Deck 13: The Adjustment Domain

Question 1

Alex has just moved away from home to start college across the country. She has had to make several changes in her everyday life as a result of this transition. The changes Alex has made and will continue to make as she begins college life can be referred to as

A) acculturation.
B) distraction.
C) adjustment.
D) hardiness.

Answer 1

adjustment.

Question 2

An individual's general ability to withstand difficult conditions is called

A) optimism.
B) hardiness.
C) pessimism.
D) sensitization.

Answer 2

hardiness.

Question 3

Loenel Tiger argued that optimism is an evolutionary useful feature, mostly because of its role in coping: It allows human beings to do all of the following except

A) manage their anxiety.
B) cope with significant problems and crises.
C) manage procrastination.
D) counteract their fears.

Answer 3

manage procrastination.

Question 4

Relatively significant changes in an individual's behavior and experiences in response to external and internal challenges are known as

A) adjustment.
B) coping.
C) optimism.
D) stress tolerance.

Question 5

A generally stable belief that positive outcomes will occur is characteristic of

A) stress tolerance.
B) pessimism.
C) dispositional optimism.
D) acculturation.

Question 6

What are the top three stressors in the United States?

A) problems with money, problems with health, and college responsibilities
B) problems with money, problems with work, and family responsibilities
C) problems with health, problems with friends, and family responsibilities
D) problems with life styles, problems with work, and adult responsibilities

Question 7

A deliberate and conscious effort to adjust to challenges, changing situations, and new conditions is known as

A) denial.
B) adjustment.
C) stress.
D) coping.

Question 8

Psychologists have shown that human perception tends to be marked by three positive illusions, which are mild and positive distortions of reality. Which of the following are NOT considered positive illusions?

A) an exaggerated perception of personal control
B) self-enhancement
C) unrealistic optimism
D) flexibility

Question 9

John's parents just divorced and moved into separate homes. John has been having a difficult time with the stress of the divorce. His mother has noticed that he has been overeating since the divorce was finalized. John's reaction to the stress can be described as

A) denial.
B) compensatory behavior.
C) avoiding.
D) appraisal focused.

Question 10

Which coping strategies focus on distraction from the stressor, relaxation, and it's emotional meaning?

A) relaxation training
B) problem focused
C) anxious avoidance
D) emotion focused

Question 11

Challenges that disturb the individual's physical or mental equilibrium are called

A) pessimism.
B) stressors.
C) burnout.
D) disabilities.

Question 12

All of the following traits have been identified as contributing to stress tolerance except

A) openness to experience.
B) hardiness.
C) individual impulse control.
D) flexibility.

Question 13

The tendency to anticipate threats when the probability of such are low is characteristic of

A) denial.
B) catastrophic thinking.
C) acculturative stress.
D) learned helplessness.

Question 14

When an individual chooses to direct their attention away from a stressor and focus on unrelated thoughts or behaviors they are using which avoidant coping strategy?

A) distraction
B) procrastination
C) catastrophic thinking
D) ruminative strategies

Question 15

The reaction to a condition that disturbs an individual's physical or mental balance is known as

A) stress.
B) sensitization.
C) acculturation.
D) optimism.

Question 16

Avoidant behavior in which we consciously try to discount or ignore an apparent problem for some time, even though we are aware of it is known as

A) flexible.
B) rational.
C) burnout.
D) sensitization.

Question 17

Optimism is associated with ______ behavior, such as finding alternative solutions and experiences.

A) flexible
B) pessimistic
C) exploratory
D) difficult

Question 18

Greg often uses alcohol as a coping strategy because it temporarily reduces his painful anxiety and physical tension. Greg experiences these effects because alcohol acts as

A) stress tolerance.
B) a depressant.
C) passive adjustment.
D) relaxation training.

Question 19

All of the following are considered to be stressful professional changes except

A) divorce.
B) retirement.
C) losing your job.
D) relocating.

Question 20

______ is a stable pattern of behavior and experience that appears helpful in the process of coping with significant stressors.

A) Acculturation
B) Stress tolerance
C) Catastrophic thinking
D) Flexibility

Question 21

______ can be a single event in one area of life; it also can be a continuous development, involving many areas of an individual's activities.

A) Hardiness
B) Denial
C) Anxious avoidance
D) A stressor

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT an example of a ruminative response?

A) expressing how unhappy one feels
B) wondering why one feels unhappy
C) suppressing feelings of unhappiness
D) thinking about how difficult it will be tomorrow

Question 23

Which theory suggests that adjustment is determined by the personal ability to adapt and maintain positive illusions?

A) cognitive adaptation
B) passive adjustment
C) ruminative strategies
D) autogenic training

Question 24

Sarah is 6 months pregnant and has been reading every baby book she can find. She has also been preparing for the baby in the home. Sarah is ______ about understanding the challenges that she will face once her baby is born.

A) in denial
B) being flexible
C) being proactive
D) being optimistic

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of emotion-focused coping strategies?

A) actively reevaluating the psychological impact of the existing problem
B) maintaining focused attention on the stressor
C) gaining emotional strength
D) seeking emotional support from other people and new sources

Question 26

Autogenic training is characterized by what main technique?

A) ruminative strategies
B) adjustment
C) autosuggestion
D) sensitization

Question 27

An individual who is experiencing burnout is likely to exhibit all of the following symptoms except

A) denial.
B) extreme fatigue.
C) pessimism.
D) distrust.

Question 28

The general capability to endure difficult conditions is known as

A) acculturation.
B) hardiness.
C) denial.
D) dispositional optimism.

Question 29

Putting off impending tasks to a later time is called

A) hardiness.
B) passive adjustment.
C) procrastination.
D) dispositional optimism.

Question 30

Impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions commonly associated with serious illnesses are known as

A) disabilities.
B) hardiness.
C) burnout.
D) catastrophic thinking.

Question 31

Gerald has just moved to Texas from Peru. He is currently facing a number of stressful cultural adjustments. As he moves forward he will continue to cope with the new social and cultural conditions. This process of coping is known as

A) burnout.
B) flexibility.
C) acculturation.
D) stress tolerance.

Question 32

Extreme fatigue, distrust, pessimism, and inefficiency despite effort are manifested in

A) procrastination.
B) burnout.
C) acculturation.
D) flexibility.

Question 33

After a breakup who is likely to recover more fully and come out emotionally stronger?

A) neither partner
B) men
C) both partners
D) women

Question 34

A tendency to depend upon others due to feelings of helplessness and an inability to deal with a stressor is known as

A) passive adjustment.
B) sensitization.
C) hardiness.
D) acculturation.

Question 35

______ is characterized by significant alterations in behavior and experiences as a reaction to internal and external struggles.

A) Acculturation
B) Immigration
C) Hardiness
D) Adjustment

Question 36

Active and conscious intentions to adapt to struggles, changing situations, and novel conditions are known as

A) optimism.
B) autogenic training.
C) coping.
D) avoiding.

Question 37

When an individual migrates to a new country, they are faced with having to adapt to the new environment and learn the social norms of the new location. The stress experiences by such an individual in relation to these changes is sometimes called

A) approaching.
B) culture shock.
C) denial.
D) dispositional optimism.

Question 38

Persistent depressed mood, anxiety, irritability, sleep problems, and feelings of helplessness are collectively characteristic of

A) adjustment disorder.
B) ruminative strategies.
C) pessimism.
D) learned helplessness.

Question 39

Failing to cope with ______ stressors after moving to a new country is likely to lead to the development of psychopathological symptoms.

A) learned helplessness
B) pessimistic
C) burnout
D) acculturation

Question 40

The result of anything that disturbs physical or mental equilibrium is known as

A) stress.
B) sensitization.
C) acculturation.
D) optimism.

Question 41

The extent to which a person can cope in new and unique ways is called

A) sensitization.
B) optimism.
C) flexibility.
D) acculturation.

Question 42

Approaching can be ______ when an individual is aware of the problem or anticipates a stressor to emerge and thus has one or more strategies to deal with them.

A) flexible
B) proactive
C) avoiding
D) a distraction

Question 43

People are more likely to practice conscientious health habits, including dieting and exercising if they develop all of the following except

A) stress tolerance.
B) a positive sense of self-worth.
C) beliefs in their own control.
D) optimism.

Question 44

Harrison learns he has developed cancer at the age of 54. He immediately studies several available treatment options and chooses one. Unfortunately, this option proves to be ineffective. Harrison immediately seeks alternate treatment options and the guidance of several specialists. Harrison is using which coping strategy?

A) emotion focused
B) dispositional optimism
C) problem focused
D) hardiness

Question 45

The tendency to dwell over negative emotions and failed strategies is characteristic of

A) procrastination.
B) sensitization.
C) distraction.
D) ruminative strategies.

Question 46

Consistent behaviors and experiences that aid in the process of coping are characteristic of

A) acculturation.
B) stress tolerance.
C) catastrophic thinking.
D) flexibility.

Question 47

Keeping oneself away from addressing a challenge or stressor is known as

A) avoiding.
B) optimism.
C) approaching.
D) pessimism.

Question 48

An individual who generally believes they will encounter negative outcomes in the future is likely to be characterized as

A) in denial.
B) pessimistic.
C) optimistic.
D) Type D personality.

Question 49

Brian is known for his tendency to overestimate the probability of very negative outcomes. His friends always know he will generally foresee the worst possible outcome in any scenario. Brian engages in consistent

A) denial.
B) dispositional optimism.
C) catastrophic thinking.
D) acculturative stress.

Question 50

A state of a significant exhaustion and disappointment brought about by devotion to an activity that failed to produce the expected result or reward is known as

A) learned helplessness.
B) catastrophic thinking.
C) acculturative stress.
D) burnout.

Question 51

Roxie is known by many for her positive outlook on life. Even in stressful situations she tends to look on the bright side and insist that things will soon get better. Roxie is a(n)

A) optimist.
B) pessimist.
C) Type D personality.
D) dispositional pessimist.

Question 52

Which of the following has a tendency to be present in alcohol and substance abuse according to the chapter?

A) optimism
B) stress tolerance
C) hardiness
D) anxious avoidance

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a manifestation of adjustment disorder in an individual unable to cope with major life stressors?

A) persistent depressed mood
B) feelings of grandiosity
C) anxiety
D) sleep problems

Question 54

What strategy is characterized as proactive when awareness of the problem is present and strategies have been developed to handle the stressor?

A) flexible
B) approaching
C) avoiding
D) distraction

Question 55

Which positive illusion is characterized by someone who tends to think about themselves in a more positive light?

A) avoiding
B) problem focused
C) emotion focused
D) self-enhancing

Question 56

Jackson tends to cope in a unique manner. He makes it a point to research, rehearse, and expect negative events to happen in order to prepare for them. Jackson expresses

A) sensitization
B) unrealistic optimism
C) stress tolerance
D) anxious avoidance

Question 57

The chapter describes an Australian scientist, Denis Wright, and his optimistic blog "My Unwelcome Stranger." In the blog he writes about his struggles and daily experiences with brain cancer. The coping strategy Wright exhibits in his writing is known as

A) denial.
B) stress tolerance.
C) sensitization.
D) emotion focused.

Question 58

All of the following are characteristic of hardiness except

A) stubborn behavior and an unwillingness to change.
B) changes in strategies and behavior, as well as a commitment or sustained effort to achieve a goal.
C) control, or the belief and the ability to rely on your own efforts, to solve a problem.
D) a challenge, or commitment to test self and confront difficulties.

Question 59

______ is the general belief in positive or successful outcomes.

A) Pessimism
B) Adjustment
C) Optimism
D) Hardiness

Question 60

What personality is associated with an increased likelihood of developing burnout?

A) Type D
B) passive adjustment
C) anxious avoidance
D) Type A

Question 61

An individual who fails to cope with acculturation stressors after immigrating from one country to another is likely to

A) develop learned helplessness.
B) move back.
C) burnout.
D) develop psychopathological symptoms.

Question 62

When an individual experiences a crisis that is out of their control, they can become passive because they feel there is nothing they can do to make the situation better. The individual is expressing

A) learned helplessness.
B) sensitization.
C) denial.
D) hardiness.

Question 63

In a psychological context, which maladaptive coping strategy is characterized by a tendency to disregard fact and maintain that something is untrue?

A) avoiding
B) distraction
C) denial
D) hardiness

Question 64

Bailey, upon facing a significant stressor in her life not only aims to change herself but also aims to change the source of her stress. What type of coping strategy does Bailey use?

A) hardiness
B) denial
C) stress tolerance
D) approaching

Question 65

The tendency to delay imminent assignments is known as

A) distraction.
B) pessimism.
C) procrastination.
D) flexibility.

Question 66

An individual who expresses thoughts and behaviors focusing on negative experiences, unsuccessful strategies, and distressing psychological symptoms due to their inability to cope with a particular stressor is using

A) denial.
B) ruminative strategies.
C) autogenic training.
D) relaxation training.

Question 67

A pattern of dependency that is rooted in an individual's feeling of helplessness and an inability to deal with a stressor is characteristic of

A) passive adjustment.
B) sensitization.
C) hardiness.
D) acculturation.

Question 68

Coping strategies that focus on altering or eliminating the underlying source of a problem are known as

A) negative coping.
B) problem-focused coping.
C) emotion-focused coping.
D) optimistic coping.

Question 69

Studies have shown that ______ have a tendency to promote healthy behaviors.

A) stressors
B) positive illusions
C) disabilities
D) burnout

Question 70

Ashley recently dropped off her daughter at a university two states away. In the past 2 weeks that she has been home she's been overcome with sadness and feelings of loneliness. This stressful experience is often known as

A) sensitization.
B) flexibility.
C) empty-nest syndrome.
D) adjustment.

Question 71

Your roommate has recently encountered a major stressor in their life. You are concerned because he or she is actively refusing to think about it, handle it, or even approach it. Your roommate is engaging in

A) anxious avoidance.
B) procrastination.
C) pessimism.
D) optimism.

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT an example of latent vulnerability traits?

A) bad eating habits
B) substance use or abuse
C) propensity for hostile behavior
D) regular exercise

Question 73

Which coping strategy focuses on how an individual views a problem, its causes, the impact on us, and the anticipated result of our coping behavior?

A) result focused
B) problem focused
C) appraisal focused
D) emotion focused

Question 74

A type of coping that refers to deliberate attempts at changing self as well as the sources of stress is known as

A) denial.
B) approaching.
C) pessimism.
D) optimism.

Question 75

When an individual experiences a distressing psychological reaction to a foreign cultural environment they are experiencing

A) acculturative stress.
B) passive adjustment.
C) stress tolerance.
D) learned helplessness.

Question 76

______ disorder is characterized by a cluster of symptoms associated with significant distress that occurs in someone who is unable to cope with major life stressors.

A) Catastrophic thinking
B) Adjustment
C) Emotion focused
D) Dispositional pessimists

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT a step necessary to help individuals cope with acculturative stress?

A) overcoming stigma
B) hardiness
C) gaining knowledge
D) commitment

Question 78

Which physical and emotional relaxation technique is self-administered?

A) sensitization
B) dispositional optimism
C) ruminative strategies
D) autogenic training

Question 79

Psychological ______ in the workplace is correlated with better mental health and job performance.

A) hardiness
B) acculturation
C) flexibility
D) optimism

Question 80

Social inhibition and negative affectivity are characteristic of which personality?

A) Type D
B) negative
C) Type B
D) pessimistic