Deck 12: Nicotine and Caffeine

Question 1

Studies of the behavioral and physiological effects of nicotine

A) show that nicotine has a relaxing and calming effect in both smokers and nonsmokers.
B) indicate that nicotine decreases reaction time in a visual information processing task in smokers but not in individuals who have never smoked.
C) show that nicotine decreases errors of omission and increases attention in nonsmokers.
D) suggest that the effects observed can be completely attributed to reversal of withdrawal symptoms in smokers asked to abstain for the duration of the study.

Answer 1

show that nicotine decreases errors of omission and increases attention in nonsmokers.

Question 2

Which statement about nicotine poisoning is false?

A) It is frequently caused by smoking, because a pack of cigarettes contains several lethal doses.
B) It has occurred in children who have accidentally consumed tobacco, from cigarette stubs left in ashtrays, for example.
C) It is most likely caused by exposure to nicotine-based insecticides.
D) It can cause death due to depolarization block of the breathing muscles.

Answer 2

It is frequently caused by smoking, because a pack of cigarettes contains several lethal doses.

Question 3

What role does nicotine play in the life and survival of the tobacco plant?

A) Helps with photosynthesis
B) Toxicity protects the plant from being eaten
C) Provides help with energy storage
D) Assists in pollination

Answer 3

Toxicity protects the plant from being eaten

Question 4

Which event did not reduce cigarette consumption to some degree?

A) Cigarette taxes doubled.
B) Antismoking ads appeared.
C) Great Depression occurred.
D) World War II began.

Question 5

With respect to the demographics of cigarette smoking,

A) about 15% of the population over 18 years of age use e-cigarettes.
B) approximately 50% of the population 12 and over smokes, according to a 2011 survey.
C) about 80% of users of tobacco engage in their use via smoking cigarettes.
D) smoking is positively correlated with education.

Question 6

What is the difference between a regular smoker and an established smoker?

A) A regular smoker smokes occasionally; an established smoker smokes daily.
B) A regular smoker smokes on a regular basis, but not daily like an established smoker does.
C) A regular smoker is not committed to smoking; an established smoker is dependent on nicotine.
D) There is no difference between the two types of smokers.

Question 7

When smokers are given cigarettes lower in nicotine and tar,

A) they reduce their intake slightly.
B) there is no change in smoking behavior.
C) there is a marked decrease in their smoking behavior.
D) they smoke more.

Question 8

"Chippers"

A) have been studied in the context of both nicotine and opiate use.
B) have shown researchers that tolerance and dependence are not separate phenomena.
C) do not develop either short-term or long-term tolerance.
D) are individuals who smoke one or two cigarettes a week for at least a few years.

Question 9

Which statement about quitting the smoking is true?

A) The majority of smokers are not interested in giving up their smoking habit.
B) Relatively few (<10%) smokers attempt to quit each year.
C) Quitting the smoking habit is very difficult and requires many attempts.
D) Placing warnings on cigarette packages and increasing cigarette taxes have had virtually no impact on usage or quitting rates.

Question 10

Which statement about caffeine is false?

A) Tea contains both caffeine and theophylline, both stimulants.
B) About 50% of adults consume caffeinated beverages.
C) The average intake of caffeine in the United States is 200 to 400 mg per day.
D) Children are avid consumers of caffeine in the form of soda and chocolate.

Question 11

In addition to coffee and tea, caffeine is found in all of the following except for

A) analgesic drugs.
B) cough suppressants.
C) OTC stimulants.
D) diet soda.

Question 12

In laboratory animals, the effect of increasing doses of caffeine causes

A) reduced activity, followed by increased activity.
B) dose-dependent increases in activity.
C) increased activity, followed by decreased activity.
D) dose-dependent decreases in activity.

Question 13

An important medical use for caffeine is in the treatment of

A) migraines.
B) ADHD.
C) diuresis.
D) apnea.

Question 14

Cite evidence that shows that nicotine and non-nicotine factors are both important in maintaining smoking behavior. For example, discuss whether nicotine gum is completely successful in reversing withdrawal effects.