Deck 9: The Humanistic Tradition

Question 1

What was one of the global developments that contributed to the development of the humanistic perspective in personality psychology?

A) World War II
B) Vietnam War
C) Industrial Revolution
D) World War I

Answer 1

World War II

Question 2

Early humanistic psychologists believed that

A) psychology had to stick to using experimental methods of investigation.
B) psychology must change its focus and embrace something more human.
C) psychology has to investigate the processes involved in conditioning principles.
D) psychology should not explain moral issues.

Answer 2

psychology must change its focus and embrace something more human.

Question 3

What was the role of humanistic psychology in the human suffering found in society?

A) Humanism has no role in understanding human suffering.
B) Humanism must use its scientific wisdom to address societal problems.
C) Humanism should not try to understand a whole human being.
D) Humanism should explain societal suffering.

Answer 3

Humanism must use its scientific wisdom to address societal problems.

Question 4

What is the study of phenomena that distinguishes human beings such as love, happiness, and self-growth?

A) psychoanalysis
B) behaviorism
C) humanism
D) trait

Question 5

What personality tradition ignored consciousness and the world of the striving individual?

A) gestalt
B) trait
C) cognitive
D) behaviorism

Question 6

Which personality tradition promotes the idea that learning was a key influence in shaping the individual's actions?

A) psychoanalytic
B) humanism
C) behaviorism
D) gestalt

Question 7

Which personality tradition ignored the individuals' subjective experience?

A) psychoanalytic
B) humanism
C) behaviorism
D) trait

Question 8

Which personality tradition focused primarily on psychological anomalies?

A) psychoanalysis
B) behaviorism
C) humanism
D) trait

Question 9

Which personality perspective devalued the meaning of conscious purposeful acts?

A) existentialism
B) humanism
C) psychoanalysis
D) situationist

Question 10

The importance of individual responsibility, free choice, and intellectual freedom are fundamental forces guiding a person through life. This statement represents which tradition in personality psychology?

A) humanism
B) positive psychology
C) existential psychology
D) psychoanalysis

Question 11

What is the value orientation in psychology that holds a hopeful and constructive view of people and of their substantial capacity to be self-determining?

A) existential psychology
B) humanistic psychology
C) gestalt psychology
D) cognitive psychology

Question 12

What is the holistic perspective?

A) Individuals are uniquely human.
B) Individuals are rational.
C) Individuals are aware of their existence.
D) An individual is more than the sum of his or her habits, reflexes, mental operations or decisions.

Question 13

The holistic perspective in humanistic psychology is a criticism of which tradition in personality psychology?

A) psychoanalysis
B) cognitive
C) post-Freudian
D) behaviorism

Question 14

To say that individuals are aware of their own existence means that they

A) have consciousness.
B) are unique beings.
C) are rational.
D) do not have unconsciousness.

Question 15

What is "cosmic ecology"?

A) the individual's potential
B) the individual's general perspective on the world
C) the individual's inner world
D) the outcome for actualization

Question 16

According to humanistic psychologists, individuals are rational and knowledgeable. Thus, it would reason that individuals

A) are sensitive and caring.
B) are objective.
C) tend to be logical.
D) can exercise choices.

Question 17

A principle in humanistic psychology is that when an individual makes mistakes,

A) the individual is doomed to repeat the mistake.
B) the individual can either be rewarded or punished for it.
C) the individual learns from the mistake and is accountable.
D) the individual represses memories of it.

Question 18

Another principle of humanistic psychology is that by being aware of their goals,

A) individuals can fail to achieve them.
B) individuals can seek meaning, value, and creativity in their lives.
C) individuals do not have much freedom to do anything about them.
D) individuals must be prepared for the potential to fail.

Question 19

Humanistic psychology uses primarily what type of research methodology?

A) quantitative methods
B) qualitative methods
C) mixed methods
D) randomized designs

Question 20

What is the view humanistic psychology takes about the methodology of experiments?

A) Experiments do not allow in-depth study of one's self and so it should not be used.
B) Experiments tap into an unrelated set of behaviors.
C) Experiments take too long to run.
D) The use of experiments should be combined with nonexperimental methods.

Question 21

What is the intellectual tradition that focuses on an individual's uniqueness, free will, and responsibility?

A) behaviorism
B) psychoanalysis
C) gestalt
D) existentialism

Question 22

What is the central proposition of existentialism?

A) That individuals create their own meaning, roles, prescriptions, and values but do not necessarily fit well into these meanings.
B) That human beings are unfamiliar with using free will to their own advantage and therefore make mistakes.
C) That individuals need self-awareness to identify their free will and thus use it for achieving their potential.
D) That individuals are ignorant of free will and when they do have no guidance on how to use it to reach their potential.

Question 23

What does existentialism say about our existence?

A) It is optimistic.
B) It is filled with potential.
C) It is tragic and sad.
D) It is stressful.

Question 24

Existentialism asserts there is no meaning in life and attempts on people's part to find meaning is absurd. This position is called

A) deficit needs.
B) B values.
C) existential depression.
D) existential crisis.

Question 25

What are the results of finding no meaning in life according to existentialism?

A) death and destruction
B) chaos and confusion
C) anxiety and depression
D) pluralistic ignorance

Question 26

According to existentialism, work and making more money are

A) efforts to make life meaningful.
B) futile attempts to find meaning in life.
C) illusions of happiness.
D) the road to fulfilling one's potential.

Question 27

Joe believes working is the only meaning in life. He works hard, gets promoted, and earns a lot of money. Yet he is extremely dissatisfied with his life and feels very alone. According to existentialism, Joe has reached

A) a state of despair.
B) an existential crisis.
C) the meaning of life.
D) the illusion about life.

Question 28

According to existentialism, depression will lead to

A) fatigue.
B) ignorance and stupidity.
C) despair.
D) psychosis.

Question 29

Existential psychology focuses on

A) an individuals' experience as being unique, exceptional, and unrepeatable.
B) there is no possibility for individuals to improve themselves.
C) there is potential in only a few individuals depending on amount of self-insight.
D) the road to happiness as relatively easy.

Question 30

What does existential psychology believe about an individual's free will?

A) There is no free will in individuals; there's only the illusion that they have it.
B) Free will only become apparent when individuals achieve self-insight.
C) Individuals have free will and make choices and take responsibility for them.
D) Using one's free will lead to the path of happiness.

Question 31

Unlike existential philosophers, existential psychology is

A) exciting.
B) dull.
C) optimistic.
D) selective.

Question 32

According to existential psychology, self-improvement can be achieved through

A) work and play.
B) commitments in relationships.
C) changes in self-awareness.
D) therapy.

Question 33

According to existential psychology, self-consciousness leads to

A) happiness.
B) the meaning of life.
C) coping skills.
D) moral values.

Question 34

Rollo May asserted that anxiety is provoked by

A) lack of relationships.
B) lack of self-awareness.
C) fundamental technological and social changes.
D) ignorance.

Question 35

According to Rollo May, what is another source of anxiety?

A) lack of relationships
B) isolation
C) work and work expectations
D) threats to an individual's most fundamental family values

Question 36

According to Rollo May, what is one way to reduce anxiety?

A) take a vacation
B) meditate
C) rediscover the importance of caring for one another
D) pursue one's own goals

Question 37

According to Rollo May, what's the difference between anxiety and fear?

A) Nothing, they are both the same.
B) Fear is more manageable than anxiety because fear has an unidentifiable source.
C) The difference is in the magnitude of the effect they bring about for the individual.
D) Fear makes one powerless while anxiety makes one confused.

Question 38

Which of the following is not a way to handle fear as stated by Rollo May?

A) accept it
B) avoid it
C) confront it
D) deny it exist

Question 39

According to Maslow, what is a force within an organism that initiates and maintains behavior?

A) fear and anxiety
B) motivation
C) drive
D) growth

Question 40

Maslow described individuals' needs in a

A) circle.
B) flowchart.
C) hierarchy.
D) pie chart.

Question 41

Maslow's needs are grouped according to

A) potency.
B) relevance to one's values.
C) the current demands in society.
D) level of spirituality.

Question 42

How many needs are there in Maslow's theory?

A) 6
B) 3
C) 9
D) 5

Question 43

What are the Maslow's needs according to potency?

A) love, belongingness, physiological, esteem, safety
B) physiological, esteem, self-actualization, safety
C) physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization
D) safety, esteem, love, physiological, self-actualization

Question 44

According to Maslow, once an individual has satisfied the cluster of needs at a particular level,

A) He or she can jump to any of the levels above it.
B) He or she will progress to the next level.
C) He or she can skip to the top.
D) He or she will not need to go back to that level again.

Question 45

Francisco is being recognized for his charitable work with the poor. Francisco has reached what level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) love
B) safety
C) self-actualization
D) esteem

Question 46

Meg wants to make sure she had locked the front door of her apartment this morning before she went to work. Meg is at what level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) love
B) esteem
C) safety
D) physiological

Question 47

The first four levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs are called

A) growth needs.
B) fixed needs.
C) deficit needs.
D) urgent needs.

Question 48

What are rooted in the scarcity of something like food or esteem from others?

A) B-needs
B) D-needs.
C) D-needs
D) B-values .

Question 49

What is the highest stage of individual development and is governed by the search for truth, goodness, beauty, wholeness, justice, and meaningfulness?

A) self-actualization
B) happiness
C) optimism
D) the good life

Question 50

Which of the following below is not a characteristic of a self-actualized individual according to Maslow?

A) spontaneity and simplicity
B) need for privacy
C) deep interpersonal relations
D) authoritarian traits

Question 51

Maslow's research drew some criticism. Which of the following below was one of them?

A) Maslow's examples of self-actualized individuals were based on his own moral code.
B) Actualization is applicable to everyone else in the global arena.
C) There are three additional needs above actualization.
D) The needs are prioritized correctly.

Question 52

What is the state of complete concentration and joyful immersion in a situation or activity?

A) peak experiences
B) ecstasy
C) flow
D) actualization

Question 53

Who proposed that most of the behaviors that people learn are consistent with the subjective concept of the self?

A) Rollo May
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Carl Rogers
D) M. Csikzentmihalyi

Question 54

According to Rogers, people strive to make the best of their existence and value the high self-esteem and positive emotions toward the self called

A) positive self-regard.
B) self-esteem.
C) flow.
D) congruent self.

Question 55

According to Rogers, when do individuals experience incongruity?

A) When individuals behave according to their set of morals.
B) When individuals cannot make or maintain the high standards society sets up for individual behavior.
C) When individuals put their needs and devotion above everyone else's.
D) When individuals put themselves second to the community.

Question 56

Who are fully functioning individuals?

A) They put their needs before the needs of the community.
B) They put the community's needs before their own.
C) They value expression instead of conformity.
D) They are well balanced, well adjusted, and interested in learning and knowing.

Question 57

Humanistic psychology contributed to the tradition that studies the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive. What is this tradition called?

A) Maslow's psychology
B) positive psychology
C) client-centered psychology
D) gestalt psychology

Question 58

What contributed to the concept of positive mental health?

A) psychoanalysis
B) humanistic psychology
C) existential psychology
D) Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Question 59

What has become an important measure of social and economic development of a country in which the higher the indexes are, the higher the position of that country on that factor?

A) happiness
B) equality
C) security
D) functional citizens

Question 60

What view states that an individual can become happy through the accumulation of material wealth?

A) progressive view
B) comparison view
C) expectation view
D) materialistic view

Question 61

What view states that an individual can become happy if basic needs are secured?

A) comparison view
B) situational view
C) progressive view
D) spiritual view

Question 62

Denmark, Finland, and other Scandinavian countries have high scores of happiness because of adopting which view of happiness?

A) progressive view
B) comparison view
C) materialist view
D) expectation view

Question 63

What view states that happiness is gauged by an individual's lifetime experience of tragedies, celebrations, relations, and opportunities?

A) expectation view
B) situational view
C) biological view
D) spiritual view

Question 64

The phrase "I wish you did not have it" reflects which view about happiness?

A) expectation view
B) materialist view
C) comparison view
D) progressive view

Question 65

Philip feels like he has accomplished what he had set out for himself to do 2 years ago. Now, he is ready to set up another list of goals for himself for the next 2 years. Philip is using which view of happiness?

A) comparison view
B) progressive view
C) situational view
D) expectation view

Question 66

Which view states that unhappiness is due to one's genetic makeup?

A) expectation view
B) biological view
C) spiritual view
D) progressive view

Question 67

What is the first point of the humanistic argument about happiness?

A) Happiness starts with one's level of self-esteem.
B) Happiness is based on feedback one receives from others.
C) Happiness is achievable and can be learned.
D) Happiness can be achieved through self-growth.

Question 68

What is the second point of the humanistic argument about happiness?

A) Happiness depends on one's social and interpersonal engagement.
B) Happiness is achievable and can be learned.
C) Happiness can be achieved through self-growth.
D) Happiness is the propensity to experience an emotional state.

Question 69

What is the third point of the humanistic argument about happiness?

A) Happiness can be achieved through self-growth.
B) Happiness is receiving positive assessments from others which in turn encourages optimism and joy.
C) Happiness can be achieved through self-growth
D) Happiness is related to one's level of self-esteem.

Question 70

A practical step for the comparison view of happiness is

A) pursue material values and money.
B) life outcomes are basically out of our hands.
C) make sure that comparisons to others are favorable or avoid comparisons with other people.
D) think critically and provide positive feedback.

Question 71

A practical step for the materialist view of happiness is

A) make sure there is social support and social services.
B) make sure expectations have been met or ignore such expectations.
C) if one believes one is born unhappy, they should adjust and work on themselves.
D) pursue material values and money and status.

Question 72

Humanistic psychology's record on research is

A) relatively poor.
B) prolific.
C) very quantitative.
D) too theoretical.

Question 73

The concept of "happiness" is problematic in the research in humanistic psychology because

A) its definition is too broad.
B) it has too many multiple meanings.
C) the concept is not necessarily scientific.
D) it is an unfalsifiable statement.

Question 74

What kind of therapy shows their clients genuineness, empathy, and unconditional positive regard?

A) existential therapy
B) client-centered therapy
C) psychoanalysis
D) cognitive behavioral therapy

Question 75

Client-centered therapy used to have the original name of

A) Rogerian therapy.
B) qualitative therapy.
C) nondirective therapy.
D) gestalt therapy.

Question 76

Humanism is the study of phenomena that distinguishes human beings such as love, happiness, and self-growth.

Question 77

Humanism has deep roots in several academic disciplines.

Question 78

Humanism represented the "first force" in psychology.

Question 79

Humanistic psychology emerged in the 1950s.

Question 80

Humanistic psychology is generally pessimistic.