mesoderm
C) Mesonephric duct
D) Oocyte

Question 36

A nurse is teaching a group of middle school students about the functions of the male reproductive tract.Which information should the nurse include?

A) Maturing sperm are stored in the epididymis.
B) Seminal fluid is secreted by the ductus deferens.
C) Spermatogenesis occurs in the bulbourethral glands.
D) The prostate, found only in men, has no known function.

Question 37

A family practice nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to an 11-year-old boy.What information about puberty should the nurse plan to include?

A) Boys start puberty about 2 years earlier than girls.
B) Circulating estrogen may cause breast enlargement.
C) Testosterone production is the last stage of puberty.
D) The first sign of puberty is testicular enlargement.

Question 38

A woman who is postmenopausal is in the clinic complaining of urinary incontinence and wants to know why this is occurring.Otherwise she has no other complaints.What response by the nurse is best?

A) "I'm not sure; let's ask the physician why this could occur."
B) "Low estrogen levels after menopause causes the urinary tissues to atrophy."
C) "Most older women experience some incontinence."
D) "You may have a urinary tract infection or other medical problem."

Question 39

A mother brings her 9-year-old daughter to the family practice clinic.She is worried because the daughter already has definite breast buds and is asking to wear a bra.What response by the nurse is best?

A) "At what age did you develop breast buds or start menstruating?"
B) "Does anyone in your family have a history of precocious development?"
C) "The average age for breast budding is 9.8 years, so she is normal."
D) "This is too early for breast buds; she may need endocrine studies."

Question 40

A nurse working in the infertility clinic counsels a couple about male fertility.What assessment question to a male by the nurse would yield the most important information?

A) "Do you get plenty of exercise?"
B) "Do you wear boxer shorts or briefs?"
C) "How much alcohol do you drink?"
D) "Have you been circumcised yet?"

Question 41

The perinatal nurse understands that the functions of the vagina include which of the following?

A) Manufactures a cervical plug during pregnancy
B) Produces lubrication for intercourse
C) Provides a receptacle for sperm
D) Serves as a lower portion of the birth canal
E) Stimulates the penis during intercourse

Question 44

The nurse understands that the genetic possibility of a woman having a male or a female child is based on the single sex chromosome provided by each parent (mother is XX, father is XY, and each contributes one chromosome). Fill in the boxes below with the possibilities based on the single chromosome that is contributed by each parent in these four possible combinations. For the purpose of this exercise, the mother's chromosomes are designated X(m1) and X(m2), and the father's are designated X(f) and Y(f). The result of any XX chromosome pair yields a girl, and XY a boy.
1. Mother’s sex chromosome _____
Father’s sex chromosome _____
Child is a _____________
2. Mother’s sex chromosome _____
Father’s sex chromosome _____
Child is a _____________
3. Mother’s sex chromosome _____
Father’s sex chromosome _____
Child is a _____________
4. Mother’s sex chromosome _____
Father’s sex chromosome _____
Child is a _____________

Question 45

The OB nurse knows the menstrual cycle is controlled by the complex interplay of hormones that are secreted by which physiological structures?

A) Anterior pituitary
B) Cerebral cortex
C) Hypothalamus
D) Ovaries
E) Posterior pituitary

Question 46

The perinatal nurse mentor teaches the new nurse about the functions of cervical mucus.What information should the nurse include?

A) Provides an acidic environment for sperm
B) Acts as a bacteriostatic agent
C) Provides a barrier to sperm during nonfertile phases
D) Provides an easy-flowing pathway during fertile phases
E) Forms an operculum to protect the pregnancy

Question 47

A nurse is planning an educational program for middle school boys focused on physical changes they can expect with puberty.Which topics should the nurse plan to include?

A) Changes in patterns of hair
B) Deepening of the voice
C) Growth spurt
D) Narrowing waist
E) Thinning skin

Question 48

What information does the nurse understand about the labia minora?

A) Contain the Skene's glands and Bartholin's glands
B) Constitute the primary organ of sexual pleasure in women
C) Provide lubrication and protective bacteriocidal secretions
D) Resemble mucous membrane and do not have hair follicles
E) Share an extensive lymphatic network with other vulvar structures

Question 49

Match the pelvic types with their descriptions.Pelvic types may be used more than once.
_____ Best suited for childbirth
_____ Fetal descent more likely to be in a posterior presentation
_____Fetal descent is often in a transverse presentation
_____ Triangular or heart-shaped
_____ Only found in 3% of women
_____ Traditional form found in about 50% of women
_____Oval shaped at the inlet but in the anterior-posterior plane
_____ Characteristics cause difficulty during fetal descent

A) Gynecoid
B) Android
C) Anthropoid
D) Platypelloid
E)None of above

Question 50

A teenager is asking questions about her hymen.Which of the following are correct responses by the nurse?

A) An intact hymen is a positive indication of virginity.
B) Bright red bleeding is always present following hymenal tearing.
C) The hymen can widen or perforate with tampon use, vulvar injury, or intercourse.
D) It is a small portion of tissue around the vaginal opening in young girls.
E) It will widen and perforate only with intercourse.

Question 51

A nurse is planning an educational seminar focused on changes associated with perimenopause and postmenopause.Which topics should the nurse plan to include?

A) Eating foods high in calcium
B) Getting plenty of rest and sleep
C) Keeping the room cool at night
D) Need for increased antiperspirant
E) Using vaginal lubricants

Question 52

Match the hormones and their functions.

1. ____ Controls the development and function of the adrenal cortex
2. _____ Stimulates the maturation of the mammary glands during pregnancy
3. _____ Regulates thyroid hormones
4. _____ Also known as growth hormone–inhibiting hormone; inhibits the release of growth hormone
5. Among other things, it is responsible for developing muscle mass and protein synthesis
6. _____ Appears to provide a protective action by minimizing a maternal immunological rejection that could cause miscarriage
7. _____ Stimulates the release of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary
8. _____ Stimulates uterine contractions and the release of milk from milk ducts during lactation

A) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
B) Somatostatin
C) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
D) Oxytocin
E) Prolactin
F) Corticotropin-releasing hormone
G) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
H) Growth hormone

Question 53

A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a group of elementary school girls and their parents.What information is most accurate?

A) "Around age 10, girls will get interested in shaving their underarms."
B) "By age 12, both boys and girls are at their maximal height."
C) "Moms, you should buy feminine supplies for your daughter before she is 14."
D) "You won't need to worry about bras until at least age 14."